• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.886-891
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• 2013

We analyzed surface sediments to explain the substrate characteristics of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus habitat. The analyses included grain-size determination, water content (WC), loss on ignition (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content. We obtained data on sea cucumber density, weight, and length at each station in a marine farming area in the middle of Korea's Taean coast on the West (Yellow) Sea in May, 2012. The apparent density of S. japonicus was high in coarse and bimodal sediments, whereas it was low in fine and unimodal sediments. The mass of S. japonicus was greater in fine than in coarse sediments, showing a different trend from sea cucumber density. The values for WC, IL, COD, and AVS in surface sediments were higher in areas with high densities of S. japonicus than in areas with low sea cucumber densities. In particular, the concentration of AVS was much higher than the value proposed in Japanese criteria for areas with high S. japonicus density.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1-16
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• 2003

This study seeks to find new strategies for the development of Tapgol Park and to identify Programs to promote this development. In addition, the study specifies the purpose and meaning of these efforts by revealing social aspects not apparent in the physical form of the site, and reading how these aspects influenced the development of Tapgol Park Because the focus of the study lies in reading cultural aspects of the site which have to be understood within the context of their social circumstances, the study drew materials from mass media such as newspapers and literary magazines, which best reflect these social aspects. Interpreting the over 100 you history of Tapgol Park in a cultural context, the study found a meaningful suggestion that such a small urban place located in a city forms a cultural identity in the course of communicating with its surrounding social situations. The change in the identity of Tapgol Park has been sensitive to changing social circumstances rather than the physical structure of the space. The original function of Tapgol Park as a traditional city park has gradually changed towards strengthening social functions, much like the character of an urban plaza. In the process of change the park developed a unique culture. This park culture, however, came not from the original design but from its close interactions with social circumstances changing over time. At the same time, the change in identity seen in Tapgol Park has not been fresh formed. It can be said that the inertia came into light with the potential powers under the place over the long history having been combined into the then social circumstances. In early 2002, the park re-opened, refurbished as one of the relics of the March 1st Movement. Investigating how cultural inertias that have been developing in various forms to date will change and be maintained in this new paradigm is an important assignment for researchers.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2001

Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 DSM 11726 was found to grow continuously when it was transferred from 30$\^{C}$ to 40$\^{C}$ and 43$\^{C}$. A shift in growth temperature from 30$\^{C}$ to 45$\^{C}$, 47$\^{C}$ and 50$\^{C}$ reduced the viability of the cell population by more than 10$^2$, 10$^3$and 10$\^$5/ folds, respectively, after 1h cultivation. Cells transferred to 47$\^{C}$ and 50$\^{C}$ after preincubation for 15 min at 43$\^{C}$, however, exhibited 10-fold increase in viability. It was found that incubation for 15 min at 40$\^{C}$ of Methylovorus sp. strain SSl grown at 30$\^{C}$ was sufficient to accelerate the synthesis of a specific subset of proteins. The major heat shock proteins had apparent molecular masses of 90, 70, 66, 60, and 58 kDA. The 60 and 58 kDa proteins were found to cross-react with the antiserum raised against GroEL protein. The heat shock response persisted for over 1h. The shock proteins were stable for 90 min in the cell. Exposure of the cells to methanol induced proteins identical to the heat shock proteins. Addition of ethanol induced a unique protein with a molecular mass of about 40 kDa in addition to the heat-induced proteins. The proteins induced in paraquat-treated cells were different from the heat shock proteins, except the 70 and 60 kDa proteins.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1994

Membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) was purified to homogeneous state fron an acetic acid producing bacteria, Acetobacter sp. HA. The enzyme was purified about 153-fold with an overall yield of 35% from the crude cell extract by solubilization and extraction of the enzyme with Triton X-100 and subsequent fractions by column chromatography. Upon sodium dodecyl sulphate-PAGE, the enzyme showed the presence of three subunits with a molecular mass of 79,000 daltons, 49,000, and 45,000 daltons, respectively. Absorption oxidized aliphatic alcohols with a straight carbon chain except for methanol. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were also oxidizable substrates. The apparent $K_m$ for ethanol was 1.38mM. The optimun pH and temperature were 5.0~6.0 and 32${\circ}C$, respectively. $V_2O_5$ and heavy metals such as $ZnCl_2\;and\; NiCl_2$ were inhibitory to the enzyme activity.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.61-75
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• 1998

The Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles was an experimental project that Le Corbusier had been waiting for since 1920s in order to explore his ideals and visions in mass housing and city planning. As a leader of the first generation members in CIAM, Le Corbusier tried to give a new form and an order to the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in both building design and city planning level. The purpose of this research is to investigate the design characteristics of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in three different levels of built environment with a particular emphasis on the process through which an original form is derived from its contextual settings. In the level of city planning, Le Corbusier aimed to reshape traditional low-rise urban housing by deploying several Unites spaciously. Le Corbusier believed that the spacious deployment of Unites would bring us both the functional economy in the city and the natural amenity in the suburbs. As Unite d'Habitation would be called frequently as vertical garden city, the influence of suburban garden city on Unite d'Habitation is apparent. In the building level, the binomial harmony of individual-collectivity was pursued by providing three different public floors and by combining 23 different family unit types in the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. In order to visualize the concept of object-type, family units were prefabricated and inserted into the structural frame of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. Two family units are combined to make a three-story section with street corridor in the middle. This three-story section unit is very original as it has access corridor every third floor and each unit could have considerable depth with the help of the living space of two story height. In consideration of formal and plan similarity as well as contextual edivdence, it is concluded that the three-story section of the Unite d'Habitation is derived more from Narkomfin Apartments than from the monastery at Ema or Immuble Villas.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of daily exercise before steroid treatment on mass, the type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hindlimb muscles in a rat model. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group(n=10) that had a normal saline injection for 7days, a steroid group(n=10) that had a steroid injection for 7days, and an exercise-steroid group(n=10) that ran on the treadmill for 7days before a steroid treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Result: The exercise-steroid group showed significant increases as compared with the steroid group in body weight, muscle weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius, type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius. As compared with the control group, the steroid group showed significant decreases in body weight and diet intake, muscle weight, the type II fiber cross-sectional area and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Daily exercise before steroid treatment attenuates hindlimb muscle atrophy, with type II muscle changes more apparent than type I muscle changes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.395-401
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• 2014

In this work, the reaction characteristics for the non-catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate were analyzed. The esterification reaction was assumed as the pseudo homogeneous $2^{nd}$ order reversible reaction and 'reaction effectiveness factor (${\eta}$)' was used to take accounts into evaporation and reaction of water and methanol, which take place simultaneously in the liquid phase. The nonlinear programming was used to derive appropriate kinetic parameters, the reaction rate constant and mass transfer coefficient, minimizing the error between experimental data and the numerical values. Based on these parameters, the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 43.98 kJ/mol.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2002

We report a very rare case of mediastinal tuberculosis in a 57-year old woman who presented with a large mediastinal cyst on chest radiography. She had a 10-year history of exertional dyspnea, but felt comfortable at a rest. A subsequent chest CT suggested a mediastinal cyst with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and communicating pericardial sac. She underwent a thoracotomy and excision of the mass, which was histologically revealed to be of tuberculous origin. Although rare, the apparent increase in the incidence of tuberculosis may result mediastinal cysts being diagnosed mediastinal tuberculosis. We also briefly review mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.575-581
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• 2013

We examined the effect of starvation on the occurrence of tunic softness to determine the cause of mass mortality of cultured Halocynthia roretzi (Drasche) in the Tongyeong region, Korea. In terms of the survival rate of H. roretzi and the occurrence rate of tunic softness, H. roretzi starved for 35 days at water temperatures of 8, 12, and $15^{\circ}C{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ (room temperature of $15^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) did not exhibit tunic softness at water temperatures of either $8^{\circ}C$ or $12^{\circ}C$. for morphological changes, although the tunic of H. roretzi was shrunken and became visibly smaller with a darkening color in all experimental groups, as compared to the state prior to starvation, its tunics bulbs continuously. The ratio of RNA/DNA concentrations and protein contents for each of the tunic sections were lower in the starved group. Our results indicate that tunic softness is not related to feeding deficiency, as no histopathological symptoms were apparent in the digestive gland or tunic of H. roretzi due to starvation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.358-367
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• 2007

A novel mannose-binding tuber lectin with in vitro antiproliferative activity towards human cancer cell lines and antiviral activity against HSV-II was isolated from fresh tubers of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decne by a combined procedure involving extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-SEPHAROSE, CM-SEPHAROSE and gel-filtration on sephacryl S-200. The apparent molecular mass of the purified Typhonium divaricatum lectin (TDL) was 48 kDa. TDL exhibits hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes at 0.95 $\mu$g/ml, and its activity could be strongly inhibited by mannan, ovomucoid, asialofetuin and thyroglobulin. TDL showed antiproliferative activity towards some well established human cancer cell lines, e.g. Pro-01 (56.7 $\pm$ 6.8), Bre-04 (41.5 $\pm$ 4.8), and Lu-04 (11.4 $\pm$ 0.3). The anti-HSV-II activity of TDL was elucidated by testing its HSV-II infection inhibitory activity in Vero cells with $TC_50$ and $EC_50$ of 5.176 mg/ml and 3.054 $\mu$g/ml respectively. The full-length cDNA sequence of TDL was 1145 bp and contained an 813-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 271 amino acid precursor of 29-kDa. Homology analysis showed that TDL had high homology with many other mannose-binding lectins. Secondary and three-dimensional structures analyses showed that TDL is heterotetramer and similar with lectins from mannose-binding lectin superfamily, especially those from family Araceae.