• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2001

The MIAB welding uses a rotating arc as its heat source and is known as an efficient method fur pipe butt welding. The arc is rotated around the weld line by the electro-magnetic force resulting from the interaction of arc current and magnetic field. The electro-magnetic force is affected by magnetic flux density, arc current, and arc length. Especially, the magnetic flux density is an important factor on arc rotation and weld quality. This paper presents a 2D finite element model for the analysis of magnetic flux density in the actual welding conditions. The magnetic flux density is mainly dependent on gap between two pipes, the position of coil from gap center, exciting current, and relative permeability. Thus, the relations between magnetic flux density and main factors were investigated through experiment and analysis. Experiments were performed for the steel pipes(48.1mm O.D and 2.0mm thickness). The analysis results of magnetic flux density reveal that it increases with increasing exciting current, increasing relative permeability, decreasing distance from gap center to coil, and decreasing gap size. It is considered that the results of this study can be used as important data on the design of coil system and MIAB welding system.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.240-240
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• 2011

The first neutral beam injector (NBI-1) has been developed for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak. A first long pulse ion source (LPIS-1) has been installed on the NBI-1 for an auxiliary heating and current drive of KSTAR core plasmas. Performance of ion and neutral beam extractions in the LPIS-1 was investigated initially on the KSTAR NBI-1 system, prior to the neutral beam injection into the main plasmas. The ion source consists of a JAEA magnetic bucket plasma generator with multi-pole cusp fields and a set of KAERI prototype-III tetrode accelerators with circular apertures. The inner volume of plasma generator and accelerator column in the LPIS-1 is approximately 123 liters. Final design requirements for the ion source were a 120 kV/ 65 A deuterium beam and a 300 s pulse length. The extraction of ion beams was initiated by the formation of arc plasmas in the LPIS-1, called as an arc-beam extraction method. A stable ion beam extraction of LPIS-1 has been achieved up to an 100 kV/42 A for a 4 s pulse length and an 80 kV/25 A for a 14 s pulse length. Optimum beam perveance of 1.21 microperv has been found at an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. Neutralization efficiency has been measured by using a water flow calorimetry (WFC) method of calorimeter and an operation of bending magnet. The full-energy species of ion beams have been detected by using the diagnostic method of optical multichannel analyzer (OMA). An arc efficiency of the LPIS was 0.6~1.1 A/kW depending on the operating conditions of arc discharge.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.48-57
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• 1996

The weldability of high purity aluminum-lithium binary alloys has been investigated using the Varestraint test. Autogenous GTAW (gas-tungsten-arc-welds) were run along specimens of different lithium concentration using three sets of welding parameters. Welding voltage was held constant at 10 volts. Welding current (70∼100 amps) and travel speed (23∼33 cm/min) were the parameter varied. Hot-tearing susceptibility varied with lithium content and exhibited a steep peak at 2.6 weight percent lithium. Depth of penetration increased with increasing heat input and lithium concentration. The susceptibility is influenced by the wettability of dendrites by the interdendritic eutectic liquid as well as the time available for back-Siting by eutectic liquid. The welding condition of welding current 70A and travel speed 23 cm/min was showed good resistance to cracking in aluminum-lithium alloys. Suggestions for improving weld cracking resistance are also provided.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

A cubic spline trajectory planner with arc-length parameter is formulated with estimation by summing up to the 3rd order in Taylor's expansion. The PVAJT motion planning is presented to reduce trajectory calculation time at every cycle time of servo control loop so that it is able to generate cubic spline trajectory in real time. This method can be used to more complex spline trajectory. Several case studies are executed with different values of cycle time and sampling time, and showed the advantages of the PVAJT motion planner. A DSP-based motion controller is designed to implement the PVAJT motion planning.

• Architectural research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2014

Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures is carried out by using Reissner-Mindlin (RM) shell finite element (FE). The brittle inelastic characteristic of concrete material is represented by using the elasto-plastic fracture (EPF) material model with the relevant material models such as cracking criteria, shear transfer model and tension stiffening model. In particular, assumed strains are introduced in the formulation of the present shell FE in order to avoid element deficiencies inherited in the standard RM shell FE. The arc-length control method is used to trace the full load-displacement path of reinforced concrete structures. Finally, four benchmark tests are carried out and numerical results are provided as future reference solutions produced by RM shell element with assumed strains.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.521-527
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• 1997

직경 6-7 mm, 길이 20-25 mm인 루비 단결정을 자체 제작한 FZHY1을 이용하여 xenon-arc type floating zone법으로 성장시켰다. 결정성장을 위한 하소 및 소결조건에 대해 조사했으며, 성장시에 성장속도와 회전속도 및 냉각속도를 제어 함으로써 최적 성장조건을 확립하였다. 측정한 투과율 데이터에서 $Cr^{3+}$의 available energy를 계산하였고, Laue 사진으로부터 결정의 성장방향이 [1010]방향임을 확인하였다. 성장된 결정의 wafer의 굴절율은 1.714, ${\Delta} n \le 0.003 으로써 광학적으로 균일하였다. 이 결정들은 693 nm의 파장과 중간상태의 에너지준위를 갖는 레이저 재료로 사용될 수 있었다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2021

The size of container ships is increasing to increase the cargo loading capacity. However, container ships are limited in terms of the hull longitudinal strength. To overcome this limitation, brittle crack arrest steel can be used. This study was aimed at examining the influence of the heat input on the welding procedures of flux cored arc welding and submerged arc welding. In the experiment, the crack tip opening displacement test, which pertains to a parameter of fracture mechanics, was performed, and a 3-point bending tester was adopted. Based on the results, the crack measurement method was presented, and the stress expansion coefficient value for the pre-fatigue crack length was derived according to the heat input after the pre-cracking length was measured. It was noted that the heat input affected the crack tip opening displacement of brittle crack arrest steel.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

본 논문은 조합하중을 받는 공간구조물의 안정경계를 파악하는 것이다. 구조물에 작용하는 독립된 여러 가지 하중벡터는 기본이 되는 하중 모드와 하중매개 변수를 이용하여 나타내고, 독립된 하중 매개변수에는 비례관계를 설정함으로서 하나의 하중변수에 의해 하중을 부여한다. 구조물의 좌굴하중 즉 임계점은 평형조건이 불안정이 되는 극한점과 분기점으로 분류되고, 가장 낮은 하중이 좌굴하중으로 정의된다. 본 논문에서는 기하학적 비선형 문제를 해석하기 위한 수치해석법으로는 호장법과 뉴턴-랩슨법을 이용하였으며, 본 해석을 통하여 안정경계를 파악함은 물론 좌굴모드 및 좌굴하중을 명확히 규명하였다.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 1996

본 논문의 목적은 단층래티스 돔의 안정해석 기법을 제안하고, 다양한 조건하에서 단층 래티스 돔이 갖는 좌굴특성을 규명하는데 있다. 기하학적 비선형 평형경로의 탐색 및 좌굴점 그리고 분기경로의 방향 등을 수직적으로 계산하기 위하여 호장법(Arc-Length Method)을 이용하였으며, 부재의 좌굴가능성을 판단하기 위하여 에너지밀도함수를 제안하였다. 강절점을 갖는 구조물의 거동 특성을 규명하기 위하여 3종류의 비선형 강성행렬을 유도하여 해석하였으며, semi-rigid절점을 갖는 구조물을 해석하기 위하여 스프링모델을 제안하고, 부재의 세장비, 반개각, 경계조건 및 다양한 하중조건을 파라메터로하여 좌굴특성을 규명하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.785-795
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• 1990

임의의 반경을 갖는 원통의 내곡면 및 외곡면 표면에 밀착하여 호형(弧形, arc array)으로 배열된 마이크로스트립 어레이 안테나의 원거리 복사패턴에 관하여 Fourier Transform을 이용하는 근사법을 제시한다. 실효개구면을 호의 끝점을 잇는 평면으로 정의하면, 곡면 안테나는 실효개구면 평면위에 위상이 다른 비주기 배열로 근사화될 수 있음을 보였으며, 평면형에 대하여 표준화된 실효개구면비가 1.0-0.9인 범위에서 근사법에 의한 해석이 타당함을 확인하였다. 실효개구면 배열에서 위상 변화는 곡면과 개구면 사이의 비선형적 경로차에 기인하는 것으로 해석하였으며, 특히 곡률 반경이 호의 길이보다 5배 이상일 때는 Fourier Transform Method에서 scale factor의 변화만으로 해석이 가능하였다. 근사법에 의한 계산 결과는 -40dB의 측정범위에서 좌표변화법 및 실험결과와 잘 일치하였으며, 근사법과 좌표변환법에 의한 계산에서 반전력각(half power angle)의 차이는 실효개구면비가 0.9이상에서 5'미만이었다.