• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

Purpose: Due to recent increase on energy consumption for light in building, many studies to mitigate this issue have been conducted. Various researches have been carried out to suggest light shelf as one of the solutions, but researches for its reflectivity is very few. In fact, existing research on light shelf shows that utilizing more than 90% of high-illumination materials causes imbalance of glare and illuminance. Method: Therefore this research aimed to evaluate the performance of light shelves depending on reflectivity and to identify proper solution through test-bed. Result: The results are following: 1) Increased reflectivity generally contributed to increase of indoor illuminance but degrade uniformity factor related with indoor comfort of light environment. 2) The $0^{\circ}fixed$ light shelf with 75% of reflectivity and width of 300mm and 40mm appeared to consume more energy than other shelves. Therefore, it is analyzed as unsuitable. 3) This research was conducted by calculating appropriate angle of light shelf around winter and summer solstices and vernal/autumnal equinox. Based on this, performance evaluation was undertaken depending on reflectivity of movable light shelf, which is activated by external sources and can be applied with lower reflectivity than fixed shelf. However, one exception was a movable shelf with width of 600mm that increased light energy consumption when 75% of reflectivity was applied. 4) Performance evaluation of fixed and movable light shelf showed that the shelf with 80% of reflectivity came up with suitable results, but 75% of reflectivity may be applied depending on the width and angle of the shelf. This research is meaningful in that estimation of appropriate reflectivity of light shelf can resolve the glare problem and improve light environment, and further research would be desirable under more diverse conditions to identify proper solution.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Various studies on lighting energy savings are conducted, given that lighting energy consumption accounts 23.5% of building energy consumption. Especially, external type light shelf's efficiency is acknowledged; however, its application is limited in Korea, where high rise building ratio is high, due to high wind pressure. This study delves into natural lighting system to cope with wind pressure, and proposes the punching plate-installed light shelf. This study actually draws lighting energy output, according to whether the punching plate is applied through the test-bed, and verifies the effectiveness of the punching plate-installed light shelf. The conclusion is presented below: First) The result of performance evaluation of light shelf with the punching plate in winter solstice showed that the awning area decreased as the opening ratio increased so that the indoor distributed illumination tended to increase, and $-40^{\circ}$ which was advantageous for awning was determined as the proper angle. Second) The light shelf with the punching plate in spring/autumn equinox shows improved lighting according to the angle, and the appropriate angle of light shelf with the punching plate has increased to $15^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$ according to the opening ratio in comparison to $5^{\circ}C$ which is the appropriate angle of light shelf with no punching plate due to the reflection area reduced by the reflecting plate with holes. Third) The result of performance evaluation of light shelf with the punching plate in summer solstice showed that the lighting performance tended to decrease as the opening ratio increased. 4) The light shelf with the punching plate incurs a 50% energy loss in comparison to the light shelf with no punching plate. However, its effectiveness has been proven in the aspects that it can bring a 50% energy saving in comparison to the case with no installation of light shelf and that it can be designed in response to wind pressure on the high floors.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.2 s.6
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• pp.142-156
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• 1994

This paper aims to study on the periodical competition, the program, the jury organization, the reward, and copyright applied to the buildings which were constructed with architectural design competition performed in European and American region between 19c and 20c. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Befor 1900 Period, the type of buildings added to the competition program; between 1900 period and 1950 period, the works of strong nationality and rich local color were preferred; After 1950 period, the design drawings of high symbol and function were chosen 2. There are three types of design competitions: the open design competition, the invited and limited design competition, and the idea design competition. The open design competition has been most often made. 3. The juries were, most of all, composed of professional architects over 30 percent. 4. The program was written about building scale and appointments, described what form drawings, brief notes and air perspective wood have to be submitted. For instance, the use of colour was not permitted in the drawings, as this might possibly mislead the jurors. 5. The reward was given to the winners; the copyright was given to the first prize winner. 6. The standard of entry's qualification was mostly architect 7, Entry term was from a minimum month to a maximum year after annoncement of competition, it was approximetly 63% between 4 months and 8 months. I am convinced that architect gets freedom of pure creation and joy of society service through competition, architect justifies his profession and keep his useful and creative effort to society constantly, as long as the competition exists.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Purpose: Various studies on a light shelf are in progress, but it has the problem of glare occurrence. The present study suggested a diffusion film as the method for resolving the glare problem, and aimed to establish light shelf-related basic data by conducting the performance evaluation of a light shelf depending on the installation position of the diffusion film. Method: To carry out the light shelf performance evaluation depending on the diffusion film installation position, three cases were established: no diffusion film installation (Case 1), diffusion film installation on the reflector (Case 2), and diffusion film installation on the upper glass surface of the window for light shelf installation (Case 3); and the energy reduction performance, luminance, and luminance contrast were analyzed based on a testbed. Result: The conclusions of this study are as follows. 1) When the diffusion film was applied, the amount of light introduced through the light shelf decreased, and the average indoor illumination decreased accordingly. 2) For Case 3, the lighting energy reduction performance was identical to the lighting energy reduction efficiency of the existing light shelf; and for Case 2, it was found to be inappropriate as the lighting energy consumption increased compared to that of the existing light shelf. 3) The analysis of the glare for the cases established in this study showed that the luminance contrast was low for Case 3, and thus the glare problem could be minimized. 4) The specific angle of the light shelf could induce the glare problem by increasing the luminance depending on the external condition. 5) Based on the aforementioned contents, the installation position of the diffusion film for improving the lighting performance and glare problem of the light shelf was found to be the upper glass surface of the window for light shelf installation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2017

Purpose: Various studies have been performed to address the issue of increased energy use by buildings. In particular, research on complex envelopes that combines diverse envelope element techniques is currently in progress in the building sector. The present study aimed to develop an awning system using a light shelf, and to verify its validity through performance evaluation. Method: In the present study, a testbed was established for the performance evaluation of the awning system using a light shelf, and the uniformity ratio and lighting energy consumption were compared and analyzed relative to those with no awning and light shelf installation (Case 1), awning installation (Case 2), and light shelf installation (Case 3). Result: 1) In the present study, an awning system using a light shelf (Case 4) where an opening is made on the awning screen and natural light can be introduced through the light shelf located at the bottom was developed. 2) The optimum standard for Case 4 obtained through the performance evaluation was a 0.6m lighting length and a 2m extension length at a light shelf angle of $30^{\circ}$. 3) Case 4 with the optimum standard had a 5.5% lower uniformity ratio than Case 2, but had a higher uniformity ratio than Case 1 and Case 3. 4) Case 4 with the optimum standard showed 13.3%, 44.6%, and 0%~8.7% lighting energy reductions compared to Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. 5) Based on the above results, Case 4 suggested in the present study was found to be effective for indoor light environment improvement and lighting energy reduction.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.247-256
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• 2014

The regulations to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in building sectors are being developed and promoted all over the world. However, in Korea, as balcony extension of the apartments has been legally allowed, it became prevalent and resulted in excessive energy consumption. This study derived the possibility of PCM application to the thermal storage wall system through theoretical consideration and investigated the problems occurring when the balcony space has been extended to the diverted space. In addition, this study aims at the possibility of verifying the installation and confirming the cooling energy reduction effect, by conducting measuring tests with the actual installation of PCM applied thermal storage wall system. As a result of theoretical consideration, it is determined that the disadvantages with the existing thermal storage wall system can be complemented by applying PCM, and this study suggests the PCM applied Thermal Storage Wall System. The study was conducted on 1/6 of a miniature inner room of a domestic apartment with 84 $m^2$ of exclusive area. From the results of actual measurements, it is confirmed that the balcony extension structure can gain 11.3% of more calories than the existing balcony structure, resulting in the increase in cooling energy usage. It is determined that the installation of the PCM applied Thermal Storage Wall System may gain 25.2% of less calories to reduce cooling energy usage.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2014

Purpose: The number of the transportation poor has been steadily increased, and also the social perspective toward the disabled has been changed. Thus, Universal Design has been needed. In particular, the unknown majority of the transportation poor have frequently used the urban railway facilities which should reflect the ideals and principles of Universal Design. However, previous research has not focused on the study on critical factors of Universal Design. Based on this observation, the present study aims to find out Universal Design critical factors of urban railway station. Methods: This study explores the criteria of planning Universal Design in the urban railway station by analyzing and comparing the similar criteria used in both domestic areas and foreign countries. Result: Findings from this study are as follows. First, we found out the critical factors of Universal Design in the urban railway station by comparing and analyzing the similar criteria previously used. Second, this study also suggests the better directions toward the domestic criteria relating to the urban railway system. Third, we found the need of the universal standard as well as individually corresponding strategy. Moreover, we found the need of preparing the critical factors for the physical environments as well as the human service. Implications: The further research on findings of the planning criteria will have been continued on the basis of findings of the present study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2022

The method of calculating the architectural design cost of the Korean Society of Architecture Policy considers the time spent during the design period. Therefore, faster design times can reduce design costs. As a result of a survey of students majoring in architecture, they felt tiredness from repeated floor plan drawings and difficulties in that there were many things to consider when floor plan drawing. In this paper, we implement a program that can automatically convert sketches into standardized floor plans during the architectural design process and a web app for user convenience. In the proposed method, when a user registers a sketch image through a web app, the program separates the space in the drawing through geometric shapes detection. Based on the dimensions and spatial information shown in the sketch, the outer and inner walls are displayed and the appropriate furniture is placed in the space. Through the proposed method, the design cost can be expected to be reduced by reducing the time of the drawing process in the architectural design stage, and 95.2% of architectural students expressed their intention to use the program.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

This study introduce a architectural design process by the changes of sustainable design guidelines in public project. First of all, this study examines existing integrated design process studies performed by Rhee & U.B.C. Also, this study examines sustainable guidelines which demanded by public building projects. Then, this study introduces sustainable design process using existing sustainable design process, and shows that how to operate and proceed integrated design to satisfy the sustainable guidelines in practice. The results of this study are as follows. (1) Since 2007, sustainable design guidelines of bidding projects have been highlighted. (2) In public buildings, energy saving is very important issue. Especially energy certification demands 1st degree(under $300kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$). (3) Inp ractice, integrated design team performed sustainable design using the sustainable design process to improve sustainable in public buildings.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Since 2002, Architecture Schools in Korea was changing long traditional architectural education system from 4 years generalized architectural engineering curriculum to 5 years professional architecture program. Until 2010, 76 architecture schools have changed their program to 5 years course which was focused to design studio education. It was a very rapid change and there was not much time develop their own system which could represent institutional identity, character of students and local environment. Korea joined as a regular member of Canberra Accord in 2010 and it is meaningful to compare Korean architecture program contents to another country education contents. US architecture programs were selected for this comparison study. The goals of this study are to create a comparable understanding the form of contents of Architectural Education in US and Korea and to verify the substantial equivalence of these systems. To achieve above goals, three public institutes of each country were selected and analyzed with general information, history, resources, curriculum and the matrix of Student Performance Criteria for quantitative comparison. For qualitative comparison education context of programs were analyzed with program missions, the way of advising, professional connection and distribution of faculty loads.