• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.41-55
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• 2011

This study was carried out to survey and analyze the transition of landscape plants on an apartment complexes in the 1990's and 2000's. The results are summarized as follows; The ratio of landscape area was increased from 30.0% to 34.7%. The number of trees per 100 square meter decreased from 22.5 to 15.7. The number of shrub per 10 square meter increased from 19.3 to 38.7. Species of Evergreen tree were increased 21 to 39. The species that a lot of use continuously were Pinus densiflora, Pinus strobus and Taxus cuspidata. The species that increase use were Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Pinus parviflora, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis and Thuja orientalis. The species that do not use were Cedrus deodara. Species of deciduous tree were increased 42 to 68. The species that a lot of use continuously were Zelkova serrata, Acer palmatum, Diospyros kaki, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus yedoensis. The species that increase use were Lagerstroemia indica, Chionanthus retusa, Cornus officinalis, Styrax japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus mume, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Acer triflorum, Prunus sargentii, Chaenomeles sinensis and Cornus kousa. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Malus spp., Ginkgo biloba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis, Platanus orientalis and Albizzia julibrissin. The species that do not use were Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer saccharinum, Ailanthus altissima and Paulownia coreana. Species of shrub were incresed 39 to 65. The species that a lot of use continuously were Buxus koreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for. albiflorum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Syringa dilatata and Euonymus japonica. The species that increase use were Rhododendron indicum, Ilex serrata, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Kerria japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Euonymus alatus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Nandina domestica, Cornus alba, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Prunus tomentosa, Deutzia parviflora and Pyracantha angustifolia. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Hibiscus syriacus, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Chaenomeles lagenaria and Rosa spp. The species that do not use were Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Jasminum nudiflorum and Sasa borealis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

This study aims to determine whether or not the input output life cycle assessment (I-O LCA) model can be used to assess the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of buildings in initial planning phase. To ensure this end, this study proposed I-O LCA model which is the simplified LCA model and Hybrid LCA model which is the detailed LCA model, and then assessed and compared the CO2 emission of six case projects (three apartment complexes and three educational facilities) using the two LCA model. The results of the case study showed that the CO2 emissions assessed by the I-O LCA is significantly similar to the CO2 emission assessed by the Hybrid LCA model. The similarity of results from both LCA models was 78.2-86.3% in apartment complexes and 59.9-84.8% in educational facilities. However, the CO2 emissions from I-O LCA model were smaller than the CO2 emissions from Hybrid LCA model in case study. Nevertheless, the case study showed that the I-O LCA model was capable of assessing the CO2 emission of buildings quite appropriately although the I-O LCA model is the simplified LCA model which considers only the construction cost. The I-O LCA model is expected to be a useful tool for assessing the CO2 emission of buildings in initial planning phase.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.659-668
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to propose a ventilation corridor management plan to improve the thermal environment for Busan Metropolitan City. To this end, the characteristics of hot and cool spots in Busan were identified by conducting spatial statistical analysis, and thermal image data from Landsat-7 satellites and major ventilation corridors were analyzed through WRF meteorological simulation. The results showed the areas requiring thermal environment improvement among hot spot areas were Busanjin-gu, Dongnae-gu, industrial areas in Yeonje-gu and Sasang-gu, and Busan Port piers in large-scale facilities. The main ventilation corridor was identified as Geumjeongsan Mountain-Baekyangsan Mountain-Gudeoksan Mountain Valley. Based on the results, the ventilation corridor management strategy is suggested as follows. Industrial facilities and the Busan Port area are factors that increase the air temperature and worsen the thermal environment of the surrounding area. Therefore, urban and architectural plans are required to reduce the facility's temperature and consider the ventilation corridor. Areas requiring ventilation corridor management were Mandeok-dong and Sajik-dong, and they should be managed to prevent further damage to the forests. Since large-scale, high-rise apartment complexes in areas adjacent to forests interfere with the flow of cold and fresh air generated by forests, the construction of high-rise apartment complexes near Geumjeongsan Mountain with the new redevelopment of Type 3 general residential area should be avoided. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data for urban planning and environmental planning in response to climate change in Busan Metropolitan City.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2007

This paper concerns about residential environment analysis program implementation for design and analysis on public housing complexes such that view and daylight analysis processes are automated and integrated into existing design routine to achieve better design efficiency. Considering the architectural design trends this paper chooses ArchiCAD as a platform for a CAD system, which contains the concepts such as integrated object-oriented CAD, virtual building and BIM. Residential environment analysis system consists of three components. The first component is the 3D modeling part defining 3D form information for external geographic contour models, site models and interior/exterior of apartment buildings. The second is the parametric library part handling the design parameters for view and daylight analysis. The last is the user interface for the input/output and integration of data for the environment analysis. Daylight analysis shows rendered images as well as results of daylight reports and grades per time and performs the calculations for floor shadow. It separates the site-only analysis from the analysis of site and exterior environmental parameters. View analysis considers horizontal and vertical view angles to produce view image from each unit and uses the bitmap analysis method to determine opening ratio, scenery ratio and void ratio. We could expect better performance and precision from this residential environment analysis system than the existing 2D drawing based view and daylight analysis methods and overcome the existing one-way flow of design information from 3D form to analysis reports so that site design modifications are automatically reflected on analysis results. Each part is developed in a module so that further integration and extension into other related estimation and construction management systems are made possible.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2011

This paper aims to analyze architectural planning factors that could contribute to reductions in electricity consumption in the household of apartments, to apply energy saving methods at the design phase. These six architectural planning factors were orientation, building type (flat, tower block), standard floor access type (corridor access type, stair case type, EV hall access type), household location (floor), household opening type (one side opening, right angle opening, two sides opening or three sides opening), and bay on the facade (one bay, two bays, three bays, four bays), and these were derived from literature review. Household electricity consumption data were gathered from 2168 households with a total area of 135~150$m^2$ of 6 apartment complexes over 1000 households in Seoul. The annual characteristics of electricity consumption according to architectural planning factors were analyzed. And, variances between groups with respect to the mean of summer, winter, and annual electricity consumption according to each architectural planning factors were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that an annual electric energy saving of over 1000kWh was facilitated by these planning factors. In addition, high energy efficiency architectural planning factors based on the analysis were as follows: southwest orientation, flat type, corridor access type and staircase type, household loation below the 20th floor, two sides opening and three sides opening, and 2 bays and 3 bays.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.34-42
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• 2012

Green frame technology intended to facilitate the remodeling of apartment housing complexes in Korea and extend their service life has been developed. Green frame design is a Rahmen structure using composite precast concrete members and, unlike a bearing-wall structure, lifting and installing structural members accounts for major steps of structural construction. Therefore, if green frame structure construction is to be scheduled appropriately, systematic lifting plan needs to be developed in advance. Development of lifting plan also requires unit lifting process of composite PC members (columns and beams) that consist of green frame to be analyzed first. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the lifting process of composite PC members used in green frame structure. To that end, lifting procedure and time of composite PC column and beam are estimated and applied to a project case to analyze the lifting cycle of reference floor. Outcomes produced herein will be used as key data for development of lifting plan in subsequent green frame structure construction.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

The Housing Act amended allows vertical extension up to three floors and increases the units of housing (or total floor area) to site up to 15%. Currently, the feasibility of performing vertical extension is evaluated based on safety diagnosis provisions and manuals with preliminary investigations on slope, uneven settlement, load-bearing capacity, and durability. However, a need for more reasonable evaluation methodology for the preliminary investigation is still required because the current procedures are borrowed from safety diagnosis provisions and manuals for reconstruction without detailed examinations on evaluation criteria and sampling methods. Accordingly, this study is intended to suggest a method to obtain feasible sampling size for durability assessment by statistically analyzing the safety evaluation data sets on concrete carbonation and steel corrosion obtained from apartment complexes. The results of this study are expected to be beneficial for establishing more reasonable field sampling size, and in turn, more reliable durability assessment protocol for vertical extension.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.572-583
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how to effectively utilize the public facilities site that is being used in the new town for the expansion of newly required public facilities, because it is difficult to carry out redevelopment projects in apartment complexes of 1st generation new town due to the rigidity of land use and macroeconomic conditions. This study examined the following three ways to effectively utilize existing public facilities sites for Pyeongchon new town. First, it suggested how to secure the parking lot by deciding multi-dimensional urban planning facility of public facilities such as parks and schools in superblock that lacks parking space of apartment complex. Second, it suggested a plan to accommodate the demands of public facilities required by increasing the building density of existing public buildings in commercial district as an example of the Anyang Tax Office. Lastly, it suggested a way to install additional functions required by users through the reorganization of the existing public facilities and some extensions by examining the Pyeongchon library.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.474-480
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• 2014

This study investigated the total energy consumption and the energy consumption by type of 31 apartment complexes in Daejeon. The energy is supplied to the apartments from district heating, and can be divided into hot water, electricity, and gas. Hot water is used in for space heating and for domestic hot water (DHW), and electricity is used for plugs, cooling, ventilation, and public utilities (street lights, pumps, elevators, etc.). All gas supplied from district heating is used for cooking. As a result, the consumption unit of each energy source of independent dwelling areas was calculated to be $103.7kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ ($15,692kWh/H{\cdot}a$) for thermal energy, $48.0kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ ($4,646kWh/H{\cdot}a$) for electricity, and $10.5kWh/m^2a$ ($1,015kWh/H{\cdot}a$) for gas, so the entire consumption was calculated to be $162.3kWh/m^2{\cdot}a$ ($15,692kWh/H{\cdot}a$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.25-38
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• 2010

This study focused on the analysis of satisfaction and preference of residents' for water space as a environmental friendly facility in residential complex. The purpose of this study is to serve design data of water space in residential complex, in order to make water space that residents' satisfaction are high. In this study, residents' satisfaction and preferences of water space in 5 residential complex were analyze through a questionnaire survey of residents. The major findings of the study are as follows. First, in terns of the need of the water space, 60.4% of the respondents answered that water space are need to improve the amenity. Secondly, in terms of satisfaction, 57.3% of the respondents have been satisfied with location of water space in the residential complex, and the maintenance satisfaction degree is above average level. Overall satisfaction degree is above average level too, but it is are not high as compared construction cost. Thirdly, in terms of preference, 26.5% of respondents have been prefer to the combined type of water space, and 25.9% of respondents prefer to dropping water type, and 25.9% of respondents prefer to flowing stream type. It appeared that the preference levels of 3 type is high similarly, so we can assume that residents prefer to moving water type because of having a feeling refreshed through the sound of water. The results of this study can be used as the design data of water space in residentialcomplex and expected to contributed in making the water space that residents' satisfaction are high.