• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2023

The structure of a ship is completed by processing various steel plates and welding these plates. This butt welding of plates is defined as a seam in shipyards, and this study seeks to find a way to decrease costs by reducing the utilization of steel through effective seam arrangement. Seams were defined and classified according to purpose, and examples of "pieces" and "main plates" where seam creation had an economical saving effect were selected. For "pieces," the change in the weight of steel utilized depending on the presence or absence of a seam was calculated, and the resulting change in cost increase was presented. In the case of the "main plate," the quantity of seams does not change, but an example of cost variation due to the appropriate placement of seams is presented. Hence, a large difference was found in the costs of "pieces" depending on seam location. Thus, it was advantageous to create additional seams. For the "main plate," it was found that narrow-width and wide-width materials incur more costs. This study demonstrates that creating seams is economically advantageous but may not be preferred owing to the increased workload from a production perspective.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2013

Emergency operating procedures(EOPs) of nuclear power plants should be described considering the cognitive capability and limitation of operators and provide appropriate information in the aspect of human factors. Procedures which doesn't consider cognitive characteristics of operators can become causes of human errors. In previous researches, in order to reduce these problems related to the description of EOP, an improvement suggestion for EOP writer's guide has been proposed, which is reflected human factors aspects that should be considered when describing EOPs. The proposed items, however, have a necessity to be validated because it was listed from various documents such as standards and guidelines without any special validation process. For that reason, in this study, a validation process were performed to show that procedures, which are described in compliance with the requirement items proposed in the improved EOP writer's guide, have positive effects in the aspects of human errors and performance comparing with previous procedures. Experiments were performed to compare the performances of two tasks which are described in compliance with each writer's guide of before and after the improvement During each task was performed in experiments, changes of physiological responses such as EEG and ECG were measured to evaluate the cognitive workload and the stress of operators in each task. And also, as the performance, frequencies of errors and cognition speeds of each task were evaluated. In the results of the experiment, the portions of the ${\beta}$ wave decreased in the tasks overall after the improvement. In the case of ECG, change rates of the mean of R-R interval were decreased in the tasks after improvement. In the results of the performance, the cognition and the response time of the tasks after the improvement were predominant with statistical significancies. Error times in the tasks after improvement were decreased or same to the tasks before improvement. Conclusively, it was validated that the procedures were described in compliance with the improved EOP writer's guide had effects on the reduction of human errors and improvement of performance.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2018

In Ethiopia, climate change and deforestation are major issues hindering sustainable development. Local Ethiopian communities commonly perceive an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Meteorological data shows that rainfall has declined in southern Ethiopia, and spring droughts have occurred more frequently during the last 10-15 years. The frequently occurring droughts have seriously affected the agriculture-dominated Ethiopian economy. Forests can play an important role in coping with climate change. However, deforestation is alarmingly high in Ethiopia, and this is attributed mainly to agricultural expansion and fuel wood extraction. Deforestation has led to a decrease in various benefits from forest ecosystem services, and increased ecological and environmental problems including loss of biodiversity. To resolve the issues effectively, it is crucial to enhance climate change resilience through reforestation and various international collaborations are urgently needed. To continue collaboration activities for resolving these issues, it is first necessary to address fundamental questions on the nature of collaboration: does collaboration aim for a support-benefit or a mutual benefit situation; dividing the workload or sharing the workload; an advanced technology or an appropriate technology; and short-term and intensive or long-term and extensive?. Potential collaboration activities were identified by sectors: in the governmental sector, advancing governmental structure and policy, enhancing international collaborations and negotiations, and capacity building for forest restoration and management; in the research and education sector, identifying and filling gaps in forestry and climate change education, capacity building for reforestation and climate change resilience research, and developing bioenergy and feed stocks; and in the business and industry sector, supporting conservation based forestry businesses and industries, while promoting collaboration with the research and education sectors. It is envisaged that international collaboration for enhancing climate change resilience through reforestation will provide a strong platform for resolving climate change and deforestation issues, and achieving sustainable development in Ethiopia.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 치과위생사의 근무환경에 따른 직무만족도를 알아보기 위해 전국의 치과의원에 근무하는 4,663명의 치과위생사를 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 일반적 특성에 따른 직무만족도에서는 연령이 높을수록, 기혼인 경우, 최종학력이 높을수록, 경력이 많을수록 직무만족도가 높았다. 급여에 따른 직무만족도에서는 급여가 적절하다고 생각하는 경우, 연간 급여 인상정도가 높을수록 만족도가 높았다. 또한, 인센티브가 제공되는 경우, 포상, 휴가비 등의 지원이 되는 경우, 초과근무수당과 야간근무수당이 지급되는 경우 직무만족도가 높았다. 업무에 따른 직무만족도에서는 주당 평균 근무 시간이 적을수록 만족도가 높았고, 업무량이 적절한 경우, 충분한 인력이 구성된 경우, 타 인력 간 명확하게 업무가 구분된 경우 직무 만족도가 높았다. 직무만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 기혼인 경우 미혼에 비해 만족도가 높았으며 경력이 높을수록, 급여가 적절하다고 생각하는 경우, 포상 또는 휴가비가 지원되는 경우, 초과근무수당과 야간근무수당이 있는 경우, 업무량이 적절한 경우, 충분한 인력의 구성 여부, 타 인력간의 명확한 업무 구분이 된 경우 만족도가 높았다. 이상의 결과로 치과위생사의 직무만족은 이직에 영향을 미치며 해당조직의 성과에도 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 치과위생사의 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 급여와 명확한 업무의 구분 등 근무환경의 개선이 필요하다 생각된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2015

Objective: This study was to investigate the perception gap between preceptors and pharmacy students on community pharmacy experiential education. Methods: The online survey was performed for 55 preceptors and 215 pharmacy students separately from April 1 to April 30, 2014. The preceptors were who completed community pharmacy practice experience at least a session and the students were who involved in community pharmacy practice for more than 21 days. The questionnaires were prepared based on the lesson contents guideline of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Education of Community Pharmacy by Korea Association of Pharmacy Education. The survey questions were consisted with demographic characteristics, evaluation of student and preceptors, benefits and disadvantages of pharmacy practice for both groups. Results: A total of 27 (49.1%) preceptors and 103 (47.9%) pharmacy students responded to the survey questionnaires. Preceptors indicated that students lacked face-to-face communication ability with patients, caregivers, and physicians. One of the Benefits of participating in pharmacy practice education as a preceptor included the improvement of self-esteem (70.37%). Disadvantages were identified as workload burden due to teaching and preceptor responsibilities at the same time. All students responded that benefits of experiencing pharmacy practice education were helping them determine their career, and they would consider working in community pharmacies (68.93%). However, handling over-the-counter drugs and communicating with doctors or nurses were identified as barriers. In addition, preceptors and pharmacy students expressed necessity of the standard text books and curriculums. Conclusion: This study identified the perception gap on community pharmacy experiential education between preceptors and pharmacy students. For the successful implementation of pharmacy practice experience, the effective and appropriate methods should be developed.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2020

Intelligent systems(i.e., artificial intelligence), particularly deep learning, are machines able to mimic the cognitive functions of humans to perform tasks of problem-solving and learning. This field deals with computational models that can think and act intelligently, like the human brain, and construct algorithms that can learn from data to make predictions. Artificial intelligence is becoming important in radiology due to its ability to detect abnormalities in radiographic images that are unnoticed by the naked human eye. These systems have reduced radiologists' workload by rapidly recording and presenting data, and thereby monitoring the treatment response with a reduced risk of cognitive bias. Intelligent systems have an important role to play and could be used by dentists as an adjunct to other imaging modalities in making appropriate diagnoses and treatment plans. In the field of maxillofacial radiology, these systems have shown promise for the interpretation of complex images, accurate localization of landmarks, characterization of bone architecture, estimation of oral cancer risk, and the assessment of metastatic lymph nodes, periapical pathologies, and maxillary sinus pathologies. This review discusses the clinical applications and scope of intelligent systems such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and deep learning programs in maxillofacial imaging.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2014

Purpose: Little is known about appropriate interval periods between the heparin flushing of implanted ports after completion of chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of interval of heparin flushing for maintenance of an implanted port in solid tumor patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who had undergone implanted port removal in 2012 at the Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. The subjects were 90 patients who, after completion of chemotherapy, retained their ports for extended periods of time. Results: The mean number of flushes of heparin was 4. Compliance with visits for implanted port maintenance varied with the individual, and the mean accession times were in the range between 13 days and 243 days. The overall mean time between flushes was 66 days. One patient showed resistance during flushing. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that extending the flushing interval to a maximum of 8 weeks remains medically safe. Less frequent heparin flushing of an implanted port decreases medical expenditure and the workload of medical professionals; it also improves the patient's satisfaction.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.117-136
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• 2012

본 연구는 중앙행정부처 기록전문직을 대상으로 직무 영역을 파악하고 중요도-수행도 분석 기법으로 분석하여 그에 따른 직무 중요도와 수행도를 연구하는 데 목적이 있다. 기록전문직의 역할과 정체성 확보를 위하여 직무에 대한 명확한 분석이 필요하다는 인식 아래, 직무영역 및 요소 분석을 실시한 본 연구는 기록전문직의 직무를 기록물 관리, 기록관 운영, 기록관리 인프라, 기록정보 서비스의 4개의 책무와 19개의 업무, 78개의 업무요소로 파악하였다. 이를 바탕으로 각각의 중요도와 수행도 빈도를 조사하는 IPA기법을 적용하였다. 분석 결과 법령에서 규정하고 있는 업무 영역인 평가 및 폐기 업무가 중요도와 수행도가 가장 높은 순위를 차지하였으며 서비스관련 업무는 중요성과 수행도가 가장 낮게 분석되었다. 전체적으로 1인 1체제의 기록관에서 모든 기록관리 업무를 수행하기에는 과중한 상태로 파악되었으며 조직 내 직무 재배치를 통한 업무량의 조정이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-47
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of interpersonal relationship ability, job stress, and stress coping type on the turnover intention of nurses in the early stage of their careers. Methods: Data were collected from 136 early stage nurses from two general hospitals and one tertiary hospital in Chungbuk province. An early stage nurse was defined as the nurse with a work experience of 3 to 36 months. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Person's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: It was seen that turnover intention had a negative correlation with interpersonal competency (r=-.20, p=.020) and a positive correlation with job stress (r=.56, p<.001). Job stress due to work over load, inadequate compensation and working environment, interpersonal relationship ability, and length of clinical career were significant factors influencing turnover intention (p<.05). These variables explained for 50.4% of the variance in turnover intention. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an interpersonal relationship ability improvement program to decrease turnover intention among early stage nurses by helping them to successfully adapt to their job. Moreover, it is important to bring about continuous improvements in terms of provision of adequate workload and appropriate rewards, and creation of a suitable work environment to reduce the job stress of early stage nurses.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.214-225
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the content relevance of the 7th national primary science curriculum and textbooks. To fulfill the purpose of the study, we 1) analyzed the 7th national science curriculum of Korea, Californian science standards, the national science curriculum of England and Japan, and current Korean and Japanese science textbooks, 2) conducted a nationwide survey to gather opinions from students, teachers, and professors of teachers colleges about the relevance of the science curriculum and textbooks. Main findings of this study are as follows: First, the science contents at each grade level should be determined by the students' characteristics, not by an equal portion rule among physics, chemistry, biology and earth science. Second, the excessive overlapping and repetition of contents due to the spiral curriculum should be avoid. Third, the number of topics at each grade level should be reduced, and the similar topics and themes should be integrated for students' deeper understanding. Fourth, the number of science concepts and activities should be reduced to an appropriate level considering the time allotment for science classes, teachers workload, laboratory conditions, etc. Fifth, differentiated curriculum, such as in-depth and supplementary course, should be described not in science contents, but in teaching and learning strategy.