• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
• /
• pp.152-152
• /
• 2003

The majority of the SKYBIO will be used in the treatment of water in food processing plants, swimming pools and cooling towers, in the manufacture fabric softeners in Australia. Most will eventually be released into domestic sewage system as a consequence of product use. The SKYBIO is not readily biodegradable (0% over 28 days), and is expected to have a low partition coefficient and high water solubility (285 g/L), all indicating that the material would be mobile in both aquatic and terrestrial compartment. The PEC/PNEC ratio for the aquatic environment is 56. This value is significantly greater than 1, indicating an immediate concern to the aquatic compartment. However as a consequence of it's cationic character, the SKYBIO will be expected to associate to negatively charged organic matter in soil and sediment.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.106-106
• /
• 2003

Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are acutely toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms in the presence of environmentally realistic intensities of solar ultraviolet radiation (SUVR). The phototoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs through photodynamic activation of PAH compounds. Oxygen molecules react as quenchers with excited triplet states of PAHs producing reactive oxygen species (ROS).(omitted)

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.592-597
• /
• 2008

Current water quality standard (WQS) in Korea is based on the protection of human health, not considering the protection of aquatic organisms. Most of chemicals can be toxic to ecological biota as well as human. Health of aquatic biota is closely related to the human health via food chain, therefore ecological risk based-WQS needs to be developed to protect the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we selected the 31 chemicals in the Project entitled 'Development of integrated methodology for evaluation of water environment'. The methodology for calculating water quality criteria was derived from the Australian and New Zealand processes for deriving guideline trigger value for aquatic ecosystem. The available ecotoxicity data were collected from US EPA's ECOTOXicology Database (ECOTOX), TOX-2000 Database, European Chemicals Bureau (ECB)'s International Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID) and Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)'s report 'Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC)'. The aquatic toxicity data for the Korean species were selected for risk assessment to reflect the Korean water environment. The monitoring values were calculated from the water quality monitoring data four main Korean rivers. We suggested the order of priorities of chemicals based on ecological risk assessment. We expect that these results can be useful information for establishing the WQS for the protection of aquatic ecosystem.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2013

The cladoceran Daphniamagna has been used as an aquatic test species in aquatic toxicology. To evaluate the aquatic toxicity of leachate from concrete, the immobilization of D. magna was observed after treatment of various concentrations of leachate specimens. Reliabilities of the culture condition and the experimental protocol for acute toxicity test were successfully achieved from the standard toxicity test. The leachates were prepared from the mixture of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and pozzolanic admixtures, Pulverised fuel ash (PFA), Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and GGBS containing loess. Acute toxicity test showed 100% immobilization of D. magna for OPC or PFA. The leachates from OPC or PFA had high pH 10 to 12. However, GGBS and GGBS containing loess showed less toxicity according to the concentrations. Especially, immobilization was not observed at the concentrations below 12.5% of GGBS containing loess. Also the range of pH for these specimens was 8 to 9. This suggested that the use of loess as the admixture in concrete may be useful to reduce eco-toxicity of leachates from concrete. This our study provided the harmfulness of the alkali leaching from concrete in aquatic environment and the usefulness of D. magna to evaluate the toxicity of leachates from concrete.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2004

Environmental risk assessment of cadmium compounds was conducted using national monitoring data of aquatic and terrestrial compartments of local area. Aquatic and terrestrial toxicities of cadmium compounds on algae, daphnid, fish, earthworm, springtails and other species were evaluated. The toxicity data evaluated in this study were mainly from ECOTOX database provided by US EPA. Assessment factors were determined according to the EU technical guidance document and/or OECD proposal. Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) values of aquatic and terrestrial toxicity were 25$\mu\textrm{g}$/L and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively and they were compared with cadmium exposure data of several local areas, which were used as Predicted exposure concentration(PEC) values. Most of the local area were found to be not risky. However, the risk values (PEC/NEC) of some metropolitan areas were greater than 1 when the most conservative PNEC value was applied.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2006

Embryotoxicity tests were performed in Daphnia magna to assess aquatic ecotoxicity of bisphenol A, a well known industrial compound showing estrogen-like activity in vivo, and to examine their effectiveness in the toxicological assessment. The whole embryonic developmental period was classified into 6 stages and developmental abnormality was checked to evaluate the embryotoxicity. In the present study, bisphenol A showed the ability to interfere with embryonic development, suggesting its antiecdysteroidal activity. The rates of mortality, delayed development, deformity and immobility all showed good concentration-response relationship, demonstrating their possibility as useful toxicological indices in daphnid embryotoxicity tests that have been rarely performed so far. It seemed favorable to the test sensitivity that embryos are removed from maternal daphnids around 7 hr after deposition from the ovaries to the brood chamber. These results suggest that daphnid embryotoxicity tests can be one of useful tools available for the assessment of ecotoxicity of various chemicals in the aquatic environment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제13권1_2호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 1998

Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias lalipes and Cyprinus carpio. 96h-LC$_{50}$ of cadmium was 6.38mg/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs (caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of C~lprinus carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.274-284
• /
• 1997

농경지로부터 농약의 유출은 수생태계 뿐만 아니라 사람에게도 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로, 유출될 수 있는 농약의 양에 대한 연구와 수생태계에 유입되어 환경생물에 영향을 미칠 가능성을 평가하는 환경독성학적 연구, 인체위해성에 대한 연구가 절실한 상황이다. 그러나 유출에 관여하는 요인이 너무 다양하여 단편적인 자료만으로 농약의 유출을 예측하기 어렵기 때문에 명확한 연구지침이 확립되어 있지 않으며, 국내에서도 연구가 적극적으로 시도되지 않고 있다. 따라서 농약의 유출에 대한 전반적인 연구사례 및 방법등에 대해 자연포장에서의 유출연구, 인공강우 모의포장을 이용한 유출연구, 그리고 computer 모델을 사용한 유출연구등 다양한 측면에서 고찰하여 보았다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2012

내분비계교란물질이 수서생물에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 미꾸리를 저농도의 methomyl에 21일 동안 노출시켜 생물지표 및 내분비계 영향을 평가하였다. 내분비계교란물질에 대한 노출을 입증하기 위해 널리 이용되는 생물지표인 vitellogenin(VTG)은 21일 동안 0.4 mg/L와 2 mg/L methomyl에 노출된 수컷과 0.08 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 2 mg/L의 methomyl에 노출된 암컷에서 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가하여(p<0.05), methomyl의 수생태계 생물에 대한 내분비계교란 가능성을 확인하였다. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) 시험 및 comet assay에서는 methomyl에 노출시킨 미꾸리로부터 AChE 활성 저해와 DNA 손상을 확인한 반면, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD) 활성에 대한 대조군과 처리군의 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 개체수준의 생물지표인 condition factor(CF), 간중량지수(hepato-somatic index, HSI), 생식소중량지수(gonado-somatic index, GSI)는 methomyl 노출에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 현재의 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, methomyl의 수서생물에 대한 내분비계교란 가능성 및 생화학적 생물지표에 대한 영향을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국양식학회 2001년도 추계 한국양식학회 학술대회
• /
• pp.229-230
• /
• 2001