• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.56-65
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• 2017

This study investigated quality characteristics of sourdough bread using fermented fig. Bread containing sourdough, compared with control group, showed high inclination in moisture content. Sample with 20% of sourdough was the highest, and sample with 40% of sourdough was the lowest. There was a significant difference among samples. As for appearance and cross structure of sourdough bread with fermented fig, there was an inclination that the bigger sourdough bread is, the bigger cell is and the more even its structure is. As for the chromaticity, sample with 20% of sourdough showed the lowest value of L and value of b. Value of L and b got lower as its volume got bigger. Value of a, on the one hand, showed no fixed inclination. As for textural characteristics, sourdough bread showed lower hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess, and higher springiness and cohesiveness than control group. There were significant differences among all items, but there was no significant difference in hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess among samples. Changes in result of sensory analysis suggested that sample with 20% of sourdough showed the highest overall preference including color, flavor, taste, and appearance. On the other hand, sample with 40% of sourdough showed the lowest overall preference. Considering preference through sensory analysis and quality characteristics of sourdough bread with fermented fig, therefore, it seemed that sourdough bread with 20% of sourdough had the best characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.41-58
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• 1984

Zinc was electrodeposited from cyanide solutions at temperature from 20$^{\circ}C\;to\;40^{\circ}C$ in the range of current density from 0.5 to 8A/$dm^2$. The preferred orientation changed from (10.3)+(11.0) to (11.0) texture with increasing cathode overpotential in the additive free solution, while the (11.0) preferred orientation developed at lower overpotentials (800-1270 mV) and the (11.0)+(10.0) preferred orientation was formed at higher overpotential (1300-1400mV) in the solution with brightner. Mossy type of morphology developed mostly in the additive free deposits and the microstructure of the cross section of the above deposits changed from columar structure to granular structure with increasing overpotential. The surface appearance of the deposits with additive having (11.0) texture was the smooth deposit of very small crystallite, while that of the deposits having (11.0)+(10.0) texture was fine crystalline deposit. The microstructure of the cross section of them was the fine field oriented type of structure.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1029-1040
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• 2015

Effects of punching and drying process on quality of Yukwa were determined. Lightness (L) of Yukwa dough with punching was higher than that with no punching. Air cell distribution of Yukwa dough was fine with higher punching. Microstructure of Yukwa dough showed a broken surface structure with increasing punching. Hardness and adhesiveness of Yukwa dough decreased after 5 min of punching and then increased with higher punching. Expansion ratio of Yukwa base with punching at 155 rpm for 5 min was highest among the samples. Appearance of Yukwa base with no punching showed a poor shape and cross section, whereas Yukwa base with punching at 95 rpm for 10 min showed the best appearance and cross section and Yukwa base with punching at 155 rpm for 5 min also showed good appearance. The moisture content of Yukwa Bandegi after 24 hr of drying was 14.93%. Microstructure of Yukwa Bandegi showed a broken surface structure and empty spaces with increased drying time. Expansion ratio of Yukwa base with 24 hr of drying at $40^{\circ}C$ was highest among the samples. Overall, optimum punching conditions were 10 min of punching at 95 rpm or 5 min of punching at 155 rpm and optimum drying condition was 24 hr of drying at $40^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.138-154
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• 2008

The conventional non-dig underground structure building method which made an appearance to reduce the social and environmental costs and maximize the efficiency of the social overhead capital facilities could not help being uneconomical because of many problems such as unnecessary excessive excavation, water leakage, obstacle interference, difficulty of curvilinear application and connection complexity between propelled and injected bodies due to indiscriminate application of small and large circular steel pipes without consideration of the site conditions. The T.S.T.M, in which a protruded square tube is applied as a propulsion and injection body in a design that considered site conditions such as ground condition, depth of soil and live load, was able to be economical as it solved the problems of water resistance, minimization of obstacle interference and curvilinearity, and we can see that it can be applied to all grounds by utilizing or complementing the target ground in terms of engineering. Also in configuring the transverse section, it is possible to not only secure excellent structural safety but also implement all of the above engineering characteristics not only in the square cross section but also in the arch cross section, so it was possible to build structures on any section or ground, and we could confirm the LCC reduction effect and the VE effect.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.133-155
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• 2013

The earthquake responses are studied for the tall flexible structures such as TV towers when the vertical eccentricities between the discrete nodes and the corresponding centroids of investigated lumps are considered. In practical analyses, the tall flexible structures can be made into a spatial-discrete system of some certain length of beam elements with different lengths and cross-sectional areas. These elements are used to construct the investigated lumps in this paper. The different cross-sectional areas and the different lengths of two adjacent elements lead to the appearance of vertical eccentricity between the discrete node and the centroid of investigated lump within the same investigated lump. Firstly, the governing equations are established for a typical investigated lump. Secondly, the calculating formulae of the forces and moments acting on the investigated lump are derived and provided. Finally the new dynamic equilibrium equations with modified mass matrix and assemblage of stiffness matrix have been derived for the stick MDOF model based on beam theory when the existing vertical eccentricities are considered. Numerical results demonstrate that these vertical eccentricities should be considered in order to obtain the accurate earthquake responses for the tall flexible structures.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1979

Electron microscopic studies were carried out to investigate the fine structure of ommatidia of the compound eyes in Meimuna mongolica D. The crystalline cone appears round, and is composed of four double-membraned cone cells and surrounded by pigment cells having many pigment granules. The rhabdom is a closed type, and is composed of four rhabdomeres Its cross section reveals lamellated microvilli which are oriented in four different directions suggesting that these represent four photoreceptive sites. The microvilli, in a cross sectional view, are hexagonal in shape with a central axis inside. There are usually eight retinular cells arranged radially from the rhabdom, but in some retinular layers seven or nine retinular cells could be observed. The cytoplasm of each retinular cell is interconnected with that of microvilli of the rhabdomere, but the appearance of this interconnection varies depending on the number of retinular cells.'The retinlilar cells neighboring the microvilli seem to have well-developed perirhabdomal vacuoles and mitochondria as well as pigment granules surrounding these vacuoles.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.730-736
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• 1999

The roundnose flounder's (Eopsetta grigorjewi) spermiogenesis and fine structure of the spermatozoon were examined by means of the scanning and transmission electron microscopy, During the spermiogenesis, the chromatin of the spermatid became fine granular form, and progressively condensed into many large globules, finally homogeneously condensed in the spermatozoan head. The main characteristics of the spermiogenesis were the disappearanre of Golgi complex, the appearance of microfilament the reduction of mitochondria and the appearance of Iysosome in the cytoplasm. A spermatozoon consisted of head and tail, but the acrosome was absent. The cytoplasmic collar containing seven mitochondria was observed in the posterior part of the head. The well-developed axonemal lateral fins were observed in the tail. The cross section of the axial filament showed '9+2' axonemal structure of microtubules, and the numerous vesicles were observed in the cytoplasm.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.3 s.20
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.20-28
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• 2016

This study has developed an organic/inorganic hybrid solution by addition of $SiO_2$ polysilicate and Melamine to the urethane. The three types of cold rolled steel were evaluated a corrosion resistance properties by using these solutions. The urethane solution(U) and the urethane solution with $SiO_2$ polysilicate($US_7$) were generate a lot of corrosion. The urethane solution with $SiO_2$ polysilicate and melamine($US_7M_3$) was excellent in corrosion resistance, regardless of the steel type. In addition, corrosion resistance has been shown to depend on the tensile strength. The appearance of coating by U and $US_7$ solution is bumpy surface, and were a lot of fine defects. $US_7M_3$ solution is made a sophisticated molecular cross-linking structure inside the coating, it was a slick surface. Other characteristics are exhibited the excellent property for all solutions.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.5-13
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• 2017

This study has developed an organic/inorganic hybrid solution according to amount of $SiO_2$ polysilicate, and the amount of melamine is constant. The three types of cold rolled steel were evaluated a corrosion resistance properties by using these solutions. $US_3M_3$ and $US_{11}M_3$ solutions were generate a lot of corrosion. $US_7M_3$ solution was excellent in corrosion resistance, regardless of the steel type. The appearance of coating by $US_3M_3$ and $US_{11}M_3$ solutions were bumpy surface, and were a lot of fine defects. $US_7M_3$ solution was made a sophisticated molecular cross-linking structure inside the coating, it was a slick surface. Other characteristics are exhibited the excellent property for all solutions.