• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5D
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• pp.437-444
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• 2012

This study intended to improve traffic safety in work zones using fluorescent orange color traffic signs. For this end, the current problems of existing traffic signs and facilities in work zones were analyzed and some good examples of foreign countries were compared. More specifically, in order to identify current problems, the basic shape and color of traffic signs in use were examined through literature review, surveys and field studies. It was found that the fluorescent color worked more effectively than other colors in terms of visibility and conspicuity in work zone sign system. For evaluation, both Conspicuity surveys and in-door simulator experiments were conducted to effectively assess the merits and demerits of different types of traffic signs for work zones. The results of evaluations showed that black lettering on a fluorescent orange background outperformed more than 70% in terms of visibility and ability to call drivers' attention compared with those from black/red lettering on yellow/white backgrounds currently used at work zones on expressways and national highways. In addition, simulated driving experiment disclosed that drivers recognized the fluorescent orange background sign 15m ahead compared with the yellow background sign and 25m ahead compared with the white background sign, respectively. As for the diamond-shaped "Under Construction" sign, drivers recognized fluorescent orange background 11m ahead compared with the yellow background sign and 19m ahead compared with the white background sign, respectively.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Background: The toe-spread-out (TSO) exercise has been introduced as a strengthening exercise for the abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with hallux valgus. Visual biofeedback using ultrasound imaging during exercise, may increase the ability to selectively contract the abductor hallucis muscle, compared with exercise alone. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound imaging visual feedback during the TSO exercise with respect to its influence on the angle of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1st MPJ) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the abductor hallucis muscle in subjects with hallux valgus. Methods: Twenty-five healthy young subjects with a mean average age of 22.5 years, and a standard deviation of 2.3 years, were recruited for this study. Hallux valgus was defined as an angles greater than $15^{\circ}$ angle of 1st MPJ. Goniometric measurement was used to determine the angle of 1st MPJ. In addition, an ultrasound system was used to collect the CSA of the abductor hallucis muscle in each foot. The angle of the 1st MPJ and CSA of the abductor hallucis were measured in three positions; the resting position, during TSO exercise, and during TSO exercise in conjunction with real-time ultrasound imaging feedback. All data analyzed using a repeated analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction in order to compare the dependent variables in all three positions. Statistical level of significance was set up as p<.05. Results: The angle of the 1st MPJ was noted to be significantly reduced and the CSA of the abductor hallucis to be significantly greater during TSO exercise used in conjunction with ultrasound imaging visual feedback, compared to when the values were recorded during TSO exercise alone (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the application of ultrasound imaging visual feedback during TSO exercise is more effective in contracting selectively the abductor hallucis than the use of exercise alone.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-73
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• 2014

Cities in Korea have rapidly urbanized and they are not well prepared for natural disasters which have been increased by climate change. In particular, they often struggle with urban flooding. Recently, green infrastructure has been emphasized as a critical strategy for flood mitigation in developed countries due to its capability to infiltrate water into the ground, provide the ability to absorb and store rainfall, and contribute to mitigating floods. However, in Korea, green infrastructure planning only focuses on esthetic functions or accessibility, and does not think how other functions such as flood mitigation, can be effectively realized. Based on this, we address this critical gap by suggesting the new green infrastructure planning framework for improving urban water cycle and maximizing flood mitigation capacity. This framework includes flood vulnerability assessment for identifying flood risk area and deciding suitable locations for green infrastructure. We propose the use of the combination of frequency ratio model and GIS for flood vulnerability assessment. The framework also includes the selection process of green infrastructure practices under local conditions such as geography, flood experience and finance. Finally, we applied this planning framework to the case study area, namely YeonJe-gu an Nam-gu in Busan. We expect this framework will be incorporated into green infrastructure spatial planning to provide effective decision making process regarding location and design of green infrastructure.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Objectives : In this study, Folium Perillae were examined the possibility to apply as the cosmetics natural materials. Methods : Normal skin softener containing Folium Perillae extracts was manufactured and then its physiological activities function was experimented on. And emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts was manufactured and then it was left under the condition of $-10^{\circ}C,\;0^{\circ}C$, room temperature and $37^{\circ}C$ for a month. Then its stability and safety were tested. Results : The physiological activities function of the normal skin softener was almost same with the electron donating ability, SOD like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect of Folium Perillae extracts. To find the changes of emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts, the emollient lotion was left under the condition of $-10^{\circ}C,\;0^{\circ}C$, room temperature and $37^{\circ}C$ for a month. Then, when the emollient lotion was observed with the naked eye, pH, viscosity and particle diameter were measured, its changes were not nearly found. Futhermore, as a result of doing patch test to identify the safety of emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts, there was no stimulus on skin. Conclusions : From the above results, it was expected that the physiological activities of Folium Perillae extracts can be maintained when cosmetics containing Folium Perillae extracts are manufactured. And it was proved that Folium Perillae extracts didn't affect the change of cosmetic when they were applied to cosmetic materials. And it was concluded that emollient lotion containing Folium Perillae extracts was safe for skin.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.291-310
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• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of extracts of Drynariae Rhizoma on the characteristics of rat calvaria cells(RCV) and bone marrow cells(RBM) which have the important role on the bone formation in vitro. Drynariae Rhizoma has been known as the useful herbal medicament for treatment of the wound healing including regeneration of bone fracture, and also has been used to treat the periodontal lesions, tooth mobility, gingival bleeding and pus discharge via sulcus in Oriental Medicine. In control group, the cells were cultured alone with Dulbeco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100U/ml penicillin, $100{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin, $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ amphotericin-B. In experimental group, extracts of Drynariae Rhizoma(0.1, 1, 5, 10, $50{\mu}g/ml$) were added into the above culture condition. And then each group was characterized by examing the cell proliferation at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30th day, the amount of total protein synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity of RCV at 2,4th day and those of RBM at 3, 6th day. And also, the calcified nodule of RCV was examed at 3, 5th day in three goup, control, experimental, culture with the PDGF group. The results were as follow ; 1. Both RCV and RBM cells in Drynariae Rhizoma-treated experimental group proliferated more rapidly than nontreated control group. The experimental group below $5{\mu}g/ml$ Drynariae Rhizoma-treated showed more prominent cell proliferation from the 7th day to the 21st day than the control group and above $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ treated group in RCV. 2. Amount of total protein synthesis was more increased in Drynariae Rhizomatreated group than in control group. In $5{\mu}g/ml$ Drynariae Rhizoma-treated group showed most prominent protein synthesis of the any other exrperimental group and control group. 3. Alkaline phosphatase activity also more increased in Drynariae Rhizomatreated group than control group. 4. Mineralized nodules in Drynariae Rhizoma-treated group were more than not in control group but also in PDGF-treated group. From the above results, Drynariae Rhizoma appeared to enhanced the proliferation, protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity and cellular ability of mineralized nodule formation than PDGF. So that, we conclude that Drynariae Rhizoma enhances the activities of bone cells which have the important role on the periodontal regeneration and optimal application of Drynariae Rhizoma was thought to be useful as the means in bone regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.376-382
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• 2010

It has been shown that BF-7 enhances short- and long-term memory and attention in normal person. BF-7 was addressed to clinical study for children if BF-7 is also effective to children, since accumulated verification of safety and effectiveness is needed for young ages, in special. We administered BF-7 and a placebo control to two different groups of children (7-12 years old, 9.78 on averages). Their memory enhancement was tested with Rey-Kim Memory Test for Children before and after the administration of BF-7 and a placebo, in a double blinded way. The results showed that long- and short-term memories were significantly improved by the administration of BF-7. Interestingly, the degree of memory preservation, the ability of memory application and awareness of complex thing were also significantly improved. These results indicate that BF-7 is a promising substance from natural resource improving learning and memory of children as well as cognitive function of adults

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.63-87
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• 2003

Our society has had a growing interest in a family volunteering activity which has been proposed to be helpful to strengthen the health of the families. Thus this could be a new alternative strategy for motivating a family life as well as activating a volunteering activity which takes a major portion in the source for social welfare, as a precautionary measure against various social problems. This research therefore studied the effects of the family volunteering activity on the status of family health on the purpose for providing social work implications to activate family volunteering and to enhance the degree of family health. The study subjects were whole family members in Korea (n=494) who had participated in a family volunteering program more than 6 months (experimental group). The control subjects (n=534) were from family members without having an experience in a family volunteering program (control group). The results demonstrated that experimental group experiencing family volunteering activities represents significantly higher status of family health regarding all the study fields, e.g., family values in common, autonomy or flexibility for family, family commitment, communication within a family, family oriented problem-solving ability, compared with control group. Even the cases of control group which were regularly engaged in the social activities together, showed the lower status of family health, as compared with families having experiences in the family volunteering activity. Accordingly, family volunteering experiences has taken more favorable influences upon the status of family health than any other family activities. Therefore, the present study suggests as follows for activating family volunteering activities: 1) the development and management of programs suitable for the voluntary activities of a family unit; 2) the flexible application of the concept of family volunteering; 3) the necessity of connection between various institutions which perform family volunteering services; 4) flexible work system based on individuality getting ready for the time for the family volunteering activity; and 5) the development of the circumstances for family members who need to be taken care of.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2003

The Korea Maritime Police Agency(KMPA) is the national maritime Search and Rescuee (SAR) authority with the responsibility to promote an efficient organization of SAR services and to coordinate the conduct of SAR operations within the Korean Search and Rescue Region(SRR). The maritime SAR operations shall provide an adequate and effective search and rescue services to minimize the loss by rendering aid to persons in distress and property in the marine environment. The essence of a successful search and rescue operation is the speed with which it is planned and carried out because survivors who need assistance and whose chances of survival diminish rapidly with time. This paper aims to propose an optimal allocation model of maritime SAR fleet in view of minimizing the search and rescue time. When maritime accidents occur, rescue units have to reach to the distress scene within the specified time. For this, SAR units must be redeployed to an advanced base so that Rescue Units(RU) can reach to the scene of distress in the shortest possible time. The Korean maritime SRR is divided into 180 sub-areas in consideration of an operational and technical ability of SAR units. The suggested model is verified through an empirical application to the Korean maritime SRR. And also the Rescue Vessels(RV) required is estimated for each Rescue Co-ordination Center(RCC).

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.22-34
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• 2016

The Project Delivery System (PDS) is used in mixed way without clear classification from tendering system and the standard itself that can be selected is set with project budget or estimated cost only. Essentially, the PDS should consider and reflect project characteristics and types, internal and external factors for the purpose of improving the lives of citizens and their welfare. However, the current status is not operated flexibly due to the given budget, period and uniform laws and regulations. In order to solve this problem, this study suggests a Decision Support Model to select the optimal PDS for public construction projects. The current problem of the PDS for public construction projects were identified and the application of a decision support model was proposed. Subsequently a decision-making model was suggested for each PDS using the identified factors and linear discriminant function of discriminant analysis. An additional questionnaire survey and actual practical case analysis were carried out to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the model to actual work. It can be used by adjusting the decision support model and detailed factors according to the specific characteristics of public organization, ability of person in charge and project type.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2001

Application of the Asian ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) to control several species of aphids in the plastic green houses in mind, control effects of aphid populations regulated by the Asian ladybird were observed. The green peach aphid, the turnip aphid, and the cotton aphid were present on mustard plants, Angelia utlis, ornamental kales, and egg plants at greenhouses in spring, summer, and winter. Adults and larvae of the Asian ladybird used in experiments were collected from aggregated sites at Taejon in the autumn and reared on the cotton aphid in the laboratory. In winter, more number of adults and larvae of ladybirds than in other seasons were needed to control aphid population in successively double plastic greenhouses with supplied subterranean water for keeping warmth. In spring and summer, it was possible to keep the aphid populations low when necessary by manipulating ladybird populations according to the density of aphids. On the other hand, the innate increasing rate of aphid, the aphid population density at the time of applying ladybird, the predacious ability of ladybird at specific developmental stages, and needed periods should be taken into account to control aphids. In addition, the environmental factors, for example, optimum temperature and humidity should be considered to be biologically effective when ladybirds are released to greenhouses.