• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-110
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• 2004

Home networks consist of two or more home appliances or communication devices enabling the mutual data communication between appliances such as personal computers, refrigerators, phones, television sets, personal digital assistants(PDA), etc. There are three factors that create demand for the home network services. The first factor is development of technology. Second, on the demand side, consumer demand for the home appliances having access to the Internet is in the increase. Finally, producers need a strategy to deal with the problem of market saturation. Home networks are emerging markets. They are unique in that they unite information technologies with home appliances that provide new services. in this paper we study the main attributes of home network services and analyze consumers' preferences for them. However, it is not quite possible to use the revealed preference approach since the home network market is still at an incipient stage. We therefore use the conjoint analysis method using stated preference data. conjoint analysis has been widely use in the area of marketing for evaluating consumer preferences for new products and services. it presents a hypothetical product to the respondents along with the product's attributes and their levels. The respondents are asked to either rank each alternative or choose between several hypothetical products. By estimating consumers' willingness to pay for the attributes of the home network services and analyzing consumers' preferences, we predict the pattern of the development of the home network services and related technologies along various quality dimensions. Based on the estimation results, we draw policy implications for the national- and company-level strategy.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

Small household appliances such as electric rice cooker, a vacuum cleaner, an electric fan, etc. are diverse and complex due to the materials and components and waste streams from the manufacturing processes. In the present study, physical characterization of small e-wastes was analyzed on major items including electric rice cooker after manual dismantling. Small household appliances is an important potential source of waste plastic, however, recycling plastics from small e-waste is still unusual. The present communication gives results of separation processes on black plastics and the limitations of these sorting processes in used small household appliances.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2002

The author of the paper investigated the changes of hairstyle along the developments in hairdressing industry in the 20th century. The development process of hairdressing industry was divided into four periods of introduction, origination, growth, and establishment. The corresponding changes of hairstyle were analyzed and the findings are as follows. 1. Hairstyle could be classified into such typical ones as traditional style, cut, bob, wave, permanent wave, up style, and hair coloring. 2. Fashion leaders affected the changes of hairstyle. 3. Whenever hairdressing appliances were introduced, new hairstyle was practiced as follows with the use of the appliances. (1) Introduction Period - Traditional Style : Chignon, pigtail ribbon $\rightarrow$ Variations were designed in hair length or split due to the limited availability of appliances. - Up Style : Pompadour, thick and up hair, encircling hair $\rightarrow$ Padding was used for sweep-up. (2) Origination Period - Bob Style : Women's first bob style. - Wave style : Wave with bob, close-cropped hair, up style $\rightarrow$ Iron, set, permanent devices were used. (3) Development Period - Wave Style : Wind wave, easily manageable wave $\rightarrow$ Blow dry, body permanent were used. (4) Establishment Period - Straight Style : Use of straight permanent. - Thick Wave Style : Development of various kinds of rod. - Hair Coloring : Advent of diverse fashion hair coloring, apart from the coloring of white hair, with the introduction of color TV. - Bob Style : Romantic bob style $^{\circ}\hat{E}$ Use of clippers and thinning scissors. Thus, the changes of hairstyle according to the development in hairdressing industry had close relationship with the improvement in hairdressing appliances.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.337-350
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• 2004

Because of a security problem and not enough IPv4 address space, the home network has been made up of private network, and it has been separated from Internet. This fact prevents people in Internet from controlling and monitoring home appliances. So, this paper designs and Implements the UPnP Proxy System which offers functions for users to control and monitor home appliances. When users are in the outside of the home network, they do not know which devices were connected in the home network because the advertisement messages of UPnP devices would not be delivered to the outside of the home network. Also, users cannot access devices directly, and their control messages are not delivered into the home network. So, this paper designs and implements the UPnP Proxy System to solve these problems. The merit of the system is that users can control and monitor home appliances in realtime using presentation web documents with the HTTP push technology.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2021

In this study, we propose a deep learning-based NILM technique using actual measured power data for 5 kinds of home appliances and verify its effectiveness. For about 3 weeks, the active power of the central power measuring device and five kinds of home appliances (refrigerator, induction, TV, washing machine, air cleaner) was individually measured. The preprocessing method of the measured data was introduced, and characteristics of each household appliance were analyzed through spectogram analysis. The characteristics of each household appliance are organized into a learning data set. All the power data measured by the central power measuring device and 5 kinds of home appliances were time-series mapping, and training was performed using a LSTM neural network, which is excellent for time series data prediction. An algorithm that can disaggregate five types of energies using only the power data of the main central power measuring device is proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to reduce the probability of occurrence of electric fires as a preemptive preventive measure, and to strengthen the capability of preventing electric fires by strengthening the cooperative function between electric fire-related departments and establishing a cooperative system. In this study, the general aspects of electric fires were identified by reviewing the literature such as ignition mechanisms of electric fires. And the major electrical fires that occurred in the last 10 years were classified into ignition factors (short circuit, overload/overcurrent, and earth leakage/ground fault) and ignition sources (wiring/wiring appliances, electrical equipment/household appliances). And the 4M technique was used to analyze the potential causes of ignition at the fire site and to suggest preventive measures. In the case In this study, out of 48 electrical fires in the past 10 years, 16 short-circuit fires, 3 overload/overcurrent fires, 3 short-circuit and earth fault fires, 16 fires in wiring/wiring appliances, and 10 fires in electrical equipment/home appliances classified as cases. And prevention measures were presented in terms of human, machine, media, and management by using the 4M technique. For the preemptive prevention of electric fires, strengthening the compulsory electrical safety inspection and making it mandatory to report when new or expanding electric facilities, charging a fee for electric safety inspection for detached houses and granting benefits subject to inspection completion, improvement of the electric safety voluntary inspection table and safety indications; It was suggested as a policy to organize and operate electrical safety inspection personnel in a two-person team (mixed), establish a close work cooperation system with related organizations, and strengthen electrical safety education and publicity.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.472-478
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• 2009

The scopes of the supply chain management in construction projects has expanded from the field management focusing on field storage, transportation, and lifting to the whole supply chain from the materials to field. The expansion of the supply chain management can raise the possibilities of leaner production, which enables shortened lead time of the difficult-to-operate materials, and prevents the work interference or delay. However, the expanded management range requires more information and management than an existing management style currently used for factory production of iron frame, curtain wall, PC, etc. In addition, there are limitations that expand the existing management style into the new supply chain management in construction projects and therefore it is required to automate the existing management style in order to extend the management range. The objective of this study is to propose the process and equipment that can manage the supply chain of the materials which range from the factory production to the field storage based on RFID/USN techniques, introducing small-sized transportation equipment(intelligent pallet), the vehicle tool kit(intelligent trailer), and in-and-out management equipment(Gate Sensor) as a prototype to effectively develop the appliances for operating the proposed process, and present the application possibility of the appliances. The full paper will present then the test results that the proposed appliances for the supply chain management automatically transmit and receive the generated information between the appliances or the appliance and sever under various wireless network circumstances such as zigbee, wibro, Wi-Fi, and CDMA.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.161-168
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• 2009

In this paper, we studied about an consolidated transportation model to transport EOL (end-of-life) electronic household appliances for recycling in South Korea. The objective is to minimize the total traveling distance of the vehicles transporting EOL electronic household appliances collected by local authorities and major manufacturers' distribution centers to assigned R/C(recycling center) in South Korea. Current reverse logistics for recycling EOL electronic household appliances is operated by local authorities and major manufacturers individually, and it is inefficient for the following reasons: excessive traveling distance, transportation cost, low truck capacity utilization, and so on. The presented model is developed to solve this problem. We apply a integer programming to solve this problem and present computational results using actual field data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2005

The purposes of this study was to collect, analyze, and describe the MF exposure levels from subways in Korea and to measure and evaluate the MF levels generated from electric appliances used at general homes. The target subway lines were Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 to Line 8, Bundang Line, Incheon Line, Daegu Line, Gwangju Line, and Busan Line 1 and Line 2. We measured at each station in those subway lines and, all the train types (pantograph-equipped, motor-equipped, and common), and platform types(facing and isolating) were investigated by the distance(80, 200, 400 cm) from the train on 19 targeted subway lines using 3 magnetic field measuring devices (EMDEXII, Enertech Co.) during the survey from January till October, 2004. On the other hand, the levels of the 60Hz magnetic fields generated from 14 items of home electric appliances such as electric blankets, hair dryers, electric razors, etc. were measured at 10 general homes using 5 EMDEXII meters with a sampling interval of 1.5 second by the distance(surface, 30, 50, 100, 300cm ) from the target electric appliances. The survey results in the whole subway lines examined in this study were as follows; Seoul Metropolitan Line 4 using AC(alternating current) power source showed the highest mean value of $2.85{\mu}T$, followed by Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 running between Seoul and Incheon using AC($2.78{\mu}T$), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 between Seoul and Uijongbu using AC($2.73{\mu}T$), Bundang Line using AC($1.79{\mu}T$), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 connected from Yongsan using AC($1.67{\mu}T$), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 between Seoul and Suwon using AC($0.79{\mu}T$), and so on. In general, the intensity of the magnetic field in the subway systems in Korea was significantly higher when using AC($2.14{\pm}0.91{\mu}T$) than when using DC($0.29{\pm}0.44{\mu}T$) power source. Among the home electric appliances examined, microwave ovens showed the highest mean value of $7.69{\mu}T$, followed by hair dryers($6.47{\mu}T$), vacuum cleaners($5.27{\mu}T$), televisions ($2.26{\mu}T$), electric blankets($1.38{\mu}T$), personal computers ($0.81{\mu}T$), and so on. Two items of electric appliances showed the excess value of $0.2{\mu}T$ at the distance of 30cm in the MF exposure level; electric razors $1.58{\pm}2.13{\mu}T$ and vacuum cleaners $0.48{\pm}0.44{\mu}T$. As a whole, this study showed a tendency that the shift of the MF levels according to the increase of distance from the electric appliances was lower than those of the results surveyed in UK and USA. As a result, this study is expected to suggest meaningful data for the future study in exposure assessment of magnetic fields and for the establishment of guidelines for subways and electric appliances in Korea. More detailed and large scaled exposure assessment studies should be performed continuously to get the various and useful information on health risk assessment of MFs in Korea.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2007

The control of electrical appliances residing in the home network can be accomplished via Internet with the UPnP expansion without modifying an existing UPnP. In this paper, we propose the Internet Gateway that consists of an UPnP IGD(Internet Gateway Device) DCP(Device Control Protocol) and an UPnP Bridge as a system to control electrical appliances of home network. UPnP IGD DCP is to enable the configurable initiation and sharing of Internet connections as well as assuring advanced connection-management features and management of host configuration service. It also supports transparent Internet access by non-UPnP-certified devices. UPnP Bridge searches for local home network devices by sending control messages, while control point of UPnP Bridge looks up devices of interest on the Internet, subsequently furnishing the inter-networking controlling among devices which belong to different home network systems. With our approach, devices on one home network can control home electrical appliances on the other home network via Internet through IGD DCP with control commands of UPnP.