• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

Background: Panax species are important herbal medicinal plants in the Araliaceae family. Recently, we reported the complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from seven Panax species, two (P. quinquefolius and P. trifolius) from North America and five (P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. vietnamensis, and P. stipuleanatus) from Asia. Methods: We conducted phylogenetic analysis of these chloroplast sequences with 12 other Araliaceae species and comprehensive comparative analysis among the seven Panax whole chloroplast genomes. Results: We identified 1,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in coding gene sequences, distributed among 72 of the 79 protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes of the seven Panax species. The other seven genes (including psaJ, psbN, rpl23, psbF, psbL, rps18, and rps7) were identical among the Panax species. We also discovered that 12 large chloroplast genome fragments were transferred into the mitochondrial genome based on sharing of more than 90% sequence similarity. The total size of transferred fragments was 60,331 bp, corresponding to approximately 38.6% of chloroplast genome. We developed 18 SNP markers from the chloroplast genic coding sequence regions that were not similar to regions in the mitochondrial genome. These markers included two or three species-specific markers for each species and can be used to authenticate all the seven Panax species from the others. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species elucidated their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships, and 18 species-specific markers were able to discriminate among these species, thereby furthering efforts to protect the ginseng industry from economically motivated adulteration.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1998

Seven triterpenoid saponins such as oleanolic acid 28-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ ester, hederagenin $28-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ ester, chikusetsusaponin IVa, udosaponin A, salsoloside C, udosaponins F and C were isolated from the aerial parts of Aralia continentalis, among which two $28-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ esters of oleanolic acid and hederagenin are isolated for the first tome from this plant. These results suggested that the chemical components of Korean Dokwhal are practically identical to those of japanese Udo supporting the chemotaxonomical point of view.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 1995

Six flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of Aralia continentalis. Their structures were characterized as kaempferol, quercetin, 6'-O-acetyl astragalin, astragalin, trifolin and hyperoside by chemical and spectroscopic evidences. This is the first isolation from this plant.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.376.2-377
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• 2002

Some of the dammarane-type saponins. ginsenosides of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) are now well established as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against a wide variety of aliments. Its various pharmacological and biological activities have been thoroughly reviewed (S. Shibata, 2001). The limited supply of the drug from the original source. the hairy root of the Panax ginseng promoted intense efforts to develop alternate sources and means of production. (omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.236-240
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• 2004

Acanthopanax species (Araliaceae) traditionally has been used as analgesics, stimulant of immune system, and replenishment of body functions. Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus is indigenous plant to Korea. The antioxidant activities of compounds from A divaricatus var. albeofructus were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay on human plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The triterpenoid and lignan constituents from this plant showed antioxidant activities and the lignan, l-sesamin exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity in Cu$^{2+}$ -induced LDL oxidation.n.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1992

The analgesic, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory actives of leaves of Hedera rhombea Bean were evaluated. The methanol and butanol fractions showed considerable analgesic activity, but no anticonvulsant activities. Anti-inflammatory activity was found in the methanol, butanol and ether fractions by carrageenin induced edema test.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2002

Six compounds were isolated from the fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus. Their structures were elucidated as (-)-sesamin, scoparone, protocatechuic acid, ursolic acid, hyperin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis. Among them, scoparone, ursolic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were isolated for the first time from Acanthopanax species.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 1976

New or noteworthy medicinal plants were found in Korea, such as 1. Magnolia sieboldii K. KOCH f. dupliflora $C_{HI}$ (Magnoliaceae) 2. Peucedanum insolens $K_{ITAGAWA}$ (Umbelliferae) 3. Panax japonicus C.A. $M_{EYER}$ (Araliaceae) 4. Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae) 5. Polygonum ellipticum $M_{IGO}$ (Polygonaceae).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-51
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• 1990

From tire root bark of Accnthopanax koreanum a new diterpene glycoside, mp $212{\sim}214^{\circ}$, was isolated. The structure was established as 15(R),16-dihydroxypimar-9(11)-ene-19-oic acid ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl ester (sumogaside) oil the basis of spectroscopic methods and chemical transformation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 1986

For the immunoassay of ginseng sapogenins, the ligands with which panaxadiol and panaxatriol could be determined together and separately were synthesized. For the total assay of panaxadiol and panaxatriol, panaxatriol-6-hemisuccinate was synthesized. For the separate assay, panaxadiol-3-hemisuccinate and panaxatriol-3-hemisuccinate were also synthesized.