• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2001

Several experiments including persistence, distribution, leaching, and terminal residue trials were carried out to investigate the behavior of cyclosulfamuron in rice paddies. Cyclosulfamuron was gradually dissipated in two different soils showing the first-order kinetics. Half-lives of the herbicide were calculated to be $17{\sim}30$ and $14{\sim}16$ days under field and laboratory conditions, respectively. In the paddy soil/water system, the residue tended to reside more in the soil phase as time elapsed. Cyclosulfamuron was less persistent in paddy water than in soil with half-lives of 10 and 19 days, respectively. No cyclosulfamuron was leached below 20 cm-deep soil during water percolation with 50 cm hydraulic head, while some downward mobility was observed within the soil column. When EC and SC formulations of cyclosulfamuron were applied to the paddy field at 120 or 150-day pre-harvest intervals, its terminal residues in hulled rice were all less than 0.01 mg/kg, irrespective of formulation type and application timing. In rice straw, however, some residues were found at $<0.02{\sim}0.05$ mg/kg as SC formulation was applied. Rapid dissipation, restricted mobility, and low terminal residues of cyclosulfamuron in rice paddies suggest that no significant residues would be transported or carried over to the non-target environment.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2011

Weeding effect was investigated based on the leaf stages to several different herbicide treatments for an integrated weed management of herbicide resistant Echinochloa oryzoides to ACCase and ALS inhibitors in a rice field. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicide treatments before resistant E. oryzoides occurred was very effective. Pentaxazon 5% SC showed over 98% of weeding effect although E. oryzoides were emerged 31 days after the treatment. Until the leaf stage of 2.5, five herbicides, azimsulfuron carfenstole 1.05% GR, bensulfuron-methyl benzobicyclone mefenacet 24.52% SC, bensulfuron-methyl fentrazamide 7% SC, bensulfuron-methyl mefenacet oxadiargyl 21.6% SC and mefenacet pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 3.57% GR showed perfect weeding effect. Benzobicyclone mefenacet penoxulam 21.5% SC and mefenacet pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 3.57% GR were effective at the leaf stage of 3.0. It is very important to select the right herbicides for timing and their systematic application for controlling of E. oryzoides resistant to ACCase- and ALS-inhibitors.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.7 s.91
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• pp.483-488
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• 2004

For real-time applications, the underlying operating system (0S) should support timeliness guarantees of real-time tasks. However, most of current operating systems do not provide timely management facilities in an efficient way. There could be two approaches to support timely management facilities for real-time applications: (1) by modifying 0S kernel and (2) by Providing a middleware without modifying 0S. In our approach, we adopted the middleware approach based on the TMO (Time-triggerred Message-triggered Object) model which is a well-known real-tine object model. The middleware, named TMSOM (TMO Support Middleware) has been implemented on various OSes such as Linux and Windows XP/NT/98. In this paper, we mainly consider TMOSM implemented on Linux(TMOS/Linux). Although the real-time schedul-ing aIgorithm used in current TMOSM/Linux can produce an efficient real-time schedule, it can be improved for periodic real-time tasks by considering several factors. In this paper, we discuss those factors and propose an improved real-time scheduling algorithm for periodic real-time tasks, In order to simulate the performance of our algorithm, we measure timeliness guarantee rate for periodic real-time tasks. The result shows that the performance of our algorithm is superior to that of existing algorithm. Additionally, the proposed algorithm can improve system performance by making the structure of real-time middleware simpler.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.1 s.42
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• pp.5-9
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• 1980

Some insecticides were evaluated on the effect of single ULV foliar spray in the control of the pine gall midges (Thecediplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye) when the formulated (undiluted) and/or diluted insecticides were applied by ULV Sprayer (Battery-type of 12 voltage, devised by Union Carbide) With the formulated insecticide spray (30ml per plot; ten pine trees of 1.5 to 2m in height), the order of control effectiveness was Salithion (Ec 25), $Sumithion^{(R)}$ (ULV 80), Dimethoate (Ec 50), $Sevin\;oil^{(R)}$ (ULV 50), $Zolone^{(R)}$ (Ec 25) and $Folimat^{(R)}$ (Ec 50). However, except Zolone, other insecticides tested caused relatively severe phytotoxicity on the pine needles in all treatments. The dilluted insecticides (200ml Per Plot) of Salithion and Dimethoate with 10,20 and 40 times of water solution showed better control effect than with the formulated insecticides, and no phytotoxicity was observed. Salithion was more effective than Dimethoate. In conclusion, the desirable results in the pine gall midge control in this experiment were obtained by single ULV foliar spray of Salithion with 10 to 20 times of water solution, and the feasible timing of insecticide application would be from late in May to early in June.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.12B
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• pp.1380-1386
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a CQS(Calendar Queue Scheduler) architecture which was designed for processing multimedia and timing traffic in home network. With various characteristics of the increased traffic flowed in home such as VoIP, VOD, IPTV, and Best-efforts traffic, the needs of managing QoS(Quality of Service) are being discussed. Making a group regarding application or service is effective to guarantee successful QoS under the restricted circumstances. The proposed design is aimed for home gateway corresponding to the end points of receiver on end-to-end QoS and eligible for supporting multimedia traffic within restricted network sources and optimizing queue sizes. Then, we simulated the area for each module and each memory. The area for each module is referenced by NAND($2{\times}1$) Gate(11.09) when synthesizing with Magnachip 0.18 CMOS libraries through the Synopsys Design Compiler. We verified the portion of memory is 85.38% of the entire CQS. And each memory size is extracted through CACTI 5.3(a unit in mm2). According to the increase of the memory’sentry, the increment of memory area gradually increases, and defining the day size for 1 year definitely affects the total CQS area. In this paper, we discussed design methodology and operation for each module when designing CQS by hardware.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.161-167
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• 2004

While most or fixed-time control systems such as UTCS produce the signal timing plans that either maximizing bandwidth or minimizing a disutility index of delay and stops, cannot consider the fluctuation of traffic flow. One category of the traffic-response control systems, which make small changes on a predefined signal plan such as SCOOT, cannot be easily modified for feedback real-time control schemes based on observation of variables other than traffic flow. The other category, which decide to whether switch the traffic lights or not at each step of time as in PRODYN, does not adequately consider the relations between traffic flows and traffic lights at each step of time. In this paper we present a complete formulation that adequately consider the relations between traffic flows and traffic lights at each step of time. The formulation is a binary mixed integer linear programing (BMILP) that obtain traffic lights at each step for minimizing delay. Since numarical examples for application of the proposed model illustrated that the model adequately produced dynamic traffic signal plans minimizing delay at each step, the model may be expected to contribute to advanced transportation management systems (ATMS) for dynamic traffic signal control.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop an efficient control method for water foxtail in the field sowing barley and wheat seeds before rice harvesting. When thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was applied 0, 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting, little phytotoxicity was observed on both barley and wheat. Percent of water foxtail control with thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) was more than 88% at three different application timing. When butachlor (5%) was applied 5 days before barley and wheat sowing, phytotoxicity on barley and wheat was severe. However, no phytotoxicity was observed on barley and wheat 5 and 10 days after rice harvesting. Percent of water foxtail control with butachlor 0 and 5 days after rice harvesting was 85-89%. However, it dropped to 74-80% when applied 10 days after rice harvesting. In the thifensulfuron-methyl treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 96-108% and 100-108%, respectively when compared with untreated control. While, in the butachlor treatment, the dry matter of barley and wheat was 53-73% and 106%, respectively when compared with untreated control. Therefore, we recommend thifensulfuron-methyl (75%) 0-10 days after rice harvesting or butachlor (5%) 5 days after rice harvesting to provide efficient water foxtail control and safe barley and wheat production.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2016

Background: The use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in the setting of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has shown improved outcomes compared with conventional CPR. The aim of this study was to determine factors predictive of survival in extracorporeal CPR (E-CPR). Methods: Consecutive 85 adult patients (median age, 59 years; range, 18 to 85 years; 56 males) who underwent E-CPR from May 2005 to December 2012 were evaluated. Results: Causes of arrest were cardiogenic in 62 patients (72.9%), septic in 18 patients (21.2%), and hypovolemic in 3 patients (3.5%), while the etiology was not specified in 2 patients (2.4%). The survival rate in patients with septic etiology was significantly poorer compared with those with another etiology (0% vs. 24.6%, p=0.008). Septic etiology (hazard ratio [HR], 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 to 5.44; p=0.002) and the interval between arrest and ECLS initiation (HR, 1.05 by 10 minutes increment; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09; p=0.005) were independent risk factors for mortality. When the predictive value of the E-CPR timing for in-hospital mortality was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve method, the greatest accuracy was obtained at a cutoff of 60.5 minutes (area under the curve, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.80; p=0.032) with 47.8% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity. The survival rate was significantly different according to the cutoff of 60.5 minutes (p=0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that efforts should be made to minimize the time between arrest and ECLS application, optimally within 60 minutes. In addition, E-CPR in patients with septic etiology showed grave outcomes, suggesting it to be of questionable benefit in these patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.6
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• pp.742-749
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to develop thinning effect analysis model (TEAM) using individual-tree distance-independent growth model of Pinus koraiensis Stands. The TEAM was designed to analyze thinning effects associated with such thinning prescriptions as the number, timing, intensity, and method of thinnings. To testing TEAM application, stand growth effects were compared with seven scenarios according to thinning prescription plan. In the results, it was possible to estimate the number of trees, height, volume with diameter (DBH) class of individual trees, and average diameter growth, height growth, the number of trees and volume growth per ha of stands. The result of sensitivity analysis on one Pinus koraiensis stand, it was not sure to expect the much more volume at the rotation age by stand density control applying thinning prescription. In the case of thinning, total yield volume has much more $40{\sim}75m^3$ per ha, within 5 cm in average diameter growth and within 1 m in average height growth than thats of non-thinning over increasing stand age. TEAM, as decision making support system, can be used for selecting the thinning prescription trial and determining one of some thinning prescription plan in different site specific stand environments.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.659-666
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• 2006

Servo-motors are used as key components of automated system by performing precise motion control as accurate positioning and accurate speed regulation in response to the commands from computers and sensors. Especially, the linear brushless servo-motors have numerous advantages over the rotary servo motors which have connection with the friction induced transfer mechanism such as ball screws, timing belts, rack/pinion. This paper proposes an estimation method of unknown motor system parameters using the informations from the sinusoidal driving type linear brushless DC motor dynamics and outputs. The estimated parameters can be used to tune the controller gain and a disturbance observer. In order to meet this purpose high performance Digital Signal Processor, TMS320F240, designed originally for implementation of a Field Oriented Control(FOC) technology is adopted as a controller of the liner BLDC servo motor. Having A/D converters, PWM generators, rich I/O port internally, this servo motor application specific DSP play an important role in servo motor controller. This linear BLDC servo motor system also contains IPM(Intelligent Power Module) driver and hail sensor type current sensor module, photocoupler module for isolation of gate signals and fault signals.