• Architectural research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2017

Energy consumption in university building has steadily increased over the last decade, and a strong upward trend in recent years. This study was undertaken to analyze the relationship between energy consumption and their affecting factors, six academic buildings were considered. The factors limited to heating and cooling, which is the main end use (nearly 60 per cent of total energy consumption in university buildings), encompassing system and operating schedules (user activity) and area use. To understand how to building is used, operated and managed, walk-through assessment was conducted as well as interview with university staff. The results show that the energy consumption of the humanities building was somewhat smaller than the consumption of the science and engineering building, and its range was from $31.26kgoe/m^2$ to $23.52kgoe/m^2$, depending on heating and cooling system and area use. And the energy consumption of the science and engineering building was related to operating schedules (user activity) as well as laboratory equipment characteristics. More analysis on a larger number of buildings is required in the future, including building form and material performance level to generalize the significant factors influencing building energy consumption.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.409-416
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• 2020

This paper proposes a study measuring productivity improvement by using a type of technology called "Machine Guidance" through work sampling in earthwork. Earthwork is the activity typically on the critical path, indicating that productivity for the activity is critical for managing schedule on time. Thanks to the development of sensing and information system technologies, productivity for earthwork has been improved. While there have been many studies investigating the application of a certain type of technology to earthwork, few studies have measured the productivity improvement and presented how the technology leads to productivity improvement. Based on the thorough literature review, it is hypothesized that Machine Guidance contributes to improving productivity of earthwork by reducing indirect workhours spent for information waiting and inspection. In addition to the literature review, this paper presents a research model to test the hypothesis by using the work sampling technique. By proving and quantifying the productivity improvement from the technology use, this study can help practitioners justify the investment for technology use, which will contribute to the deployment of technology and more effective execution of earthwork.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2016

글라스울(Glass Wool)은 건설 현장 및 여러 다양한 분야에서 단열재로 사용되고 있다. 글라스울의 경우 불연재료이며 화재시 유해한 가스를 발생시키지 않으므로, 단열재로서의 사용이 더욱 권고되고 있는 상황이다. 그러나 글라스울이 반복적인 습윤 건조의 싸이클에 노출되면, 공극의 감소및 수축이 발생하여 단열성능을 잃게 되므로, 주기적인 교체가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 폐글라스울을 콘크리트용 첨가재료로 활용하여 역학적 성능을 개선하고자 하는 시도를 하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면 폐글라스울은 약한 포졸란 반응성을 가지며, 압축강도 및 휨강도의 증가 효과를 가짐을 알 수 있었으며, 이를 위한 최적의 폐글라스울 혼입량은 콘크리트 체적의 0.5%에 해당되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

As high schools implement credit completion system these days, concerns about the dissolution of classes, which are the original stable groups of studying and living, and the instability of the basal space, is growing due to the extended operation of moving optional classes. The purpose of this research is to understand the effect that environmental features of the basal space within the school and the operation method have on the students' space use and formation of attachment place within the school. For this, the main activity places, attachment places, school life satisfaction and others were investigated at 2 Japanese credit-based comprehensive high schools, which are different in the physical environmental features of school buildings. Based on this, a quantitative analysis about the distribution of activity places and attachment places was implemented. The space use features for each student attribute were compared, and the school life satisfaction for each type of attachment place formation was analyzed. As a result, the change of the territorial consciousness about the class space according to the implementation of moving optional classes could be understood. And it was confirmed that the students' space using behavior and place evaluation change according to the physical environmental feature of the class space and common space, and that this is affecting the life satisfaction of students.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2019

Modular Construction is regarded as having enhanced safety compared to traditional construction since most of modular manufacturing process in plants. Unlike general consideration for safety in modular construction, several industrial accident data and studies have pointed out that the accident rate of modular construction is not enough less as much as the practitioners have expected. It means that there is a clear need for improvement of safety management in modular construction. To enhance safety, it is necessary to identify the type and cause of accident through accident cases in order to prevent safety accident in advance. In this consideration, this study analyzed the types and causes of accidents through root cause analysis procedure with accident cases of U.S. OSHA. The classification was carried out in the order of process type, accident type and cause of accident. By following the classification criteria in this study, the causal factor was derived and the root cause map was created. Based on the analysis results, cross-analysis was conducted and it is shown that activity characteristics of modular construction are related to safety accidents. In addition, prevention methods to reduce safety accident by major activity are presented in terms of organizational, educational and technical aspects. This study contributes that the result can be used as the basic safety management in the manufacturing and construction process of modular construction.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2014

특수 플랜트 건설은 타 건설사업보다 체계적인 원가 및 공정관리가 요구되지만 이를 위하 반드시 필요한 현장 생산성을 구체적으로 분석한 연구는 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 건설중인 특수 플랜트 현장의 철근콘크리트공종을 형틀, 철근, 콘크리트로 나누어 생산성을 측정하고 생산성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 생산성 측정결과 형틀공종 $0.54(m^2/man{\cdot}time)$, 철근공종 $0.06(ton/man{\cdot}day)$, 콘크리트공종 $1.98(m^3/man{\cdot}time)$로 나타났다. 영향요인으로는 형틀공종은 요일과 야간적업 유무, 철근공종은 야간잡업 유무, 콘크리트공종은 야간작업 유무와 콘크리트 물량이 통계적으로 유의게 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2016

본 연구는 장소성의 개념을 건축공간 계획에 적용하고자 하는 설계연구이다. 본 연구의 계획 대상지는 영국 런던의 템스 강으로 강을 따라 이동하고 필요에 따라 강변에 정박하여 사용할 수 있는 건축물을 계획하는 것이다. 본 연구의 진행은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장소성과 무장소성, 그리고 비장소성에 대한 이론적 고찰과 템스 강이 갖는 특수한 성격의 장소성을 분석한다. 둘째, 장소와 건축물과의 관계, 건축물의 형태, 그리고 사용자의 행위의 세 가지 관점에서 각각의 계획개념을 계획안에 적용될 수 있는 계획요소로 정리한다. 셋째, 정리된 계획요소를 건축 프로그램으로 구체화하여 최종 결과물로서의 영국 런던의 템스 강에 부유하는 복합문화공간 계획안을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 주목한 것은 건축물의 인식과 건축물을 사용하는 사람들의 행위가 상호보완적으로 장소성을 형성한다는 것으로 본 연구에서 제안하는 계획안은 건축물이 위치하는 템스 강의 물리적, 자연적, 그리고 물질적 특성을 건축물이 최대한 수용할 수 있도록 하여 건축물 그 자체에 의한 장소성이 아니라 은유적으로 표현될 수 있는 내재되어 있는 속성으로서의 장소성을 구현한다는 의미를 갖는다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.175-190
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• 1998

The formation of Chinese Town in Malacca of Malaysia and Singapore would explain that Chinese gradually played an important role of commerce and urban service according to the Western European advance to southeast Asia and the construction of colonial cities from the 16th century to 19th and massed residence in many cites of southeast Asia. Chinese was usually separated from the Western European by western colonial policy and city planning. Common architectural characteristics in Chinese towns of Malaysia can refer to the transmission of the Chinese architectural material, the combination of dwelling and commerce in a house and the space organization centered on a court or an air well in the narrow and long site, lying adjacent to street etc. The Chinese dwellings in Malaysia rooted with Chinese settlement in southeast Asia. The Chinese dwellings was not always a shop on 1th floor and a dwelling on 2nd floor before the 19th century. But as Chinese immigration and commercial activity progressed in earnest in the early of 19th century, the row house of Chinese for dwelling was autonomously changed to two functional shophouse for dwelling and commerce. Chinese row house can refer to the use of Malay regional material, change of symmetrical Chinese traditional housing type by the narrow and long site and the tendency of the eclectic elevation of Western and China. Another architectural characteristics of the shophouse is an appearance of the continuous verandah with a cover regulated by Stamford Raffles in Singapore. This regulation was applied to architecture in Chinese Town as Stamford Raffles constructed Singapore. It was spread to South China reversely and became the regulation of streetscape for the modern city. Shophouse of Chinese towns in Southeast Asia and south China can be understood by context of Chinese immigration, colonialism, housing type of commerce and dwelling and the Western European city planning.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

Ultrasound and Surfactant aided soil washing process has been shown to be an effective method to remove diesel from soils. The use of surfactants can improve the mobility of diesel in soil-water systems by increasing solubility of adsorbed diesel into surfactant micelles. However, a large amount of surfactant is required for treatment. In addition, synthetic surfactants, specially anionic, are more toxic and the surfactant wastewater is hard to treat by conventional wastewater treatments even by AOPs. Ultrasound improves desorption of the diesel adsorbed on to soil. The mechanisms are based on physical breakage of bonds by hot spot, directly impact onto soil particle surface, the fragmentation of long-chain hydrocarbons by micro-jet and microstreaming in the soil pores. The use of ultrasound as an enhancement method in both anionic and nonionic surfactant aided soil-washing processes were studied. And all experiments were examined proceeded under CMC surfactant concentration, frequency 35 khz, power 400 W, Soil-water ratio 1:3(wt%), particle size 0.24 ~ 2mm and initial diesel concentration. 20,000 mg/kg. Combination with ultrasound showed significant enhancements on all the processes. Especially, nonionic surfactant Triton-X100 with ultrasound showed remarkable enhancements and diesel removal rate enhanced by ultrasound helps desorpting of surfactant adsorbed onto soils which prevented decreasing surfactant activity.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2011

This paper presents a novel approach for human activity recognition (HAR) using the joint angles from a 3D model of a human body. Unlike conventional approaches in which the joint angles are computed from inverse kinematic analysis of the optical marker positions captured with multiple cameras, our approach utilizes the body joint angles estimated directly from time-series activity images acquired with a single stereo camera by co-registering a 3D body model to the stereo information. The estimated joint-angle features are then mapped into codewords to generate discrete symbols for a hidden Markov model (HMM) of each activity. With these symbols, each activity is trained through the HMM, and later, all the trained HMMs are used for activity recognition. The performance of our joint-angle-based HAR has been compared to that of a conventional binary and depth silhouette-based HAR, producing significantly better results in the recognition rate, especially for the activities that are not discernible with the conventional approaches.