• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2017

This study examines on the relationship of appearance instrumentality and appearance-related variables (appearance concern, appearance management behavior) of college students. Questionnaires were administered to 313 college students living in Daegu. The SPSS 20.0 package was utilized for data analysis which included frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, cross tabulation analysis and t-test. Three factors of appearance instrumentality(love relationship, social achievement, interpersonal relationship), two groups of appearance concern(high, low) and five factors of appearance management behavior(skin care/cosmetics usage behavior, body management behavior, plastic surgery behavior, hair management behavior, fashion management behavior) were utilized for the problem analysis of the study. The results of this study were: First, there was no significant differences in the appearance concern group according to appearance instrumentality. Second, appearance instrumentality had a significant differences on appearance management behavior. Social achievement showed a significant differences in plastic surgery behavior. And love relationship showed a significant differences on plastic surgery behavior and fashion management behavior. Third, the appearance concern had a significant differences on all of appearance management behavior. High group of appearance concern showed a higher average than low group of appearance concern in fashion management behavior, skin care/cosmetics usage behavior, hair management behavior, plastic surgery behavior, body management behavior.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.259-273
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to analyze male college students' awareness and behaviors toward appearance management, and expenditure for appearance management. Male subjects' appearance management behaviors were focused on hair, skin, cosmetic surgery, fashion and body shape. A chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were used. The major findings were as follows: (1) The mean of male college students' 'awareness toward appearance management' is 30.01(out of a possible 50). (2) The variables that significantly influenced their awareness toward appearance management are 'an allowance amount per month' and 'household income'. (3) Subjects' most preferred behavior is a variable of 'fashion care' in the appearance management(29.9%). (4) Appearance management behavior is different, according to demographic variables and awareness toward appearance management. (5) The mean of 'monthly expenditure for appearance management' is 247,194won. Consequently, the study shows that there is a most significant relation of 'awareness toward appearance management' to 'expenditure for appearance management'

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

This study examines the effect of sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance comparison on appearance management behavior by adolescents. The study examines the differences of the effect relationships among the three variables according to adolescents' sex and school grade. The questionnaire was administrated to 575 middle school and high school students in Gwangju from September 2-8, 2011. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis by SPSS for WIN program. The results were as follows. First, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance was composed of two factors: internalization and awareness. Adolescent's appearance management behavior was composed of four factors: hair and style, face, weight, and neatness. There are significant differences on sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance management behavior by gender, age (girl/middle, boy/middle, girl/high, boy/high). Second, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance significantly influenced appearance management behavior with significant differences among groups. Third, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance significantly influenced the appearance comparison and there are significant differences among groups. Fourth, appearance comparison significantly influenced appearance management behavior with significant differences among groups. Fifth, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance mediated by appearance comparison statistically did not influence appearance management behavior.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.358-365
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of appearance confidence in the relationship between the expected value of appearance management and beauty management behavior of college students. For data collection, 300 questionnaires were distributed among the students of a 4-year university in Gwangju, Republic of Korea from April 12 to 22, 2022; 273 copies were collected, and 259 copies were used as the final sample. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the collected data, and the results were as follows. First, the expected value of appearance management had a positive (+) effect on beauty management behavior. Second, the expected value of appearance management had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on beauty management behavior. Taken together, the results of the study show that the higher the level of social internalization, play and sympathy values, and appearance confidence of the expected value of appearance management, the higher the college students' beauty management behavior. Taken together, the results of the study show that the higher the level of social internalization, play conformity value, and appearance confidence of the expected value of appearance management, the higher the college students' beauty management behavior. This was confirmed to act as a reinforcing mechanism.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.468-478
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in appearance management behaviors and demographic variables among groups classified by the appearance management motives. The questionaries are administerd to 493 female and male adults above 20 years old in Seoul, Kyeonggi-do, Daegu and Kyungpook regions. For analysis of data from 478 respondents, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, ANOVA, Duncan test and ${\chi}^2$ test were applied. We show the following results: First, factor analysis for appearance management motives extracted three factors such as self-development, emphasis on the trendy appearance, and sexual appealing motive. Factor analysis for appearance management behaviors extracted four factors such as weight training, surgery/skin care, hair care and clothing selection. Second, three groups of the appearance management motives were classified into such as the social self-management type, the sexual appealing self-management type, the passive appearance management type. The social self-management groups are more interested in self-development, emphasis on the trendy appearance, and sexual appealing motive. And they are also more involved in appearance management behaviors: clothing selection is the most pursuing appearance management behavior. Third, among the demographic variables, the single and female in 20s and 30s with higher level of education belonged to the social self-management group. In this contribution, we find significant differences in the appearance management behavior and demographic variables classified by the appearance management motives.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.63-77
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and objectified body consciousness on male consumer' appearance management behavior. The subjects were 648 males aged from 20 to 59 years old, and the questionnaire consisted of sociocultural attitude toward appearance, objectified body consciousness, appearance management behavior, and subject' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, and regression analysis. The results were as follows. Three dimensions(appearance importance awareness, slimness importance awareness, and internalization) were emerged on sociocultural attitude toward appearance. Three dimensions(body shame, body surveillance, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness. Five dimensions(skin, hair, body, fashion, and plastic surgery management) were emerged on appearance management behavior. In sociocultural attitude toward appearance dimensions, appearance importance awareness and internalization had important effects on appearance management behavior. In objectified body consciousness dimensions, body shame and control belief had important effects on appearance management behavior. This results concluded that sociocultural attitude toward appearance and objectified body consciousness are important variables to understand on male consumer' appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.17-35
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to present empirically the factors in appearance management behavior, the differences in appearance management behavior according to various occupational characteristics and demographic characteristics, and the degree of efforts to manage appearance for workers. The questionnaire was administered to 1,056 male and female workers in 10 occupational categories in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, analyses of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. The results of the study are as follows. First, the factors of workers' appearance management behavior consist of 'appearance management for decoration' and 'appearance management for a good feeling'. Workers perform appearance management behavior for a good feeling more than appearance management behavior for decoration. Second, there were statistically significant differences in the appearance management behaviors of the workers according to occupational categories, the size of the organization, the presence of the dress code in the workplace. Third, there were statistically significant differences in the management behaviors of workers by gender of demographic characteristics. Fourth, the largest number of monthly average expense for appearance management was 100,000~300,000 won (44.1%), and the largest number of daily average time for appearance management was 30 minutes~1 hour (45.5%). This study presents the tendency of appearance management behaviors according to the occupational characteristics and demographic characteristics of workers and helps the marketer in the appearance industry understand the target customer clearly.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the appearance management motives and body image perception according to males' appearance management behavior. A set of questionnaire was administered to 398 male consumers. Data were analyzed by utilizing frequency, factor analysis, ANONA, cluster analysis, and crosstabs. Factor analysis of body image perception extracted four factors such as appearance concern, appearance satisfaction, exercise ability, and weight control. Four groups of the appearance management behavior were classified into such as health oriented, active figure management, indifference to personal appearance, and fashion/skin care by cluster analysis. All groups pursued sociality in appearance management motives. The active figure management group showed highest concern about in all the appearance management motives and body image perception.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the effect of talent types and self-appearance perception on make-up and hair appearance management behaviour in 367 adults(female and male). The present study is the first to consider both human talent type and the self-appearance perception on make-up and hair appearance management behaviour correlates to appearance management behaviour. Correlation analysis showed that there were statistically significant correlation between the talent types, the self-appearance perception and the make-up and hair appearance management behaviour, appearance managing reason, appearance managing area, and consulting with doctor related to appearance unsatisfaction. Also, regression analysis revealed that the effects of interpersonal talent, bodily kinesthetic talent among 8 talent types on the make-up and hair appearance management behaviour were significant, and that the effects of real and ideal self-appearance perception factors on the make-up and hair appearance management behaviour were significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.518-527
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• 2014

This study examined the effect of media involvement on appearance evaluation, appearance stress, and appearance management behavior. Data were collected from 315 female university students in Daejeon and Chungnam from May to June 2013. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, path analysis using the SPSS-WIN 20.0, AMOS 20.0 program. The results of this study were as follows. First, media involvement were classified into low and high groups. There were significant differences in appearance evaluation by level of involvement. The low group of media involvement indicated a more positive appearance evaluation than the high group. Second, there were significant differences in the appearance management behavior by level of involvement. Third, media involvement directly affected appearance evaluation and appearance management behavior. Appearance evaluation affected appearance stress and appearance management behavior. This study verified the structural relationship of media involvement, appearance stress, and appearance management behavior as outward behavior variables.