• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.188-191
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• 2015

This study is based on the data of velocity actually measured at varied the heights in the last 3 years. As mentioned in the World Meteorological Monitoring Plan(World Weather Watch: WWW), using the meteorological data by radiosonde can calculate the probability of velocity greater than 10m/s which is the standard beginning point of non-working condition by wind. The height is divided into sections, with 100m for each section starting from the ocean surface up to 700m high. The data measured at each section could be used for estimating and predicting the probability of non-working days for the construction nearby. For example, the data of Osan region is expected to be applicable for the project located in Seoul which has similar geographical conditions. As comparing the velocity varied with height, non-working days calculated basing on the measured data shows a variation of from -0.3 to +64 days. However, this study use Weibull distribution which considered more reliable, the result is expected to be more useful, as the data was all actually measured in the real conditions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.433-446
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• 2022

Despite efforts to reduce unexpected accidents at confined construction sites, choking accidents continue to occur. Because of the poorly ventilated atmosphere, particularly in long, confined underground spaces, workers are subject to dangerous working conditions despite the use of artificial ventilation. Moreover, the traditional monitoring methods of using portable gas detectors place safety inspectors in direct contact with hazardous conditions. In this study, a long-range (LoRa)-based wireless safety monitoring system that features the network organization, fault-tolerant, power management, and a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for underground construction sites. The LoRa wireless data communication system was adopted to detect hazardous gases and oxygen deficiency within a confined underground space with adjustable communication range and low power consumption. Fault tolerance based on the mapping information of the entire wireless sensor network was particularly implemented to ensure the reliable operation of the monitoring system. Moreover, a sleep mode was implemented for the efficient power management. The GUI was also developed to control the entire safety-monitoring system and to manage the measured data. The developed safety-monitoring system was validated in an indoor testing and at two full-scale water pipeline construction sites.

• Architectural research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 2023

Indoor thermal conditions greatly affect the health and comfort of humans who occupy the space in it. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of water and vegetation elements as a microclimate modifier in buildings to obtain thermal comfort through the study of thermal environment models. This research covers two objects, namely public buildings and housing in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Prov-ince - Indonesia. Quantitative methods through field surveys and measurements based on thermal and personal variables. Data analysis based on ASHRAE 55 2020 standard. The data was processed with a parametric statistical approach and then simulated with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method to find a thermal prediction model. The model was made by increasing the ventilation area by 2.0 m2, adding 10% vegetation with shade plant characteristics, moving water features in the form of fountains and increasing the pool area by 15% to obtain PMV + 0.23, PPD + 8%, TSV-1 - +0, Ta_25.7℃, and relative humidity 63.5 - 66%. The evaluation shows that the operating temperature can analyze the visitor's comfort temperature range of >80% and comply with the ASHRAE 55-2020 standard. It is concluded that water elements and indoor vegetation can be microclimate modifiers in buildings to create desired comfort conditions and adaptive con-trols in buildings such as the arrangement of water elements and vegetation and ventilation systems to provide passive cooling effects in buildings.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.571-581
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• 2024

Concrete linings in tunnels constructed by drilling and blasting such as NATM serve as a secondary support structure. However, these linings can face unexpected earth pressures if the primary support deteriorates or if ground conditions become unfavorable. It is crucial to determine the loosening earth pressure that allows the lining to maintain its structural integrity and prevent damage caused by this pressure. This study proposes a numerical model for simulating the trapdoor test and developing a method for calculating the loosening earth pressure. The discrete element method (DEM) was employed to describe the soil characteristics around the tunnel. Using this numerical model, a sequence of experimental trapdoor steps was simulated, and the loosening earth pressure was analyzed. Contact parameters were calibrated based on an analysis of a triaxial compression test. The reliability of the developed model was confirmed through a comparison between simulation results and laboratory test findings. The model was used to calculate the contact force applied to the trapdoor plate and to assess the settlement of soil particles. Furthermore, the model accounted for the soil-arching effect, which effectively redistributes the load to the surrounding areas. The proposed model can be applied to analyze the tunnel's cross-sectional dimensions and design stability under various ground conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.620-629
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• 2015

As the construction industry becomes bigger and more complicated, standardization of terms should be established between academic and industrial fields in order to accumulate and share information technology. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the research trends and actual usage of construction and architectural terms in Korea. For this purpose, we examined research related to construction and architectural terms by searching RISS up to August 2014. We also analyzed document types and contents of research by year. As a result, 130 research studies related to construction and architectural terms were searched. Of document types, glossary ranks the highest, followed by academic journal papers, master's theses and research reports. Research related to construction and architectural terms began in 1939, and was actively studied between the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Within the research, list and opinion of related construction and architectural terms are found the most frequently, followed by standardization, analysis, alteration, dictionary and wordbook, and search system of terms. Despite these efforts and research, standardization of terms has not yet been consolidated between academic and industrial fields. Therefor, we suggest six proposals in order to standardize the terms. This study is an attempt to see the trends and conditions of construction and architectural terms and to provide base-line data and an insight for future research.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

A ward is a place where the patients are living and staying for 80% of the all those days in the hospital. So the Ward's conditions are very important to them. We group a ward's conditions in two classes, one in the physical condition ; area, noise, temperature etc. and the others is the physical condition ; privacy, field. According to the analysis, the patients had beed under a mental stress and they did negative action, by the ward's environmental conditions. This study find influence of the ward's environmental conditions with violate each patients privacy using multi-bedroom's restroom. So we suggest that the ideal multi-bedroom's restroom, solve the they got the problems.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

Recently, the usage of renewable energy system has been recommended because of the energy saving and depletion of fossil fuel. Especially, ground source heat pump system(GSHP) has a high efficiency by using annual stable ground temperature. Also, wood pellet is low cost and a high calorific value compared to fossil fuel. However, only small number of farms have applied renewable energy system to horticultural facility because of a high initial costs and uncertainty of its cost efficiency. In this study, in order to analyze the feasibility for the horticulture, TRNSYS simulation based on the standard horticultural facility was conducted in different weather and covering material conditions. Then, comparative feasibility analysis of each energy supplying system was conducted. As a result, we have found out that a high initial cost of renewable energy system was recovered by the economics of the energy cost. Due to the energy cost reduction, the payback periods were 10-11 years in the case of GSHP and 4-6 years in the case of wood pellet boiler.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.1 s.37
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• pp.71-81
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• 2004

The $18^{th}$ century's Industrial Revolution brought about influx of commerce, industry, and agricultural population into the urban areas, entering the $19^{th}$ century. Quality of rural communities declined, and the exploding population in the cities gave rise to various problems. 'Mietskaserne' Blockhousing was constructed by the 'Hobrechtplan', but led to social problems such as poor living conditions, insufficient sunshine due to overcrowding, slums due to incomplete urban infrastructure, epidemics, and so on. Starting in the early $20^{th}$ century, Berlin has driven forward a remodeling plan under the motto of 'critical reconstruction (kritische Rekonstruktion)'. It is performed in the place, which represents the vicissitudinous history of Berlin with site plans coexisting past with presence, using modern vocabulary of architectural forms. Reconstructing a city is a process which not only raises the economic value of each building consisting a city, but also a redevelopment process that brings out cultural value of an era. When a new era emerges buildings get reconstructed or rebuilt, and thereby form the identity of a city by reflecting its society, culture, politics, economy, and history. Old German architecture were not destroyed or rebuilt recklessly just by the fact that they are functionally or aesthetically outdated. Each building is treated as precious cultural heritage reflecting the history. This is how Berlin is being transformed today.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

This study examined details and characteristics of prizewinning plans of housing competition promoted by korean architects group in 1946. The competition were held for the first since Liberation of Korea, and had practical purpose to construct houses to solve severe shortage of housing. This study found common trends of housing plan by prizewinning architects, analyzing architectural characteristics of prizewinning plans. Architects pursued western style living for renewed living conditions of people, planning precedent houses to put reception room at the heart of dwelling spaces and centralize them using entrance hall or corridor for traffic lines. Also, they arranged reception room and family room facing to the south and placed lavatory or bathroom inside of houses for hygiene. Kitchens were finished with wooden floor to keep same level of reception room and equipped with sink, kitchen table, pantry for convenient housekeeping. The result of competition become a basis of constructing houses by housing administration in 1947, and more important foundation for planning typical public houses of national housing corporation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.184-190
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• 2000

If we take account of the Architectural Tradition which aims a construction of better environment, we can see that this tradition has ended historically toward Utopia. It is a continual trend from ancient to contemporary epoch especially in each transitional periods. Utopia is an ideal commonwealth in which inhabitants exist under perfect conditions, ideally perfect places or state of things. But, Dystopia implies skeptical perspective on the future which has emerged as a result of the increasing awareness about crisis concerning negative aspects highlighted by progress of science and technology since Modern era. Dystopia is the opposite of Utopia which was a propaganda used by Modern architecture and has characteristics of Post-Modernity. Utopias plans are complete projects of image, its goal is an improvement according to the eras. Its plans are characterized by rigid geometrical pattern as circle and square, which contain generally center·axis·enclosure·boundary·symmetry. Recent architectural circumstances no longer reflect utopian visions. Dystopias plans have described extreme mechanism, destructive offense, expression of fragmentation and differentiation in contemporary architecture. Therefore, as the Utopian architecture describes characteristics of the era unlike the continuity of its concept, the Dystopian architecture will find its expression differently while maintaining its basic concept and intention.