• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.16-24
• /
• 2011

Objectives：This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric problems in children with scholastic difficulties who had been referred for mental health services from the Office of Education in Ulsan Metropolitan City. Methods：Child psychiatrists evaluated the referred children using the DSM-IV. Evaluation tools included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Korean form of the State-trait anxiety Inventory for children, the ADHD rating. Results：Seventy-six children consisting of 64 boys (84.2%) and 12 girls (15.8%) participated in the study. The average age was 10.3 (SD=0.93) years old. Approximately 74% of the children referred for scholastic difficulties were diagnosed with mental retardation. The Axis I diagnosis among these children were ADHD (86.8%), depression (21.1%), learning disorder (9.2%), communication disorder (4.8%), pervasive developmental disorder (3.6%), internet addiction (1.3%), and mood disorder (1.3%). Their overall measure according to the Child Depression Inventory was 22.7 (SD=16.8), that for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was 33.3 (SD=7.9)/32.4 (SD=9.5), and that for the ADHD rating scale was 18.9 (SD=10.9). Conclusion：These results suggest that many children with scholastic difficulties have both complex psychiatric and educational problems.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2022

Background: Injections are one of the most fear-provoking stimuli in dentistry. Painless administration of an injection is a vital step in alleviating anxiety, which in turn leads to good behavior in children. The aim is to evaluate and compare anxiety levels and pain perception using conventional, insulin, and deception syringes during the administration of local anesthesia in children. Methods: Forty-five children aged 6-12 were selected using a standard sample size formula and equally divided into three groups. Local anesthesia was administered using a conventional syringe to Group A participants and an insulin syringe for Group B participants. Group C participants were administered local anesthesia using a deception syringe by showing the patient disposable obturation tips, and eventually a conventional syringe was used for administration of local anesthesia after hiding them from the patient. Anxiety levels were assessed using Venham's Picture Scale and pulse rate at baseline and after administration of local anesthesia. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was used to assess pain perception after the administration of local anesthesia. Results: Insulin and deception syringes showed better reduction in anxiety levels and pain perception than conventional syringes, demonstrating a high statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The use of insulin and deception syringes for administration of anesthesia was demonstrated to be effective in alleviating anxiety in children and is therefore recommended as an alternative to conventional syringes.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.199-220
• /
• 2013

The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between psychological factors (i.e. math anxiety, attention, attitude, Working Memory Capacity (WMC), and Field dependency) and students' mathematics problem solving based on Revised Bloom Taxonomy. A sample of 169 K11 school girls were tested on (1) The Witkin's cognitive style (Group Embedded Figure Test). (2) Digit Span Backwards Test. (3) Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS). (4) Modified Fennema-Sherman Attitude Scales. (5) Mathematics Attention Test (MAT), and (6) Mathematics questions based on Revised Bloom Taxonomy (RBT). Results obtained indicate that the effect of these items on students mathematical problem solving is different in each cognitive process and level of knowledge dimension.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 2003

연구목적：본 연구에서는 정상 아동 및 외래 내원 아동을 대상으로 한국어판 코너스 부모 및 교사용 평가 척도 (Korean-Conners' Parent Rating Scale：K-CPRS and Korean-Conners' Teacher Rating Scale：KCTRS) 의 간편형에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도를 조사하였다. 방 법：경기도 중소도시 지역에 소재한 두 초등학교에 재학 중인 아동들과 같은 지역 대학 병원 외래에 내원한 ADHD 아동 환자들이 연구 대상에 포함되었다. 연구대상의 교사 및 부모는 코너스 평가 척도를 완성하였으며 추가로 한국어판 ADHD 평가 척도(Korean-ADHD Rating Scale：K-ARS)를 작성하였고 부모는 별도로 한국어판 아동·청소년 평가 척도(Korean-Children Behavior Check List：K-CBCL)를 작성하였다. 자료 분석 방법으로는 기술 통계, 상관 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 요인 분석, t검증과 일원 변량 분석이 실시되었다. 결 과：한국어판 코너스 평가 척도(Korean-Conners' Rating Scale：K-CRS)의 평정자간 신뢰도에서 부모 평가의 정신신체 문제와 불안 요인을 제외하고는 부모 및 교사용 평가 척도의 각 하위 척도들은 서로 유의한 상관을 보였다. 또한 두 척도의 문항들은 비교적 높은 내적 합치도를 보여주었는데, 둘 중에서 교사용 평가 척도가 더 높은 내적 합치도를 나타내었다. K-CRS의 하위 척도치들과 K-CBCL 및 K-ARS의 각 하위척도치는 통계적으로 유의한 상관을 보여주었다. K-CRS에 대한 요인 분석 결과 부모용은 5개 요인 모델이, 교사용은 3개 요인 모델이 가장 최적의 설명 모델인 것으로 나타났다. 부가적으로 ADHD 임상군과 정상군간의 척도 점수에서의 차이를 살펴보았을 때 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결 론：한국어판 Conners 부모 및 교사용 평가 척도는 아동들의 문제 행동을 평가하는데 있어 적정한 신뢰도와 타당도를 가지고 있었으며 임상 장면에서 아동의 행동 문제에 대한 평가 및 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 1984

노인들의 정신건강상태를 파악하기 위하여 1983년 10월부터 1984년 6월까지 대구직할시와 경북 경산군의 각 1개 보건소에 내소한 노인과 서울특별시에 있는 4개 노인학교에 출석한 60세이상 노인, 남자 329명과 여자 522명을 조사대상으로하여 Zung이 고안한 불안척도(SAS)를 사용하여 조사한 결과 다음과 같이 요약한다. 불안척도로 측정한 평균총점은 남자노인이 41.12였고 여자노인이 44.92로서 여자노인이 다소 높은 성적을 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 인정할 수 없었다. 불안의 항목별 성적은 진땀나기, 우려, 호흡곤란, 안절부절, 불면등이 상위 항목이었고 졸도감, 공황, 공포, 진전, 적면등이 하위 항목으로 남녀양군이 순위는 다소 차이가 있었으나 항목은 동일하였다. 남자노인군은 SAS 총점이 50점 이상이 14.6 %였고 여자노인군은 29.4%였으며 전체노인중 50점 이상이 23.6%로서 일반인의 불안신경증 발명빈도 보다 월등히 높았다. 불안과 관련된 사회정신의학적 여건중 남녀노인의 불안성적과 관련성이 인정되는 요소로는 직업유무, 부양자유무, 생업을 그만둔 기간, 현거주지역, 종교유무 및 사회보장제도에 대한 만족도 등(p<0.01)으로 평가되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.429-444
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to explore the effects of a dance therapy on physical and psychological characteristics in the elderly. The design of this study was a non-equivalent pre-post test experiment. The subjects consisted of elderly persons living in a facility located in Suweon and Bucheon. Fifty eight subjects, aged between 65 and 93 years who had normal cognition, sensory function, balance, and resting blood pressure. They underwent tests of balance, flexibility, muscle strength, depression, and anxiety as baseline data before dance therapy, and at 6th week and at the end of the 12nd week after following dance therapy. Twenty seven elderly persons were assigned to the experimental group and participated with the dance therapy between April and July, 1998. The dance therapy was developed by the author with the help of a dance therapist and a physiatrist. This therapy was based on the Marian Chace's dance therapy and Korean traditional dance with music. The dance therapy consists of 50 minutes session, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. One session was consisted of warming-up, expression, catharsis, sharing, and closing stage. The intensity of the dance therapy was at the 40 % of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. Data were analysed with mead standard deviation, Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni multiple regression using SAS program. 1. The results related to the physical characteristics were as follows : 1) The balance (standing on one leg, walking on the balancing bar), flexibility and muscle strength (knee extensor, knee flexor, ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor) of the experimental subjects significantly increased over time mere than that of the control subjects. 2) The experimental group had significantly higher score for balance, flexibility, muscle strength of knee extensor, and knee flexor than the control group at the 12nd week after dance therapy. 3) The experimental group had significantly higher score for muscle strength of ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor than the control group at the 6th week and the 12nd week after dance therapy. 2. The results related to psychological characteristics were as follows : 1) Scores of Geriatric Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale of the experimental group were significantly decreased over time more than that of the control group. 2) The experimental group had significantly lower score for depression than the control group at the 12nd week after dance therapy. 3) The experimental group had significantly lower score for anxiety than the control group at the 6th week and the 12nd week after dance therapy. The findings showed that the dance therapy could be effective in improving the balances, flexibility, and muscle strength of lower limb, and effective in decreasing the depression and anxiety of the elderly. Additional merits of the dance therapy would be inexpensiveness, easy accessibility, and increasing interpersonal relationship. It can be suggested that the dance therapy is effective in the health promotion of the elderly.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.279-294
• /
• 1996

불안의 존재나 정도를 양적으로 측정하고 평가하기 위해서 한국형 자가평가 불안척도를 연구 개발하기 위하여 1994년 8월 부터 1996년 9월까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 정신과 및 국립 부곡 정신병원 정신과에 외래 및 입원한 불안장애 환자를 대상으로 하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 불안장애 환자 집단은 남자 52명(53.6%), 여자 45명(46.4%)으로 총 97명(32.1%)이며, 이들 진단의 정확도를 위하여 환자의 선정 기준은 DSM-IV에 의해 불안장애 환자로 진단한 사람들을 대상으로 하였다. 비교 집단은 검사 당시 정상적인 사회 활동에 참여하고 있는 피험자로 주로 고등학교 학생과 일반 대학생 그리고 지역 사회 일반 성인 및 그 가족을 중심으로 하여 남자 104명(50.7%), 여자 101명(49.3%)인 총 205명(67.9%)이였다. 이들에게 Zung의 자가평가 불안척도를 한국형으로 번안하여 조사 방법으로 시행하였다. 본 조사에서 수집된 자료는 종합 검토하여 불충분한 자료를 제거하고 SPSS의 프로그램을 통해서 분석하였다. SAS의 문항 분석을 시행하여 각 문항간의 상관관계, 문항 내적 상관도, 검사의 신뢰도 검증 및 요인분석 그리고 불안척도를 사용하여 정상과 이상 집단을 판별 할 수 있는 판별력을 알아 보기위하여 판별분석 등을 시행하였다. 불안척도로 평가된 비교 집단의 평균 총점은 $32.36{\pm}6.35$이였다. 불안척도로 평가된 불안장애 환자 집단의 평균 총점은 $50.53{\pm}7.67$이였다. 비교 집단인 정상 집단은 전체 불안 점수의 분포는 50점 이상인 경우가 1.0%(2명)이었고, 불안장애 집단의 전체 불안 점수의 분포는 50점 이상인 경우가 25.9%(56명)이었다. 본 척도에 대한 검사-재검사의 신뢰도 검증에서 신뢰도 계수는 0.98(p < 0.001), 항목-전체간의 상관계수의 평균치는 0.60(0.16-0.76), 내적 일관성은 0.96(p < 0.001)이며, 모두 통계적으로 의미있는 신뢰도를 보여주었다. 요인분석에서 4개의 요인이 추출되었는데, 이러한 점은 불안이 여러 가지 요소로 구성되어 있을 가능성도 시사한다. 불안척도에서 비교 집단인 정상인 집단에서 항목별로 높게 평가된 상위 문항들은 발한, 초조, 우려, 불면 및 호흡곤란 등이었고, 하위 항목은 졸도감, 혼돈, 이상감각, 현기증 및 진전 등의 항목이였다. 불안장애 집단이 SAS에서 항목별로 높게 평가된 상위 문항들은 우려, 초조, 발한, 호흡곤란 및 불면 등이며, 하위 항목은 졸도감, 이상감각, 악몽, 현기증 및 진전 등으로 본 연구에서 분석한 결과에서 서로 항목별 내용이 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서 한국형 자가평가 불안척도를 사용하여 판별분석을 한 결과 두 집단을 정상인 집단과 불안장애 환자 집단으로 판별하는 전체 정확 판별율(93.7%)이 비교적 양호한 결과를 보였다. 앞으로 한국형 자가평가 불안척도를 사용하여 불안장애가 있는 피험자를 객관적인 자료에 의해 선발 할 수 있는 도구가 될 것이라고 사려된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this article was to determine the discriminant function analysis of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale(KWIS) for 110 normal controls and 98 schizophrenics. Of special interest was to verify the clinical discriminant power of two subtests of the KWIS(Vacabulary and Digit Symbols) and Zung' s Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS). Four major hypotheses were postulated. The normal control group would show higher scores than the schizophrenics ; mean scores on both Vocabulary and Digit Symbol. The mean difference in Digit Symbol between the two groups would be greater than that in the Vacabulary. There would be no significant relation among Digit Symbol. Vacabulary. and Anxiety. The most powerful discriminant power would be expected from subtest of Digit Symbol. The mean discriminant scores were - 1.34425 for the control subjects. 1.34425 for the schizophrenics. The correctly discriminated percentage was 89.1% for the control subjects. 90.8% for the schizophrenics. From the findings it was concluded that both Digit Symbol and Vocabulary scales had strong diagnostic value but the former was more powerful than the latter. However. the Anxiety scales had less diagnostic value.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 2009

Objective : The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma serotonin concentration and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medication. Methods : Plasma serotonin level of 14 PTSD patients and a control group of 28 Vietnam War veterans was measured by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The Combat Exposure Scale (CES), Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and Hamiltion Anxiety Scale (HAS) were used to evaluate PTSD symptom severity. Results : Serotonin level was significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group (p=0.036, p=0.006, respectively). M-PTSD (p<0.001), CAPS (p<0.001), HRSD (p<0.001), and HAS (p<0.001) scale scores were significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group; however, the CES score failed to show a significant improvement (p=0.964). There were no significant differences between plasma serotonin and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion : In chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medications, we can not predict treatment effect and symptom severity by measuring only plasma serotonin levels. PTSD is a complicated disorder which may likely be related to a variety of neurotransmitter systems. Therefore, further research which investigate relationships with norepinephrine, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters as well as serotonin is needed to improve the treatment of PTSD.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.1102-1107
• /
• 2011

This study was case report to show the good effects of korean traditional medical treatment and breathing meditation. The methods were applied to lung cancer patients. We treated one patient who scored 27 point at Beck's depression inventory(BDI) and 28 point at Hamilton rating scale for depression(HRSD) and 22 point at Beck's anxiety inventory(BAI) and 20 point at Anxiety status inventory(ASI) by korean traditional medical treatment and breathing meditation. After treatment, the clinical symptoms were improved and the score of BDI, HRSD, BAI, ASI were decreased. According to this study korean traditional medical treatment is effective for the cure of depression and anxiety disorder and breathing meditation forifies the korean traditional medical treatment.