• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.260-273
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• 2004

Layer-by-layer 자기조립방법 (self-assembly method) 이라고 불리는 담지자기조립방법 (dip self-assembly method)을 이용한 다층초박막은 다양한 전기적, 자기적 성질을 갖는 물질뿐만 아니라 DNA 또는 효소 (enzyme)같은 바이오 물질들을 기판의 크기나 형태에 관계없이 각각의 층에 나노미터 두께로 삽입시킬 수 있음에 따라서 초박막안에 우리가 원하는 특정 성질을 부여할 수 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.21-24
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• 1998

The properties of ZrN layer deposited by Sputtering system have been investigated in the application of diffusion barrier layer to copper. ZrN layer exhibited a excellent barrier property up to $700^{\circ}$ and higher resistivity. If an excess $O_2$is protected during the process of ZrN deposition, ZrN layer will be possible to use a diffusion barrier layer to copper.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.7
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• pp.398-400
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• 2014

In this letter, we propose a cross-layer technique jointly considering modulation coding schemes (MCSs) of medium access control (MAC) layer, source significance information (SSI) and error concealment unit of application (APP) layer, and channel quality information (CQI) of physical (PHY) layer. We demonstrate the improved video quality by the proposed technique when H.264 videos are streamed over Rayleigh fading wireless channels.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

Electrochemical energy-storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors are important components in emerging portable electronic device, electric vehicle, and clean energy storage and supply technologies. This review describes recent progress in the development of nanostructured electrodes, the main component of the electrochemical energy-storage device, prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic assembly. Major advantages associated with, and challenges to, the fabrication of LbL electrodes, as well as the future outlook for expanding the application of LbL techniques, are discussed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2006

This study was to verify that the combined application of NaOCl and EDTA was more effective in removal of smear layer than the application of NaOCl alone. furthermore it was aimed to find out the optimal time for the application of EDTA. Thirty five single rooted teeth were cleaned and shaped. NaOCl solution was used as an irrigant during instrumentation. After instrumentation, root canals of the control group were irrigated with 5 ml of NaOCl for 2 minutes. 30 sec, 1 min, and 2 min group were irrigated with 5 ml of 17% EDTA for 30 sec, 1 min, and 2 min respectively. Then the roots were examined with scanning electron microscopy for evaluating removal of smear layer and erosion of dentinal tubule. The results were as follows; 1. The control group: The smear layer was not removed at all. 2. The other groups: 1) $Middle\frac{1}{3}$: All groups showed almost no smear layer. And the erosion occurred more frequently as increasing irrigation time. 2) $Apical\frac{1}{3}$: The cleaning effect of 2 min group was better than the others. The results suggest that 2 min application of 17% EDTA should be adequate to remove smear layer on both $apical\frac{1}{3}\;and\;middle\frac{1}{3}$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.258-260
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• 2004

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is being widely used in real-time control applications such as automobiles, aircraft, and automated factories. Unfortunately, CAN, in its current form, is not able to either share out the system bandwidth among the different devices fairly or to grant an upper bound on the transmission times experienced by the nodes connected to the communication medium as it happens, for instance, in the token-based networks. In this paper, we present An Application Layer Design for Humanoid Robot in the CAN. Besides introducing the new algorithm, this paper also presents some performance figures obtained using a specially developed software simulator and experimentation for composition of CAN which uses JTAG mode of a parallel debugging., while the behavior of the new algorithm is compared with the traditional CAN systems. in order to see how effective they are.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.709-720
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• 2006

In this paper, we suggest a simple and efficient multiple-forwarder-based file distribution method which can work with a tree-based application layer multicast. Existing multiple-forwarder approaches require high control overhead. The proposed method exploits the assumption that receivers join a session at different times. In tree-based application layer multicast, a set of data packets is delivered from its parent after a receiver has joined but before the next receiver joins without overlapping that of other receivers. The proposed method selects forwarders from among the preceding receivers and the forwarder forwards data packets from the non-overlapping data packet set. Three variations of forwarder selection algorithms are proposed. The impact of the proposed algorithms is evaluated using numerical analysis. A performance evaluation using PlanetLab, a global area overlay testbed, shows that the proposed method enhances throughput while maintaining the data packet duplication ratio and control overhead significantly lower than the existing method, Bullet.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1152-1167
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• 2018

In this paper, I propose an application layer cooperative congestion control scheme for safety message broadcast in vehicular networks, called CMS, that adaptively controls a vehicle's safety message rate and transmit timing based on the channel congestion state. Motivated by the fact that all vehicles should transmit and receive an application layer safety message in a periodic manner, I directly exploit the message itself as a means of estimating the channel congestion state. In particular, vehicles can determine wider network conditions by appending their local channel estimation result onto safety message transmissions and sharing them with each other. In result CMS realizes cooperative congestion control without any modification of the existing MAC protocol. I present extensive NS-3 simulation results which show that CMS outperforms conventional congestion control schemes in terms of the packet collision rate and throughput, especially in a high-density traffic environment.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.909-922
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• 2000

High sped messaging layer for application's feeling of low level network performance is needed by Clustering System based on high speed network fabrics. It should have the mechanism to directly pass messages between network card and application space, and provide flexible affodabilities for many diverse applications. In this paper, CROWN (Clustering Resources On Workstations' Network) which is designed and implemented for multi-purpose clustering system will be introduced briefly, and CLCP(CROWN Lean Communication Primitives)which is the high speed messaging layer for CROWN will be followed. CLCP consists of a firmware for controlling Myrinet card, device drier, and user libraries. CLCP supports various application domains as a result of pooling and interrupt receive mechanism. In case of polling based receive, 8 bytes short message, and no other process, CLCP has 262 micro-second response time between two nodes, and IM bytes large message, it shows 442Mbps bandwidth.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.44-58
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• 2009

To provide efficient video streaming service over a wireless networks, the rate adaptation scheme should be applied at the low layer and the quality adaptation scheme should be considered at the high layer. In this paper, we propose a new cross-layer design which includes rate adaptation scheme at the MAC/PHY layers and quality control at the application layer. Proposed rate adaptation scheme improves the wireless channel utilization by transmitting the consecutive frames and selects optimal transmission mode by calculating the goodputs for each transmission mode. Based on selected transmission mode, the rate adaptation scheme calculates the rate limits and informs that to the application layer. Then the video streaming application utilizes this rate limits to adjust the quality of the video stream. Through performance evaluations, we prove that our cross-layer design improves the quality of the wireless video streaming service by means of the proposed rate adaptation scheme.