• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.846-858
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to help domestic aquaculture farm by improved evaluation method. First, We analyzed evaluation method of domestic aquaculture certification, the greater retailer's supplier and global standard. Next, By using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), We found priority and importance between criteria of SQF(Safety Quality Food) standard which is appled to alternative model for aquaculture evaluation. As a result is presented as follows: regarding pairwise comparison between System Element module and Good Aquaculture Practice(GAP) module, GAP is recognized to be more important than System Element. The highest priority criteria is presented 'Purchase and Use of Medications, Aquaculture Feeds and Aquaculture Chemicals.' Next, 'Management commitment', 'Attaining Food Safety', 'Location and Layout of Structures and Vessels', 'Stock Identification and Traceability are recognized high position. This study has major implications for research into development of evaluation method.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.462-472
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• 2023

We investigated the physio-chemical and geochemical parameters in the spraying shellfish aquacultures (Yeoja and Gangjin Bay) to establish the systematic strategy for effective environmental management. Spatial variation of each parameter showed partially significant difference (P<0.05) between Yeoja and Ganjin Bay, inferring the discriminative progress (i.e., accumulation and degradation) of the autochthonous organic matter within the aquaculture environments. We additionally integrated various properties (e.g., water/sediment quality, natural hazard, and biological health) which may affect the biological growth within the aquaculture habitats based on the biogeochemical cycles related to environmental components and aquaculture species. We used a screening approach (i.e., one out-all out; OOAO) which can permit the assessment of the health levels of aquaculture species, the scoring for other parameters (seawater, sediment, and natural hazard) as three levels (excellent, moderate and poor) depending on the complex interactive properties occurring in the aquaculture environments. Actual, discriminative scores obtained via our case studies may confirm that these stepwise processes are effectively evaluated for optimal health conditions within the aquaculture habitats. Thus, this approach may provide valuable insights for effective environmental management and sustainable growth of aquaculture operation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2015

This study was designed to evaluate the sanitary characteristics of sea water in a part of the south coast, Korea and to check the seawater which is in compliance with the recommended bacteriological criteria for shellfish cultivation. The samples of sea water were collected at 14 sampling stations established in the survey area between March 2014 and October 2014. Food poisoning caused by seafood consumption is often associated with pathogenic microorganisms originated from fecal contamination. Therefore, fecal coliform is very important criteria for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. The range of geometric mean (GM) and the estimated 90th percentile values of total coliform were 4.1~83.1 MPN/100 mL, and 11.7~834.1 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The GM and the estimated 90th percentile values of fecal coliform were 2.5~22.7 MPN/100 mL and 2.5~170.0 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Therefore, the bacteriological safety of seawater at this shellfish-growing area met with the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) criteria for a growing area. However, the values are seasonally exceed the KSSP criteria, suggesting that the monitoring and evaluation of seawater quality is very important in shellfish-growing area.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2017

Sanitary evaluation of seawater and Pyropia sp. laver collected from the five major laver growing areas in Korea was performed four times over the course of a year. The seawater quality in four of these five areas was regarded as the clean area according to Korean criteria, but the seawater at one investigation site in Seoheon area was found to exceed the standard for fecal coliform. In the bacteriological safety analysis of laver (raw source), the percentages of samples not conforming to Chinese criteria at the five sites were 55.6% (Seocheon), 70.0% (Shinan), 81.8% [Jindo (Haenam)], 63.6% (Wando), and 28.6% [Goheung (Jangheung)]. Pathogenic bacteria were not detected in all laver samples. The food safety of laver (raw source) based on heavy metal concentration was confirmed using Korean criteria; the concentrations of heavy metals in laver samples collected from the major laver growing areas were 0.008-0.632 mg/kg wet weight (ww) lead, 0.024-0.137 mg/kg ww cadmium, 0.908-2.892 mg/kg ww total arsenic, and 0.003-0.013 mg/kg ww total mercury. Therefore, pollution source management and periodic monitoring of heavy metals may be required to improve the food safety of laver produced in these laver growing areas.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1646-1655
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• 2015

Korean government has issued the ratings standard for disease control of aquaculture farms according to the Aquatic Life Disease Control Act in 2008. There are five rating criteria within the enforcement regulations; period of disease free, performance of disinfection, environmental and hygienic management, keeping record of trade and sales, completion of education for disease control. There are no application has been applied on the basis of the rating criteria so far because detailed subcriteria and scoring indicators has not established for assessment process. In order to apply the ratings standard for disease control, we set up the subcriteria and new scoring for rating disease control level based on legal criteria in this study. This study was conducted on 90 targeted olive flounder farms in Jeju. The result of disease control level assessment on olive flounder aquaculture farms show the overall average of Jeju-do was 72.9 points and differed depending on the district; 74.7 in Jeju-si and 71.1 in Seogwipo-si, respectively. The Spearman correlation of each evaluation index show the disease control level score was correlated highly with the performance of disinfection(R=0.715, p<0.01), and environmental and hygienic management(R=0.661, p<0.01). The result of correlation analysis show that there is the highest correlation between the aquaculture farm status and the total mortality(R= -0.618, p<0.01). The reliability of the results are considered to be accurate in the Cronbach's alpha value of 0.727.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.449-455
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• 2009

In Hansan Geojeman area, 2,050 ha of shellfish growing area has been designated as shellfish production area for export. The main shellfish species from the designated area is oysters. For the sanitary management of the designated area established in Hansan Geojeman area, bacteriological examination of sea water and shellfish at the sampling stations inside and outside of the designated area were performed from January 2006 to December 2008. The range of fecal coliform of 756 sea water samples at 21 stations located in the designated area were <1.8~>1,600 MPN/100mL. And the range of geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile of fecal coliform were 1.8~2.9 and 2.7~15.8 MPN/100mL, respectively. Sanitary conditions of the current designated area in Hansan Geojeman meets the required standards of the Fisheries Product Quality Control and National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP, USA) criteria for the approved area. Also, the sanitary status of the shellfish harvested from the designated area met the Korean Shellfish Sanitation Program (KSSP) fecal coliform criterion (<230 MPN/100g). And the human pathogen such as Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were not detected from the examined shellfish samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

Oyster production is playing an important role in domestic aquaculture, but facing some problems such as exports decrease, a slowdown in domestic demand and marine environmental deterioration. In order to obtain the suitable and sustainable oyster production, suitable sites selection is an important step in oyster aquaculture. This study was conducted to identify the suitable sites for lunging culture of oyster using Geographic Information System(GIS)-based multi-criteria evaluation methods. Most of the parameters were extracted by Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) methods in GIS and eight parameters were grouped into two basic sub-models for oyster aquaculture, namely oyster growth sub-model(Sea Temperature, Salinity, Hydrodynamics, Chlorophyll-a) and environment sub-model(Bottom DO, TOC, Sediment AVS, Benthic Diversity). Suitability scores were ranked on a scale from 1(leased suitable) and 8(most suitable), and about 80.1% of the total potential area had the highest scores 5 and 6. These areas were shown to have the optimum condition for oyster culture in GeojeHansan Bay. This method to identify suitable sites for oyster culture may be used to develop bivalve culture management system for supporting a decision making.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-137
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the economic evaluation of the newly developed fish meal analog (BAIFA-M) in Korean rockfish feed. A raw fish feed (MP) and two commercially formulated diets (EP) were employed to compare weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) from the sea cage culture system. By using the economic model in the practical sea cage culture system, feed cost, production cost and gross profit per kg production, rate of profit to gross revenue (RPGR), and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated based upon the results of the experiment and the information of the private aquaculture farm (Young Chang) in Tong young, Korean. IRR criteria is one of the popular economic feasibility analysis methods applicable far aquaculture industry. This is an economic evaluation method to compare the given interest rate or the discount rate with IRR which can be calculated by the difference between the present value of the benefit stream and of the cost stream. The benefits of using EP on WG, FCR, SR, and production cost will be emphasized in this study. Fish averaging 20$\pm$3.6g (Mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed in each small cage (6m$\times$6m) as groups of 2,000 fish. By using 3 large size cages (12m$\times$12m), 12 small cages were constructed, and only 9 small cages were employed for three replicates of each diet treatment. To compare with MP diet, two sinking EP diets were designed by our laboratory and produced by the local feed company who wanted to promote these EP diets for the mass cage culture of Korean rockfish in the future. Two EP diets contain white fish meal and/or BAIFA-M as the main animal protein sources : WFM diet, maximum 43% of white fish meal : BAIEA- M diet, 30% of white fish meal nab replaced by BAIFA- M from WFM diet. Results are summarized in Table 1. Fish fed MP diet showed significantly lower SR than does fish fed two EP diets(P<0.05). However, there Were no significant difference on FCR among fish fed three practical diets. Table 1. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR), accumulative average survival rate (SR) and economic evaluation data far three practical diets. As we expected, BAIFA-M diet is more economical than WFM diet as well as MP diet. Feed cost and production cost per kg production from BAIEA - M diet were lower than those from WFM and MP diets. Moreover, gross profit per Kg production, RPGR and IRR from BAIFA- M diet were higher than those from WFM and MP diets. This economic evaluation study clearly indicated that MP diet should be replaced by the commerical formulated EP diets as soon as possible in the near future because MP diet is not economical in the practical sea cage culture system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2008

The seawater in the Taean area was surveyed to evaluate the conditions of the bay and compliance with the bacteriological criteria for a designated area for shellfish production for export. Samples of seawater were collected monthly at 34 sampling stations established in the survey area from January 2002 to December 2004. The bacterial density in the coastal area close to a pollution source located to the northeast of the survey area was higher than in the open sea to the west. The bacteriological counts in the water did not change with 16.5mm of rainfall, but increased abruptly after 65.4mm of rainfall. The total coliform and fecal coliform most probable numbers (MPNs) of 1,224 seawater samples in the survey area were <1.8-2,400 and <1.8-790 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The geometric mean and estimated 90th percentile of total coliforms were 1.9-3.4 and 2.7-26.3 MPN/100mL, respectively, and for fecal coliforms were <1.8-2.6 and 1.8-12.0 MPN/100mL, respectively. The bacteriological water quality in the Taean seawater area met the National Shellfish Sanitation Program criteria for an approved area and the Korea Shellfish Sanitation Program criteria for a designated area for shellfish production for export.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

A Sanitary survey in an Important shellfish-growing area of Biin Bay in Seocheon-gun Korea, was conducted to evaluate bay conditions and compliance with the bacteriological criteria for areas designated for the production of shellfish for export. Seawater samples were collected monthly at 55 sampling stations established in the survey area from January 2006 to December 2008. Bacteriological water quality did not change in response to a small rainfall (10.0 mm), but it increased abruptly in response to rainfall to 62.5 mm The most probable number (MPN) value for total coliforms and fecal coliforms in 1, 980 seawater samples ranged from <1.8 to >1, 600 MPN/100mL and from <1.8 to 330 MPN/100mL, respectively. The geometric mean and estimated $90^{th}$ percentile value for total coliforms ranged from 2.0 to 10.3 MPN/100mL and from 7.0 to 42.6 MPN/100mL respectively. The geometric mean and estimated percentile value for fecal coliforms ranged from 1.8 to 4.0 MPN/100mL and from 1.9 to 18.3 MPN/100mL, respectively. Accordingly, the bacteriological water quality of Biin Bay met the National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) and Korea Shel1fish Sanitation Program(KSSP) criteria for areas designated for shellfish production for export in Korea.