• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2006

Objectives : We performed this '2006 Korean Anxiety Research' to understand the actual state about Korean anxiety and get the basic data for mental health promotion. Methods : Semistructured questionnaire and Beck Anxiety Inventory -Korean version (BAI) were administered to total 1,000 adults (20-69 years old 501 male & 499 female adults living in Seoul and 5 metropolitan cities in Korea) on March 20th~31st, 2006. Results : Anxious subjects by the total score of BAI was 3.3%. But the responders the item 'I am in the anxious state' was 25% among total subjects. 6% (n=59) among total subjects were the responders experienced the anxiety requiring usually the counselling or treatment. The frequency of their anxiety was most commonly 1 to 2 times/month. The main causes of their anxiety were 'their health problems or illness', 'economic difficulty', 'interpersonal conflicts'. But 'help by health professional' among their usual anxiety reduction methods' was only 15% among them. Only 19% among them were under the treatment of anxiety. Only 27% among 48 subjects not under the treatment of anxiety had a desire for the anxiety treatment in the near future. Conclusion : Some people in the anxious state impairing their daily lives were not yet under the treatment. And most of them had no desire for the anxiety treatment. Therefore we will systematically plan the further health education on the anxiety-related problems for the Korean mental health promotion and the quality of life.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 1995

Objectives : This study was carried out to determine whether the state anxiety may affect sleep on the night before surgery. Methods : The researcher examined the clinical charts of patients who were scheduled to receive surgery by general anesthesia the following day and then had semistructural interview with patients. In addition Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory(1972), presleep questionnaire and postsleep questionnaire were administered to the patients. One hundred patients who responded to the questions were divided into three groups based on the state anxiety scores; low(n=35), middle(n=27) and high(n=38). Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, some possible factors affecting sleep, daytime status and nighttime sleep before surgery were compared among three groups. Results : 1) There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and some possible factors affecting sleep on the night before surgery among three groups. 2) In terms of clinical characteristics, the expectancy of surgical result was significantly different among three groups. More patients in low anxiety group than in middle and high anxiety groups, predicted surgical results as good, while more patients in middle and high anxiety groups than in low anxiety group could not predict their surgical results. 3) For daytime status, high anxiety group felt more tired compared to low anxiety group, but there was no significant difference in daytime nap among three groups. 4) For nighttime sleep before surgery, high anxiety group expected poor sleep and in fact, waked more frequently during sleep than low anxiety group. However there was no difference in bed time, sleep latency, rise time, total sleep time, sleep depth and sleep quality among three groups. 5) The need for hypnotics was higher before bedtime and also after rise in high anxiety group compared to low anxiety group. Conclusions : These results indicate that the individuals with high state anxiety before surgery have poor sleep and furthermore suggest that anxiolytics and/or hypnotics may be required to decrease anxiety and improve sleep for those with high state anxiety.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2009

Objective : This study examined psychiatric characteristics of wounded persons of Daegu subway fire accident occurring in February 2003 after six years. Methods : 103 wounded persons completed psychometric measures at 2 months and 6 years after the accident. Changes of psychiatric symptoms were compared and factors affecting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) seriousness were examined. Results : In Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the scores of Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Masculinity/ Femininity (Mf), Social Introversion (Si) scales were significantly changed over time. The scores of Symptoms Checklist-90-Revision subscales were mostly decreased over time, however, paranoid ideation (PAR) subsclae scores were not significantly changed over time. In all of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-State, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale, and PTSD Checklist-Civilian, mean scores at 6 years after the accident were significantly lower than those at 2 months after the accident. However, STAI-Trait score was not significantly changed over time. Total seriousness of PTSD was found to be affected by quality of sleep. Conclusions : Psychiatric symptoms of subjects were largely improved over time, but distrust and doubt of others were continued. In addition, the wounded persons suffered from sleep problems. Therefore, early and continuous interventions of public institutions and public health specialists are needed for the wounded persons with chronic psychiatric disorders.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to explore the level of children's anxiety related to disease characteristics The subjects of this study were 72 childrens (6year-10 year) who were admitted to the pediatric wards at University Hospital and 24 healthy children, and 24 mothers of children with fatal & chronic illness. The data were collected with sarason's Anxiety scale for children & spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory for mothers and analyzed of One way Anova, Duncun Test, Pearson correlation, and T-test. The results of this study were as follows : 1) There was significant difference in children's anxiety related to disease characteristics(P<0.01) Fatally ill children showed highest level of anxiety and chronically, acutely ill children in order. And there was no significant difference in anxiety between acutely ill children and healthy children. There was significant difference in anxiety between groups of ill and healthy children(P<0.01) .The anxiety of ill children was higher than that of healthy children. 2) There was no significant correlation between children's anxiety and their age. 3) There was no significant difference in children's anxiety related to frequency of hospital admission. 4) There was significant correlation between children's anxiety and duration of illness(P<0.01). The longer the duration of illness is, the higher children's anxiety is. 5) There was significant difference in mothers' anxiety between groups of fatally ill and chronically ill children(P<0.05). The anxiety of mothers of fatally ill children was higher than that of mothers of chronically ill children. 6) There was no significant correlation between children's anxiety of fatal and chronic illness and their mothers' anxiety.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2010

Objective : In this study, the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program was applied to patients presenting with depression and anxiety after surgery from spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the effects were assessed. Methods : The subjects were patients admitted for cerebral aneurysm rupture and treated by means of surgery from March to December, 2007. More than 6 months had passed after surgery, without any special lesions showing up on computed tomography (CT), and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was 5 points. Among patients with anxiety and depression symptoms, 11 patients completed the program. The MBSR program was conducted once a week, 2.5 hours each, for 8 weeks. The evaluation criteria were : 1) the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI): it measures the type and level of depression, 2) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory : the anxiety state of normal adults without mental disorder, and 3) Heart Rate Variability (HRV) : the influence of the autonomous nervous system on the sinoarterial node varies continuously in response to the change of the internal/external environment. Results : The BDI value was decreased from 18.5 ${\pm}$ 10.9 to 9.5 ${\pm}$ 7.1 (p = 0.013) : it was statistically significant, and the depression level of patients was lowered. The state anxiety was decreased from 51.3 ${\pm}$ 13.9 to 42.3 ${\pm}$ 15.2; the trait anxiety was reduced from 50.9 ${\pm}$ 12.3 to 41.3 ${\pm}$ 12.8, and a borderline significant difference was shown (p = 0.091, p = 0.056). In other words, after the treatment, although it was not statistically significant, a decreased tendency in anxiety was shown. In the HRV measurement, standard deviation normal to normal (SDNN), square root of the square root of the mean sum of squared differences between adjacent normal to normal intervals (RMSSD), and total power (TP) showed significant increase, Physical Stress Index (PSI) showed a significant reduction, and thus an improvement in the homeostatic control mechanism of the autonomic nervous system was ween. Conclusion : The MBSR program was applied to the patients showing anxiety and depression reaction after SAH treatment, and a reduction in depression symptoms and physiological reactions were observed. The application of the MBSR program may be considered as a new tool in improving the quality of life for patients after surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

본 연구의 목적은 품행장애를 보이는 청소년에서 우울및 불안의 정도를 알아보고 또한 자신의 부모가 보이는 자녀 양육 방식에 대해 그들이 어떠한 지각을 하고 있는가를 살펴봄으로써, 품행장애 환아들에서 흔히 동반되는 우울, 불안 증상과 부모양육방식 사이에는 어떤 상호관련이 있으며 이는 또한 품행장애의 임상경과와 어떤 관련이 있는지를 알아보는데 있다. 이러한 목적하에 저자들은 DSM-Ⅳ의 진단기준에 부합되는 품행장애 입원환아 30명과 정상대조군으로 30명의 중학생을 선정하였으며, 이들에게 소아우울척도(CDI), 소아 상태-특성 불안척도(STAI), 부모-자녀 결합형태 검사(PBI)를 시행한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 품행장애 환아들은 정상대조군에 비해 증상면에서 상태불안(state anxiety)이 높았으나 우울과 특성불안(trait anxiety)은 의미있는 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 2) 품행장애 환아들은 부모의 양육태도에 있어서 아버지와 어머니 모두에 대해 돌봄이 적고 과보호가 많다는 부정적인 인식을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 어머니의 돌봄은 우울 및 품행문제의 심각도와 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 4) 어머니의 과보호는 특성불안과 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 품행장애 환아에 있어 아버지 양육태도의 특성은 그다지 의미있는 결과를 보여주지 않아 아버지보다는 어머니의 부정적인 양육 방식이 품행장애 소아청소년의 우울, 불안 및 품행문제의 심각도등의 임상경과와 보다 밀접한 관련성을 갖는 것으로 보인다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.5-20
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to assess the value-of post-operative treatment in terms of nursing care in the allevation of pain. More specifically, the effects of supportive touch and patient education were examined. On the date before each patient's operation, the Bevels of anxiety, depression and affiliation were examined. The post-operative treatment was adminis. tered after an initial measurement of the patient's fain, according to the experimental category for the three days following the operation. On the final day, the level of anxiety and depression were again measured. The subjects of this study were 138 patient from the general surgical and gynecological wards in H university Hospital in Seoul. The study was conducted over a three-month period from June 24, 1984 to September 18, 1984. All patients had undergone laparatomies. Various standard instruments were used to measure the pain, anxiety, depression and affiliation levels. for pain, 5 grate Simple Descriptive Scale, and the Mclachlan four-range Observational Pain Scale were employed. For anxiety and depression, respectively the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory (B.D.I.) were used. Lastly, the affiliation was determined by the Mehrabian Affiliation Scale. The outcome of the research was as follows: 1. The first hypothesis concerning the existence of lower pain levels of Experimental Group A and Experimental Group B than the pain levels of Control Croup C was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis concerning the existence if lower anxiety levels of Experimental Group A and Experimental Group B than the anxiety levels of Control Group C was supported at the level of F=3.58 (p=.03). 3. The third hypothesis concerning the existence of lower depression levels of Experimental Group A and Experimental Group B than the depression levels of Control Group C was not supported. 4. The fourth hypothesis concerning the existence of different levels of pain in accordance with the levels of affiliation in Experimental Group A was not supported. 5. A positive correlation did exist between pain and anxiety after surgery (r=.34, p=.0001). Thus, the fifth hypothesis was supported. 6. A positive correlation did exist between pain and depression following surgery(r=.36, p=.0001). Thus, the sixth hypothesis was supported. Based on the above results, it was found that supportive touch and patient education either through human sources or via tape recorder do influence the anxiety of a patient after surgery, that a Positive correlation between pain, anxiety and deparession exist, that affiliation does not alter the influence of supportive touch, and that the graph on which pain levels were depicted indicates the possibility of development even if the effects of supportive touch did not reach a meaningful level. Thus it can be concluded that patient education, regardless of its form, is essential for the patient after surgery and that supportive touch, when reasonably modified and supplemented, can be an effective method of alleviating pain.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

본 연구는 학령후기 아동의 사회불안 정도와 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 설문지를 이용한 서술적 조사연구 방법으로 초등학교에 재학 중인 6학년 아동 278명을 연구대상자로 하였으며, 연구도구는 SASCA-K(Korean Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents, 사회불안 척도), SES(Self-esteem Scale, 자아존중감 척도), CAPS(Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, 완벽주의 척도), DSRS-C(Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, 아동우울 척도), IPPA-R(Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised version부모 및 또래애착 척도)을 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 23.0을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression을 실시하였다. 연구결과 학령후기 아동의 사회 불안과 완벽주의, 우울은 긍정적인 상관관계가 있는 반면, 자아존중감, 애착안정성은 부정적인 상관관계가 있었다. 단계적 다중회귀 분석에서는 자아존중감, 자기 지향적 완벽주의, 우울, 부 애착 의사소통이 사회불안에 영향을 주는 요인으로 38% 설명하는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회불안에 가장 영향을 미치는 요인은 자아존중감으로 분석되었다. 학교, 가족, 지역사회의 통합적인 개입을 통해 학령후기 아동의 정신문제를 예방하고 중재하기 위해 건강교육, 상담 및 학교기반 보건교육 프로그램 확대가 필요하다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of somatic symptoms in patients with PTSD according to trauma type. Methods : The subjects of this study were 84 patients diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM-IVTR and CAPS criteria. The subjects ranged in age from 18 to 76 years, and they were recruited from 18 hospitals across the nation. All participants were asked about their trauma history, and they all completed the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Korean-Physical Somatic Symptom Inventory (K-PSI). The items of the K-PSI were categorized into 5 groups according to organ system, and the participants were classified into 6 groups according to trauma type. We compared the results of the social demographical scale, DTS, BDI, STAI, IES-R and each recategorized subscale of the K-PSI among the six groups. Results : There were significant differences between the 6 groups in terms of the Korean-Physical Somatic Symptom Inventory scores for each organ system, except for the cardiopulmonary system, as well as the BDI scores. Post hoc analysis revealed differences between the combat-related trauma group and all other groups but not among any of the other groups. Conclusion : Our result showed that there were significant differences in the somatic symptom scores among the 6 trauma groups. However, patient age and the time elapsed since the traumatic event may have hada crucial influence on the result of this study.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.466-478
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of music therapy on anxiety of cesarean section wemen. The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects of this study were 65 cesarean section wemen scheduled for surgery. The study was conducted from October 15, 1999 to January 5, 2000. Two groups consisted of subjects assigned : one the experimental group(33 wemen), and the other the control group(32 wemen). The music therapy was performed 3 times to experimental group just before surgery day, on surgery day. The level of anxiety was measured by State Anxiety Inventory, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test, Repeated measures of ANCOVA. The results of study were as fellows : 1) State anxiety scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 2) Systolic blood pressures and diastolic blood pressures were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 3) Pulse rates were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 4) Respiratory rates were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. According to these results, music therapy can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieves anxiety of cesarean section wemen.