• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to know how visual-field obstruction from fire smoke influences a resident's necessary time to reach fire escape and evacuation movement in a high-rise apartment housing. Generally, fire smoke not only gives visual-field obstruction and breath troubles to residents but interrupts their evacuation behavior. If a fire smoke layer is formed in the core department when evacuee enters at the evacuation staircase until, residents will be made to undergo a range of vision obstacle. In order to set a situation like that, participants wore eye bandage which had been made especially before the experiment. Also as a comparative standard, through no.1442 Japanese construction ministry notices about the building evacuation safety verification method, this study calculated smoke layer's dissent time and evacuation time. Then to compare with the former, the participants without an eye bandage joined a experiment once again. This study has understood how fire smoke effects on one's evacuation delay by analyzing residents' evacuation time to reach the staircase and movement route, however, in this study a toxic gas is not considered because it might threaten participants not to breathe.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 1999.11a
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1999

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2019

From the viewpoint of fire-fighting activities, public building have structural and management problems in fire, so evacuation disturbance and risk of expanding combustion are high. As a result of analyzing various fire fragile factors of public building, The evaluation areas were derived from safety systems, fire-fighting facility, structure safety, general safety and the evaluation factors were presented. Also, the characteristics of domestic and foreign certification systems were analyzed by comparing and analyzing the status of fire safety performance certification system for 6 domestic and overseas apartment houses. In conclusion, the 5 convergence directions of certification system and 22 evaluation items by 4 evaluation fields were derived, and based on this, we have established 3 convergence introduction plans of fire safety performance certification system of public building.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2015

In Korea, measures to maintain sustainable fire safety performance for apartment buildings are insufficient in terms of fire-fighting products, skilled personnel, and maintenance status. Also, because of the particular features of a fire compartment, it has structural problems that are very likely to cause damage to human life when a fire occurs. Currently, problems with the fire supervisory system installed in an apartment building cannot be checked in real time, so it is difficult to identify the location of a fire accurately. Protected areas are also not assigned to each household, and residents cannot be clearly informed of the occurrence of a fire. As a consequence, safety evacuation cannot be secured. In addition, it is impossible to test the operation performance for water detectors in sprinkler fire extinguishing systems outside of the household. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of a remote fire supervisory system. The results show that the system satisfies all performance requirements. Also, an household alarm system was installed in each household to alert of any occurrence of a fire accurately, and the performance of the alarm system was improved to ensure that residents were quickly evacuated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.37-38
• /
• 2017

This study identified the effects of flame on the upper by fire plume ejected. we implemented model experiment according to investigation of housing area effect, window aspect ratio and balcony availability. we confirmed that opening ratio was increased according to housing area larger. the square window confirmed that is progressing fire plume ejected of free space. According to the value of an opening aspect ratio 'n' getting higher, the horizontal widow is getting that increased the risk as the fire spread an external to the top of opening. it is determined to the fundamental solution about fire safety in the extended balcony of apartment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to improve the evacuation stability of residents in apartment fire. For this purpose, the actual condition survey about the obstacles was conducted on 3,056 escape stairs in the 183 apartments. In addition, the questionnaire investigation was carried out a survey targeting the residents of apartments about their experience of fire safety education, perception on safety management of escape stairs, and perception on fire safety. As a result of investigation, we confirmed that the obstacles were formed in the 1,916 escape stairs among the 3,056 escape stairs of the 183 apartments (percent of barricades in escape stairs: 62.70%). Furthermore, it showed that fire safety education experience was found to be 83.10% of subject. The perception on safety management of the subjects in the escape step and the perception on fire safety were $3.84{\pm}0.75%$, and $3.49{\pm}0.61$, respectively. In the results, most of the subjects had a fire safety education and knew how to safety management the escape stairs but, the practice of the safety management action was low. Based on the results in the paper, the policy proposal is that the fire safety education is emphasized to change from the perception to action.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 1990

Building become higher. larger and more complex than ever before, showing abrupt changes in building structures. forms and mechanical systems. Likewise hazads of fire and the scale of fire losses become more and more greater. Therefore. considerations for fire safety take up great portion of the building design process. In this study, problems of high-rise building fires and basic directions for fire safety of high-rise building design were studied through the statistical analysis of 138 fire cases. The results of this study are summarized as follows : ·Most of the fires in high-rise building occur on the low floors and the fire frequencies are very low on the upper floors. Fire casualties are liable to be more on the upper floors than on tile floor of fire origin. ·The important causes of evacuation failures were analyzed as being late in escape and lack of stairwell enclosures. ·The main cause of vertical fire spread is lack of stairwell enclosures. However, the fire spreads mainly through the enterior windows in apartment houses. The combustible materials in buildings act on as the major factors of horizontal fire spread and the improper fire doors play role of another the critical causes. ·The basic directions for fire safety of high-rise building design put much stress firstly on the compartmentation of the buildings effectively performing the provision of safe escape routes and the safe refuse places in buildings.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2015

A fire sprinkler system is very important to extinguish fire in the building. The sprinkler system initiates sprinkler discharge if the detection system identifies a developing fire and opens the pre-action valve. However, pre-action fire sprinkler systems mainly installed in the underground parking lot at the apartment complex do not properly operate at fire if the connection type of fire sprinkler systems does not properly installed and operated. This study identified the relationship between fire dispersion & damage and the connection type of water supply in the sprinkler system from many fire cases at the apartment complex in South Korea. In addition, this study also identified the water supply differences and characteristics between South Korea and foreign countries. The main purpose of this study is also to improve the water connection types in the sprinkler system that can reduce the potential failures of pre-action valve operation through electrical signal system. The study also suggests the improvement plan for water connection types in pre-action fire sprinkler system that can minimize potential failure of pre-action fire sprinkler system. The suggestions for revising the fire safe standard in South Korea includes letting the water supply pipe of sprinkler system water inlet connect to the second side of pre-action valve and the water flow device that can minimize potential failure of sprinkler system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2015

In this study, the reverberation time of apartment living room was measured and distribution of the reverberation time was analyzed. In addition, sound field characteristics of mock-up test room similar with living room and timber structured bedroom was investigated with addition of furniture and sound absorption material. Average reverberation time of unfurnished apartment unit was 1.11 s, and reverberation time in 630 Hz~2000 Hz bands were longer than 1.2 s. It was found that from the field measurement results, reverberation time characteristic of furnished apartment living room was uniform in most of frequency bands. Averaged reverberation time of furnished living room was 0.48 s and the reverberation time of bedroom was 0.44 s. Standardized sound pressure level correction values were calculated from the average reverberation time of furnished and unfurnished apartment units. The correction value of unfurnished living room was −3.4 dB and that of furnished living room was 0.2 dB. Measured reverberation time of furnished and unfurnished apartment units indicated that reference reverberation time; 0.5 s, in KS and ISO standards is reasonable also in Korean residential environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2012

Changes in the styles of communities are leading of increases in the number of high-rise apartments and commercial-apartment structures. Tall high-rise structures, while presenting unique economies of scale and cost effectiveness, tend to be highly engineered and complex structures. In the event of a fire, this complexity in design also results in a complexity in the behavior of fire propagation and control. High-rise structures are among the most potentially dangerous due to the high population density in the building, and the inherent limitations on evacuation and on fire control services. One of the most critical points of fire propagation is the movement of fire through the outer wall structures. Controlling such propagation is essential in controlling the spread of the fire throughout the building itself, as well as controlling the potential for its spread to adjacent buildings. In this study, we will be examining the potential for fire control design and effects mitigation using a 1/4.5 scale model. The primary focus of the study will be the effects of extended balconies into the structure of high-rise apartments. The authors will also consider the effectiveness of reduced-scale model tests.