• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-102
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• 2007

Consumers evaluate stores by comparing stores that we, in their minds, similar and are competitive with one another; and in this way, the term "consideration set of stores" is defined as those store alternatives the consumer is aware of and evaluates positively. The purpose of this study is to aid in understanding the consideration set of stores in store choice processes in apparel product purchases. More specifically, this study aims to clarify the relation between consideration set of stores and importance of store image. As a result, the respondents of quantitative study were classified into seven groups by the number of stores and store types they considered: 1) "small-road shop sets group" ; 2) "small-market sets group" ; 3) "small- department store sets group" ; 4) "small-department store/outlet sets group" ; 5) "large-department store/market sets group" ; 6) "large-department store/road shop sets group" ; and 7) "large-department store sets group". Further, significant differences among the groups in the importance of store image were observed. For example, low prices were an important factor in both the small-market considering group and large-department store/market considering group when choosing a retail store, there were also differences in the considering groups in that for the small-department store considering group, store mileage-discount cards were important whereas ample space for relaxation around the stores were important retail store selection factors for the large-department store/road shop considering group. This study may provide a useful direction to retailers in finding out who the target customers and competitive stores are and allow retailers to make proper marketing strategies.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-122
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• 2010

In this study, it is explored whether positive and negative emotions affected hedonic and utilitarian values experienced while shopping apparel in the Internet. In addition, the effect of hedonic and utilitarian shopping values on store approach behaviors was explored. For this study, Babin and Attaway's research model that was used for off-line shopping malls was adopted to investigate the relationships among research variables. Data obtained through experiments with 278 female college students were submitted for an analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with AMOS 6.0 were used to analyze data. Based on the model test, negative emotions negatively affected hedonic and utilitarian shopping value perception while positive emotions positively affected hedonic and utilitarian shopping value perception for the Internet apparel shopping site. Hedonic and utilitarian shopping values positively influenced attitude toward the Internet shopping site while only utilitarian shopping value affected revisiting Internet apparel shopping site. Managerial and academic implications were generated based on results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.779-803
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• 2023

The growth of digital news media and the stock price index has resulted in economic fluctuations in the fashion industry. This study examines the impact of fashion industry news and macroeconomic changes on the Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI over the past five years. An auto-regressive integrated moving average exogenous time series model was conducted using the fashion industry stock market index, the news topic index, and macro-economic indicators. The results indicated the topics of "Cosmetic business expansion" and "Digital innovation" impacted the Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI after one week, and the topics of "Pop-up store," "Entry into the Chinese fashion market," and "Fashion week and trade show" affected it after two weeks. Moreover, the topics of "Cosmetic business expansion" and "Entry into the Chinese fashion market" were statistically significant in the macroeconomic environment. Regarding the effect relation of Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI, "Cosmetic business expansion," "Entry into the Chinese fashion market," and consumer price fluctuation showed negative effects, while the private consumption change rate, producer price fluctuation, and unemployment change rate had positive effects. This study analyzes the impact of media framing on fashion industry business cycles and provides practical insights into managing stock market risk for fashion companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.282-296
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• 2012

This study identified the types of motives for reading consumer reviews of apparel products for online stores and classified shoppers into the groups based on motives. Data were collected from eleven Korean women by a focus group interview and from 313 females by an online survey. Respondents were in their 20s' and 30s' with significant experience reading consumer reviews of apparel products for online stores. The seven motives found by interviews were reduced to four types of motives by factor analysis: Right product choice and judgment of product value, risk reduction, saving time and money, and fun/killing time. The motive for the right product choice and judgment of product value was the highest and the motive for fun/killing time was the lowest. Consumers were classified into four groups based on motives: Utilitarian shoppers (25.8%), shopping-task oriented shoppers (36.8%), multiple-motive shoppers (19.7%), and moderate-motive shoppers (17.7%). There were significant differences among age groups and the amount of reading reviews posted on a product and the duration of reading reviews for online stores. In addition, managerial implications were developed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.984-998
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze contents of clothing product evaluation statements in the internet shopping mall and to discover consumers' recognition and evaluation of it. The data were collected from 151 consumers' statements in the four internet apparel shopping malls and a questionnaire was developed to measure consumers' recognition of clothing product evaluation statements. The questionnaire was administrated 272 consumers over 18 years old. The results of this study were as follows; First, The contents of clothing product evaluation statements in the internet shopping blog, were divided into three categories which were product, service and consumer buying decision process. Product category include evaluation of clothing product, description of difference between real product and product on the screen, and advice of uses. Service category include quickness and kindness in delivery, store preference for good service. For consumer buying decision process, motivation of purchasing, perceived risk, expression of satisfaction from good buying and canvassing for purchasing were included. Second, consumer recognized that clothing product evaluation statements has function of furnishing information, confirmation of purchasing decision, risk reduction of internet shopping, and interesting entertainment. Consumers also were dependent on product evaluation statements for making purchasing decision. And it was trusted by consumers. This recognition & evaluation were correlated with consumer's clothing product knowledge, involvement, risk perception of internet shopping, experiences of internet shopping. Managerial implications are provided for internet shopping mall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.761-774
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• 2011

This study investigated the consumer review information considered important by consumers when making a purchase decision to buy apparel products online. Data were collected through focus group interviews. Eleven females in their 20s and 30s, who have extensive experience in reading consumer reviews posted on online apparel stores, participated in the study. The consumer review information considered important by participants is the information related to seven product attributes (size, fabric, design, color, sewing, price, and country of origin), seven benefits (functional, financial, esthetic, emotional, social, utilitarian benefits, and product value compared to price) of the apparel product and four store attributes (return/refund, delivery, reputation/credibility, and customer service). The findings from the study can serve as an important tool in developing survey questions in order to evaluate the quality of consumer review information and help online retailers plan methods to improve the quality of reviews.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.3 s.162
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• pp.387-397
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• 2007

Due to the recent trend of relationship marketing and characteristics of the apparel retail industry that relys heavily on employees' performance, internal marketing toward the employees gives a critical influence on firms' overall performance. This study is aiming at the factors of internal marketing and relationship management that enhance positive attitude toward change. A survey questionnaire was developed and about two hundreds department store sales staffs working for apparel brands participated in the empirical study. Factor analysis ensured the existence of five aspects of internal marketing: educational training, internal communication, power endorsement, management capability and incentive system. Results indicated that age, marital status, years of employment, position rank, and salary types of salespersons had significant influence on internal marketing factors. Incentive system had significant influence on internal customer relationship management. Internal customer relationship management had significant impact on employees' attitude toward change. Educational training had significant influence on employees' perceived importance of change. Educational training, power endorsement and incentive system affected employees' perceived outcome of change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.7 s.144
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find out consumer's store patronage mix behavior among different types of apparel stores according to interaction between clothing items and situations. The subjects of this study were female adults who lived in Seoul. The sampling method was quota sampling. The data was obtained from 391 questionnaires. The data were analyzed using frequency, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and two-way ANOVA by means of SPSS. The results were as follows; 1. According to, clothing items, store patronage mix of consumer was found to be significantly different in cases of department stores and high-fashion boutiques, brand stores, discount stores of famous brands, mass-wholesale stores and mass-agent stores. 2. According to the situations, patronized store types were found to be significantly different among department store and high-fashion boutiques, brand stores, discount stores of famous brands, mass-wholesale stores and mass-agent stores. In a gift-purchasing situation, department stores and high-fashion boutiques got the highest score, in a self-usage situation, mass-wholesale stores, discount stores of famous brands and brand stores got the highest score. 3. Store patronage mix of consumer was found to be significantly related to the interaction between clothing items and situations. Department stores and high-fashion boutiques have the highest score far a consumer to purchase a suit for a gift, meanwhile brand stores have the highest score for self·usage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

Observation about space is looked steady in an instant, but in continuous movement, one's observation unconsciously stays at different points. In department store, customer actually observes around the store for buying, not focusing on certain point. By studying customer's movement and observation feature, buying desire and interest can be found. For analysis of the different searching-features according to the continuous-observation depending on sex, the study is set up to record movements of customers at women in Department store. The following are the findings. First, Men observed 0.2-0.4 units more in I-II section which are assumed as predominant. The result shows that men can focus on more section (around +0.4%) and longer (around +5.7%) than women do. Second, the same feature of observation depending on sex is that both men and women observe left and right section while keep focusing on middle section. Third, according to the fact that right-focused observation magnificently occurred in the image curved to right, the Space-composition has influenced on the observation of both men and women on the space. Forth, excessive number of display can cause avoidance of observation. Moreover, observation does not stay on the coverage due to wall or post, but is attracted to the brand name. As brand name causes right-focused observation in the image [(8)], brand name can be one of the reasons to attract observation in women apparel store. To sum up, this study is noticeable as it researches about continuous-observation. Furthermore, verifying the result that the composition of space and the placement of products can cause big differences in the observation feature is meaningful outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.28
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• pp.225-237
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• 1996

The product evaluation and purchasing behavior of US brand jeans have been studied. The intrinsic and extrinsic cues are usually adopted to interpret the purchasing decison making processes. Among extrinsic cues price and brand name have been studied exten-sively but country-of-origin has not been examined in Korea. With the liberalization of retail industry foreign brands are aggressively penetrating in Korean pparel market. Since the penetration of imported apparel has increased tremendously lately the consumer attitude toward foreign produced clothing has great importance. The findings of the study were 1) Price was the most important among extrinsic cues ex-cept quality. Brand name was more important than store and country-of-origin. 2) The country image had significant influence to the preference as apparel production country. 3) The evaluation and willingness to buy of the jeans were greatly influenced by the be-havioral charcteristics of consumer variables. 4) The model to predict the willingness to buy of the jeans has been developed.