• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.282-293
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 2009-2019년 기간 동안 대전시 외곽의 도심개발에 따른 인근 하천(관평천)의 상류, 중류, 하류의 구간에서 4회 조사(2009, 2010, 2016, 2019)를 통해 이화학적 수질, 어류 종 조성, 생태 건강성 특성에 대해 장기간 변화추이를 분석하였다. 본 하천지역에서 도심개발은 2008년에 이루어졌고, 2012년에는 하천복원사업이 수행되어 하천복원 전과 후의 특성변화 추이를 모니터링 하였다. 하천 생태건강도 평가를 위해 군집수준의 어류평가지수(Fish Assessment Index, FAI)를 이용하였고, 어류의 기관(Organ) 수준에서 해부학적 건강도(Necropsy-based Health Assessment Index, HAI) 분석을 실시하였다. 이화학적 수질 분석에서는 중류(St. 2)에서 가장 낮은 탁도와 엽록소(Chl-a)가 측정되었다. 이는 빠른 유속에 의한 물리적 요인 때문으로 나타났다. 어류 조사에서는 총 18종이 채집되었고, 피라미(Zacco platypus)가 가장 우점 하는 종(40.6%)으로 나타났다. 하천복원 직후(2016)에는 민감종(Sensitive species)과 충식종(Insectivore species)이 우점, 종 다양도 및 종 풍부도 지수 상승, 생태건강도 지수(FAI)가 상승하여 생태 건강도는 "최상상태(A: 87.5)"로 나타났으나 가장 최근 조사인 2019년에는 전 기간에 비해 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 기관(Organ) 분석에 의거한 해부학적 건강도 지수(HAI) 분석에 따르면, 피부손상(Skin)은 상류에서, 신장 손상(Kidney)은 하류 역에서 나타났고, 간(Liver)과 아가미(Gill)의 손상은 모든 지점에서 나타나 해부학적 측면의 건강도에서도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지질공학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2006

탁수를 유발하는 점토물질들은 물환경에서 유기오염원들과의 결합하거나 입자들의 침강성을 나쁘게 하여 수중 생태계에 심각한 악영향을 초래한다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 수생생태계에서 일차 생산자로서 중요한 역할을 하는 조류의 성장에 미치는 점토의 영향을 평가하였다. 카오리나이트, 세리사이트 및 몬모릴로나이트 등과 같은 무기점토가 조류성장저해에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 무영향 농도를 산출하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 카오리나이트와 세리사이트의 경우, $72hr-EC_{50}$는 각각 2,752 mg/L과 2,775 mg/L 이었으며, (2) 몬모릴로나이트의 경우에는 대조군과 유사한 $72hr-EC_{50}$을 나타내었다. (3) 한편, UV 가시광선의 투과율을 조사한 결과 투과율이 증가할수록 조류의 증식이 증가하는 결과로부터 가시광선의 투과율은 조류증식에 있어 매우 중요한 인자임을 밝혔다. (4) 따라서 조류성장저해 정도를 이용하여 점토 탁수가 수생태에 미치는 영향을 간접적으로 평가할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.185-200
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• 2022

수환경 내 다양한 유해물질의 위해성에 대한 관심은 환경 매체 내 물질의 농도뿐만 아니라 복잡한 먹이단계를 통한 어류 체내의 축적과 어류를 통한 인체 위해성으로 이어진다. 국내의 경우 2016년 이후 생활에서 사용되고 있는 화학제품(생활화학제품) 기인 위해 우려물질의 관리를 위한 등록과 평가 등에 관한 법률 개정과 함께 이들 물질의 환경 배출이 주목받게 됨에 따라 수생태계 내 잔류여부에 대한 조사도 수행되기 시작했다. 최근에는 이러한 물질의 관리를 위한 생태계 내 분포 조사 및 배출 계수 산정을 위한 연구사업이 수행되고 있는데 해당 연구 사업에서는 세정제, 접착제, 염색제, 방향제 등을 비롯한 화장품이나 세제 등에 포함되는 성분과 살균·소독제를 대상으로 영양단계 내 축적과 전달을 이해하기 위한 물질의 축적과 확대를 포함한다. 본 논문은 최근 발표된 생활화학제품기인 유해물질의 수환경 유입 및 분포에 대한 연구 결과를 정리하고 그 과학적 의미를 제시하며 또한 국내외 수행되고 있는 수환경 모니터링 기법에 대한 연구의 예를 바탕으로 현재 유해화학물질의 수환경 내 잔류 농도 및 분포, 생태계 모니터링을 위한 연구의 방향을 제안하고자 한다. 특히 어류를 대상으로 하는 조사에서 국내 수역에 서식하는 주요 어류조사 및 이를 바탕으로 한 대상 어류 선정의 필요성과 인체 위해성 연구의 필요성 등 시기적으로 요구되는 연구를 위한 영양단계 해석과 생물확대계수 연구의 방향을 소개하며 향후 국내에서 수행되고 있는 생물상 모니터링과 화학물질 연구에 대한 제언을 포함한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.506-519
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• 1996

The water quality in the rural areas is degrading due to a variety of causes such as the increase of the urban sewage and industrial wastes, the disposal of solid wastes, the growth of livestock waste, the growth of leisure facilities, the establishment of agricultural industry estates and etc. The water pollutants are scarce while the effluent is increasing from wide scattered sources. The technology specifically designed for the rural wastes water treatment plant needs to be implemented with improvement of agricultural water quality. 1. An integrated management measures against water pollution sources. The prevention of water pollution is the best measures in the environmental pollution. Hence, the most effective measures needs to be against the sources. Small-scale water treatment plants needs to be constructed in each village in the rural areas. As for the industrial effluent, the effluent discharge needs to be strictly monitored. Government subsidy for the establishment of treatment plant for livestock wastes is necessary. 2. The establishment of national-wide network for agricultural water quality. The network for agricultural water quality have been operated to conserve the agricultural water quality, and to develop management policies by the assessment of water pollution in the rural areas. The results of agricultural water quality network indicates that the water quality is degrading not only around urban areas but also in the distant rural areas, and the water quality at the pumping stations and weirs is worse than that of reservoirs. 3. The legal, systematic, and technical approaches for the agricultural water quality management. The actions currently implemented for the improvement of agricultural water quality involve temporary measures such as the improvement of irrigation facilities. These contingency measures are not effective in the long-term, and sometimes bring secondary pollution. Therefore, integrated measures covering the whole water environment such as the flow, quality, river morphology, aquatic ecosystem, and the surrounding environment, need be invented and implemented. Besides, the legal, systematic, and technical frameworks for the management are not fully established so far. The technology for the treatment of rural water pollution should be refined afterwards, and the research for the development of rural waste water treatment plant should be carried out.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.934-942
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• 2010

Bentic macroinvertebrate and fish fauna were investigated from September 2008 to October 2009 in the middle reach of the Suyoung river in Busan. During the survey period benthic macroinvertebrates were collected total 35 species at the three sites (Hanmul-gyo, Dongcheon-gyo, Seokdae Jct.) of Suyoung river. At that sites, species diversity index was 1.9, 1.5, 1.6, dominance index was 0.75, 0.81, 0.86 and Korean Saprobic Index (KSI) was 1.8(B), 4.4(D), 4.4(D) on average, respectively. Dominant species was Caenis Kua, Chironomidae sp., at Hanmul-gyo site and Limnodrilus gotoi, Chironomidae sp., at Dongcheon-gyo and Seokdae Jct. sites. Fish fauna was also investigated at the two sites (Hanmul-gyo and Seokdae Jct.) of Suyoung river. Total caught fishes were 10 species 32 individuals in the first survey and 6 species 26 individuals in the second survey. Dominant species was Carassius auratus in the both surveys. Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) value was C grade at the Hanmul-gyo and D grade at the Seokdae Jct.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.27-27
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• 2003

Lake Texoma is located on the border of southern Oklahoma and northern Texas. It has 93,000 surface acres, and is a focus of the recreation, and farming industries in the region. There are potential stressors around the Lake Texoma watershed that may cause adverse ecological effects in the lake. System assimilative capacity (SAC) is the ability of abiotic and biotic processes to atteuniate the stressors. SAC Exceeded indicates potential of occuring adverse eco-effects. A number of representative chemical release sites and stressor sources in the surrounding watershed were characterized, and several impact sites having stressors sources, such as being near agriculture, landfills, housing areas, oil production fields and heavy use recreational activity, were selected for surface water, sediment, and groundwater monitoring. A paired reference site, having similar physical characteristics as its impact site, was also chosen based on its proximity to the impact site. Lake water samples were collected at locations identified as marina entrance, gasoline filling station, and boat dock at five marinas selected on Lake Texoma from September 1999 to December 2001. Paired water and sediment samples were also collected. Groundwater samples were collected at about 70 producing monitoring wells. Water quality parameters measured were inorganics (nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, ammonia, sulfate, and chloride), dissolved methane, total organic carbon (TOC) (or DOC), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and BTEX, and a suite of metals. Biotic communities were evaluated at impact and reference sites. Five basic components were measured; two terrestirial components (plants and bird comminitires) and three aquatic components (benthic inverbrates, litteral-zone fishes, ecosystem attribures). Potential impacts to these comminites were evaluated.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

Nowadays, the importance of non-point source pollution treatment is being emphasized. Especially, the easy runoff characteristic of highly concentrated pollutants in the roads makes the circumstance more complicated due to impermeability of roads. When the pollutants flow into steam it could make water quality in stream worse and it also causes a bad influence in the aquatic ecosystem because the effluents of rainfall-runoff may contain indecomposable materials like oil and heavy metals. Therefore, we tried to figure out the property of non-point source pollution when it is raining and carried out an assessment for the property of runoff for non-point source pollution and EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) of the essential pollutants during this study. As the result of the study, the EMC was BOD 5.2~21.7 mg/L, COD 7.5~35.4 mg/L, TSS 71.5~466.1 mg/L, T-N 0.682~1.789 mg/L and T-P 0.174~0.378 mg/L, respectively. The decreasing rate of non-point pollutant in Chungyang-Hongsung road indicates the maximum decrease of 80% until 5 mm of rainfall based on SS concentration; by the rainy time within 20~30 minutes, the decreasing rate of SS concentration was shown as 88.0~97.6%. Therefore it was concluded that it seems to be possibly control non-point pollutants if we install equipments to treat non-point pollutants with holding capacity of 30 min. It is supposed that the result of this study could be used for non-point pollutants treatment of roads in Chungyang-Hongsung area. We also want to systematically study and consistently prepare the efficient management of runoff from non-point source pollution and pollutant loading because the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff changes depending on different characteristics and situations of roads and rainfall.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3114-3119
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• 2013

망그로브 생태계는 수생태계로 유입되는 중금속을 받아들이는 기능을 가지고 있다. 중금속에 오염된 퇴적물에 노출됨에도 불구하고 망그로브는 중금속에 내성을 가지고 있다. 이 연구에서 우리는 망그로브로부터 중금속 저항성 관련 유전자를 클로닝하고, 중금속 노출에 유전자 발현 변화를 분석하였다. 미크로네시아 축라군의 웨노섬에서 채취한 Rhizophora stylosa의 잎과 뿌리조직으로부터 CTAB 방법을 이용하여 RNA를 분리하였고, gene specific primers를 이용하여 phytochelatin synthase 1(PCS1) 유전자를 클로닝하였다. R. stylosa 태생종자를 100 ppb의 Cd과 10 ppb의 Cu에 노출하였을 때 각각 1.91배 및 2.72배 발현이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 PCS1 유전자의 발현분석이 망그로브 생태계의 건강성을 평가하기 위한 좋은 도구가 될 수 있음을 나타낸다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2007

The acute and chronic toxicity of ambient and effluent water discharged to Lake Shihwa were investigated by using Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes. Physicochemical characteristics including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nine heavy metals in a total of 15 water samples were evaluated and were satisfied with relevant Korean Water Quality Standards (KWQS) except for Hg in one sample. Acute toxicity was observed in five samples collected from three sampling locations. When impacts on reproduction and growth after chronic exposure were evaluated with D. magna, all the samples showed significant chronic effects. Reproduction appeared relatively more sensitive endpoint. In 21 days chronic tests on O. latipes, survival, mean egg number per female per day, hatching success rate and time to hatch were affected by increasing sample concentration. The organ-level changes such as gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI), and molecular biomarker of vitellogenin (Vtg) induction that evaluated with O. latipes increased as exposure concentrations increased. It is noteworthy that the samples that did not exceed the KWQS resulted in acute and chronic toxicities. The results suggested that numeric criteria based on physicochemical parameters may not be protective of aquatic ecosystem. Acute and chronic toxicity tests with organisms representing different trophic groups should be supplemented in order to provide adequate level of environmental protection.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.188-188
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• 2016

The Mekong which is one of the world's most significant rivers plays an extremely important role to South East Asia. Lying across six riparian countries including China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam and being a greatly biological and ecological diversity of fishes, the river supports a huge population who living along Mekong Basin River. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the giant Mekong Basin River, particularly, the soil erosion and sedimentation problems which rise critical impacts on irrigation, agriculture, navigation, fisheries and aquatic ecosystem. In fact, there have been many methods to calculate these problems; however, in the case of Mekong, the available data have significant limitations because of large area (about 795 00 km2) and a failure by management agencies to analyze and publish of developing countries in Mekong Basin River. As a result, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model in a GIS (Geographic Information System) framework was applied in this study. The USLE factors contain the rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length, steepness, crop management and conservation practices which are represented by raster layers in GIS environment. In the final step, these factors were multiplied together to estimate the soil erosion rate in the study area by using spatial analyst tool in the ArcGIS 10.2 software. The spatial distribution of soil loss result will be used to support river basin management to find the subtainable management practices by showing the position and amount of soil erosion and sediment load in the dangerous areas during the selected 56- year period from 1952 to 2007.