• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 1999.06a
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 1999

The turbo code appropriate to IMT-2000 is known to have a good performance whenever the size of frame increases. But it is not appropriate to a sort of video service to need real time because of decoding complexity and long delay time by the size of frame. Therefore this paper proposes decoding decision algorithm of short frame in which soft output is weighted according to iteration number in turbo decoder. Performance of the proposed algorithm is analysed in the AWGN channel when short length of frame is 100, 256, 640. As the result. it is appeared that the proposed decoding decision algorithm has improved in BER other than in the existing MAP decoding algorithm.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 1992

Up to the present, the operating time has been studied on only a single aircraft attacking a single target or multiple targets under enemy threats. This study is to determine optimal operating time and appropriate size of aircrafts attacking multiple targets. Measures of mission effectiveness is defined through derivation of the probability of the various events associated with operating. By using these measures, the expected benefit of operating and the expected cost of operating are generated as a function of time. To formulate operating time determination model, the expected gain of operating is defined as the difference between the expected benefit of operating and the expected cost of operating. The model can be used to determine optimal operating time which maximizes the expected gain of operating, and can be used as the basis for determining the appropriate size of aircrafts.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to set up a appropriate portion by consumed size of food in industry food-service operation. The results were summarized as follows: 51.7% of the subjects were 30 to 39 years old 83.3% of them had highschool education. They represented that taste of food intake. Individual consumption sizes for physical workers in the industry foodservice were cooked rices 238g soups 212g pot stewes 230g stir fries 40g stewes 60g fresh and boiled salad 42g kimchies 51g one course dishies 406g grills 51g meunieres 47g. Properly portioned meal sizes for physical workers based on a statistical data showed cooked rices 240∼270g soups 270g pot stewes 310g stir fries 60g stewes 75g fresh and boiled salads 76g kimchies 67g one course dishies 470g grills 80g and meunieres 50g in the foodservice industry.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.449-456
• /
• 2021

Impatience characteristics are an important factor to be considered in the defense field, which is sensitive to time, but there are not many cases applied. In addition, due to the difficulty of analysis that must consider various probabilistic factors (breakdown/maintenance distribution, impatience characteristics, etc.), military decision makers consider only simple data (number of occurrences per year, maintenance time, etc.) Therefore, in this study, a model capable of analyzing the performance of the emergency maintenance system for determining the appropriate size and organization of military and civilian maintenance personnel was presented in consideration of impatience characteristics and probabilistic factors. And through numerical analysis, the appropriate size of the military and civilian emergency maintenance teams was analyzed. This study is significant in that it can improve readiness of operational power and prevent waste of defense budget through efficient operation of the military's emergency maintenance system.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
• /
• s.13
• /
• pp.687-738
• /
• 2016

To prepare for the complicated international relationship regarding Korean Peninsula after reunification, this thesis started off with the awareness that Unified Korea should build its international posture and national security at an early stage by determining its appropriate military strength for independent defense and military strategies that Unified Korea should aim. The main theme of this thesis is 'The research on appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military'. To derive appropriate military strength of Unified Korea, this research focuses on conflict scenario and relative balance strategy based on potential threats posed by neighboring countries, and this is the part that differentiates this research from other researches. First of all, the main objective of the research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to secure defense sufficiency. For this, this research will decide efficient military strategy that Unified Korea should aim. Than by presuming the most possible military conflict scenario, this research will judge the most appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to overcome the dispute. Second, after deciding appropriate military strength, this research will suggest how to operate presumed military strength in each armed force. The result of this thesis is as in the following. First, Unified Korea should aim 'relative balance strategy'. 'Relative balance strategy' is a military strategy which Unified Korea can independently secure defense sufficiency by maintaining relative balance when conflicts occur between neighboring countries. This strategy deters conflicts in advance by relative balance of power in certain time and place. Even if conflict occurs inevitably, this strategy secures initiative. Second, when analyzing neighboring countries interest and strategic environment after unification, the possibility of all-out war will be low in the Korean Peninsula because no other nation wants the Korean Peninsula to be subordinated to one single country. Therefore appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military would be enough when Unified Korea can achieve relative balance in regional war or limited war. Third, Northeast Asia is a region where economic power and military strength is concentrated. Despite increasing mutual cooperation in the region, conflicts and competition to expand each countries influence is inherent. Japan is constantly enhancing their military strength as they aim for normal statehood. China is modernizing their military strength as they aspire to become global central nation. Russia is also enhancing their military strength in order to hold on to their past glory of Soviet Union as a world power. As a result, both in quality and quantity, the gap between military strength of Unified Korea and each neighboring countries is enlarged at an alarming rate. Especially in the field of air-sea power, arms race is occurring between each nation. Therefore Unified Korea should be equipped with appropriate military strength in order to achieve relative balance with each threats posed by neighboring countries. Fourth, the most possible conflicts between Unified Korea and neighboring countries could be summarized into four, which are Dokdo territorial dispute with Japan, Leodo jurisdictional dispute with China, territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korea Peninsula with China and disputes regarding marine resources and sea routes with Russia. Based on those conflict scenarios, appropriate military strength for Unified Korea is as in the following. When conflict occurs with Japan regarding Dokdo, Japan is expected to put JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3, one out of four of its Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Escort Fleet, which is based in Maizuru and JMSDF Maizuru District. To counterbalance this military strength, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of jurisdictional conflict with China concerning Leodo, China is expected to dispatch its North Sea fleet, one out of three of its naval fleet, which is in charge of the Yellow Sea. To response to this military action, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korean Peninsula with China, it is estimated that out of seven Military Region troops, China will dispatch two Military Region troops, including three Army Groups from Shenyang Military Region, where it faces boarder with the Korean Peninsula. To handle with this military strength, Unified Korea needs six corps size ground force strength, including three corps of ground forces, two operational reserve corps(maneuver corps), and one strategic reserve corps(maneuver corps). When conflict occurs with Russia regarding marine resources and sea routes, Russia is expected to send a warfare group of a size that includes two destroyers, which is part of the Pacific Fleet. In order to balance this strength, Unified Korea naval power requires one warfare group including two destroyers. Fifth, management direction for the Unified Korean military is as in the following. Regarding the ground force management, it would be most efficient to deploy troops in the border area with china for regional and counter-amphibious defense. For the defense except the border line with china, the most efficient form of force management would be maintaining strategic reserve corps. The naval force should achieve relative balance with neighboring countries when there is maritime dispute and build 'task fleet' which can independently handle long-range maritime mission. Of the three 'task fleet', one task fleet should be deployed at Jeju base to prepare for Dokdo territorial dispute and Leodo jurisdictional dispute. Also in case of regional conflict with china, one task fleet should be positioned at Yellow Sea and for regional conflict with Japan and Russia, one task fleet should be deployed at East Sea. Realistically, Unified Korea cannot possess an air force equal to neither Japan nor China in quantity. Therefore, although Unified Korea's air force might be inferior in quantity, they should possess the systematic level which Japan or China has. For this Unified Korea should build air base in island areas like Jeju Island or Ullenong Island to increase combat radius. Also to block off infiltration of enemy attack plane, air force needs to build and manage air bases near coastal areas. For landing operation forces, Marine Corps should be managed in the size of two divisions. For island defense force, which is in charge of Jeju Island, Ulleung Island, Dokdo Island and five northwestern boarder island defenses, it should be in the size of one brigade. Also for standing international peace keeping operation, it requires one brigade. Therefore Marine Corps should be organized into three divisions. The result of the research yields a few policy implications when building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea. First, Unified Korea requires lower number of ground troops compared to that of current ROK(Republic of Korea) force. Second, air-sea forces should be drastically reinforced. Third, appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military should be based on current ROK military system. Forth, building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea should start from today, not after reunification. Because of this, South Korea should build a military power that can simultaneously prepare for current North Korea's provocations and future threats from neighboring countries after reunification. The core of this research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to realize relative balance that will ensure defense sufficiency from neighboring countries threats. In other words, this research should precisely be aware of threats posed by neighboring countries and decide minimum level of military strength that could realize relative balance in conflict situation. Moreover this research will show the path for building appropriate military strength in each armed force.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2012

Fire simulation was carried out for an enclosure with three doorways of $20{\times}10{\times}3m^3$ and a cleanroom of $44{\times}48{\times}10m^3$, to suggest appropriate grid size in fire simulations by using of FDS for large scale buildings. The variations of temperature and visibility with time were compared for the x and y direction grid sizes of 0.1~1.0 m (aspect ratios 0.5~5.0), fixing the z direction grid size 0.2 m. The results showed that the grid sizes 0.5 m (aspect ratio 2.5) or smaller are appropriate among the grid sizes tested, whereas 1.0 m is not acceptable. It was confirmed that estimate of the available safe egress time requires a great care due to fluctuations in temperature, visibility, etc., and further investigations on the grid size when selecting a large grid size inevitable, and on the aspect ratios for a larger grid are in need.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2017

This paper deals with solution methods for discrete and multi-valued optimization problems. The objective function of the problem incorporates noise effects generated in case that fitness evaluation is accomplished by computer based experiments such as Monte Carlo simulation or discrete event simulation. Meta heuristics including Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) can be used to solve these simulation based multi-valued optimization problems. In applying these population based meta heuristics to simulation based optimization problem, samples size to estimate the expected fitness value of a solution and population (particle) size in a generation (step) should be carefully determined to obtain reliable solutions. Under realistic environment with restriction on available computation time, there exists trade-off between these values. In this paper, the effects of sample and population sizes are analyzed under well-known multi-modal and multi-dimensional test functions with randomly generated noise effects. From the experimental results, it is shown that the performance of DPSO is superior to that of GA. While appropriate determination of population sizes is more important than sample size in GA, appropriate determination of sample size is more important than particle size in DPSO. Especially in DPSO, the solution quality under increasing sample sizes with steps is inferior to constant or decreasing sample sizes with steps. Furthermore, the performance of DPSO is improved when OCBA (Optimal Computing Budget Allocation) is incorporated in selecting the best particle in each step. In applying OCBA in DPSO, smaller value of incremental sample size is preferred to obtain better solutions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.34.1-34.13
• /
• 2018

Sexual maturity ($L_{50}$), the length at which 50% of fish in a size class are mature, is a key aspect of domestication of new fish species because it guides the procedure for identification of appropriate broodstock size for artificial spawning. In this study, the $L_{50}$ was determined for 1083 Barbus altianalis samples obtained from Lake Edward and the Upper Victoria Nile. Gonads of freshly killed samples were examined macroscopically and verified with standard histological procedures for the maturation stages that were used to determine $L_{50}$. Oocytes and spermatogenic cell sizes were compared for fish obtained from both water bodies. Results indicated that there were no variations in macro gonad features observed for fish from Lake Edward and Upper Victoria Nile. Similarly, there were no significant differences in oocyte sizes (P > 0.05) between the two populations but significant differences in spermatogenic cell sizes were noted (P < 0.05) except for spermatozoa (P > 0.05). This however did not suggest peculiar differences between the two populations for staging the gonads. Consequently, no staging variations were suggested for both populations in determination of $L_{50}$. Sexual maturity was found in the same class size of fork length (FL) 20-24.9 cm and 35-39.9 cm for males and females from both water bodies, respectively. At this FL, however, males were too small, and for good selection of vigor broodstocks for spawning and conservation purposes, they are better picked from class size of 30-34.9 cm FL and above. These findings were crucial for integration of appropriate breeding size in spawning protocol by farmers and fisheries scientists conserving wild B. altianalis populations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.49 no.10
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to research the difference between the size suggested by brand uniforms and the size suitable for high school girls. We compared and analyzed the size system of brand uniforms after researching the wearing conditions of uniforms of 4 brands (A, B, C, D) in order to establish a size system of brand uniforms that fits different body types of teenagers. First, we conduct research on the actual condition of brand uniforms worn by high school girls, and investigate unsatisfactory factors and problems. Second, we actually measure the uniform size of each brand and analyze measurement differences between each brand. Our results show each brand uniform has different size specifications and the importance of appropriate size specification is greater as students select uniform based on design and brand awareness rather than body size. Compared with the average body size the skirt and especially the blouse is much smaller with no extra room compared with standard size 85 blouses and size 71 skirts. Therefore, the adjustment of size specification is needed in brand school uniforms. However, a larger scale investigation is needed as this study was conducted with a limited sample size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.1154-1165
• /
• 2017

For children with most outdoor activities, wearing appropriate shoes is important to their growth and health. The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics regarding children's feet and to provide beneficial information for an appropriate sizing system of children's shoes. The data of the study were 3D measurements of feet from school boys aged 7-12 of the 6th Anthropometry of Size Korea. This study revealed that the two factors related to the size and height of the feet represent the characteristics of children's feet, unlike adults. As a result of applying the data of this study to the current KS sizing system of the children's shoes, only the foot lengths were within the sizing system. Consequently, the current sizing system requires revisions and supplements to the foot-width and foot-circumference sections.