• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2022

Objective : The levels of resilience and gratitude were examined in psychiatric patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders and compared to those of the general population. In addition, we analyzed the associations of positive affect, negative affect, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and gratitude on resilience in this patient population. Methods : The participants included a general population sample (n=155) and psychiatric outpatients with depression and/or anxiety disorders (n=108). All participants completed self-report questionnaires, which included demographic variables, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form (GQ-6), the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results : The CD-RISC and GQ-6 scores of patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders were significantly lower than those of the general population. In the patient population, hierarchical regression analysis showed that gratitude was significantly associated with resilience while controlling for a range of demographic and clinical variables. Conclusion : Patients with depression and/or anxiety disorder generally had lower resilience and gratitude. Moreover, our findings showed that gratitude could influence the levels of resilience in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop an employee's stress response scale (ESRS) and examine its validity and reliability. Methods : The study was conducted as follows : item generation, and test of validity and reliability. Items were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from email-survey of counselors in the field of Employee Assistance Program (EAP). In order to test validity and reliability, data were collected from 400 employees. Results : The result of exploratory factor analysis of ESRS suggested 4 factor structures (work-related, anger, somatization, depression & anxiety) with a total of 25 items. ESRS showed a relatively strong positive correlation with Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale (HAD), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Psychological Wellbeing Index (PWI), which showed ESRS had high convergent validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and test-retest reliability was .95 and .610 respectively. Conclusion : The ESRS is reliable and valid brief scale for measuring stress responses of employees. This scale would be useful in quantitatively evaluating job stress in workplace.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.287-295
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• 2016

This study was conducted of students in their youth, who were having behavioral and emotional problems, anxiety, depression, and ADHD in their school. The participants took part in equestrian sports programs(equestrian program and apparatus program) twice a week, for 60 minutes each. To make progress in the study, mainly 4 scales are used as the standards of preliminary and post inspections : emotional and behavioral development scale, anxiety scale, depression scale, and ADHD scale. After conducting two-way ANOVA analysis, the conclusion was made as follows. The equestrian sports and horse riding exercise program which were used in this study did had an positive effect on emotional and behavioral scale, depression scale, anxiety scale, and ADHD scale. Moreover, it is determined that the equestrian sports had more positive effects than the equestrian sports which used apparatus. However, to precisely compare and contrast the effects of equestrian sports programs and apparatus programs, the follow-up studies need to limit the control group.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand self confidence during delivery in laboring women and to identify the factors influencing self confidence for delivery. Method: The participants of the study were 166 women who were admitted to a delivery room at C hospital in Seoul from July 1 to October 31, 2002. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, self confidence scale, anxiety scale, knowledge of childbirth scale and graphic rating scale. The data was analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program. For the analysis of collected data, frequency analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression analysis and stepwise selection method was used. Result: Self confidence during delivery had negative correlation coefficients with anxiety, and positive correlation coefficients with endurance of pain, husband support during pregnancy, age and parity. Anxiety was the highest factor influencing self confidence for delivery(40.0%). Endurance of pain, husband support during pregnancy and age accounted for 49.0% of self confidence in laboring women. Conclusion: The factors influencing self confidence during delivery were anxiety, endurance to pain, husband support during pregnancy and age. Further studies need to be done to identify interventions for overcoming on anxiety, promoting endurance of pain, and increasing husband support during pregnancy.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.579-593
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foot massage on anxiety response in preoperative patients undergoing total hysterectomy. Among the fifty patients, twenty-five were the experimental group receiving foot massage for 10-minutes and twenty-five were the control group. Subjects were admitted to a hospital in Inchon city for total hysterectomy. This study was carried out from July 10th, to September 18th, 2000. The levels of anxiety were measured by the Visual Aanalogue Scale(VAS). State Anxiety Scale, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration rate. Data were analyzed using $x^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test, unpaired t-test and ANCOVA with SPSS/pc program. The results were summarized as followings: 1. After foot massage, VAS anxiety level, state anxiety level, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those measurements before the foot massage. 2. After foot massage, significant differences in the VAS anxiety level, state anxiety level, systolic blood pressure, pulse and respiration rate between the experimental and control groups were found. In conclusion, foot massage for 10 minutes is a useful nursing intervention that decreases anxiety in preoperative patients undergoing total hysterectomy.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2013

Objective : The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between childhood abuse and affective symptom including resilience in patients with depression or anxiety. Methods : A total 256 outpatients diagnosed with depressive disorder or anxiety disorder according to DSM IV-TR, were evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (PCCTS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Independent t-test, Chi-square analysis and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to identify the demographics of patients and the relationship between affective symptoms including resilience and childhood abuse. Results : Among demographic and clinical variables, patients with childhood abuse history were significantly higher rate in patients who were living alone and unemployed. In affective symptoms, patients with childhood abuse history were significant more severe in depressive symptoms, and state anxiety score than patients without history of childhood abuse. Patients with childhood abuse history had higher score for trait anxiety and lower score for resilience than patients who had no history of childhood abuse. Conclusion : These finding suggest that history of childhood abuse might be risk factor on depressive and anxiety symptoms severity. And this might be a predictable factor of poor treatment outcome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.485-496
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to test the mediating effect of uncertainty appraisal and coping style in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety in hospitalized pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor. Methods: The participants were 105 pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor in hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from July to October 2017. The measurements included the Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Uncertainty Appraisal Scale, Coping Style Scale, and State Anxiety Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, correlation, and multiple regression following the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test for mediation. Results: The mean score for anxiety was 2.29 out of 4.00 points and for uncertainty it was 2.46 out of 5.00 points. There were significant correlations among uncertainty, uncertainty danger appraisal, uncertainty opportunity appraisal, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and anxiety. Uncertainty danger appraisal (${\beta}=.64$, p<.001) had a complete mediating effect in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety (Z=4.54, p<.001). Uncertainty opportunity appraisal (${\beta}=-.45$, p<.001) had a complete mediating effect in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety (Z=3.28, p<.001). Emotion-focused coping (${\beta}=-.23$, p=.021) had a partial mediating effect in the relation between uncertainty and anxiety (Z=2.02, p=.044). Conclusion: Nursing intervention programs focusing on managing uncertainty appraisal and improving emotion-focused coping are highly recommended to decrease anxiety in hospitalized pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhaled clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) oil or linalyl acetate on patients' anxiety and stress levels before undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Forty-five eligible participants were randomly assigned to inhale clary sage oil, or linalyl acetate, each at concentrations of 5% vol/vol in almond oil or pure almond oil (control). State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Stress rating scale, anxiety-visual analog scale (Anxiety-VAS), stress-visual analog scale (Stress-VAS), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before and after the inhalation prior to undergoing chemotherapy. Results: Anxiety-VAS and Stress-VAS were significantly lower after than before inhalation of clary sage oil (p< .01 and p< .05, respectively) and linalyl acetate (p< .05 and p< .05, respectively), despite having no significant difference in the three groups compared with control group. Systolic (p< .05) and diastolic (p< .01) blood pressure before undergoing chemotherapy were significantly lower after than before inhalation of linalyl acetate, while there was no significant difference in after than before inhalation of clary sage oil, despite both reducing levels of anxiety and stress. Conclusion: These findings suggest that linalyl acetate inhalation may be inappropriate in lowering anxiety and stress in patients undergoing chemotherapy, despite its anxiolytic and antistress effects, while clary sage oil inhalation may be useful in reducing anxiety and stress in patients undergoing chemotherapy, which has a risk of hypotensive side effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.751-758
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Quality of Life (QOL) and related factors in the patients with dizziness. Methods: The data were collected between March and June 2008 for 200 individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Uncertainty (Uncertainty in illness scale), anxiety, depression (Hospital anxiety & depression scale) and Vestibular disability activities of daily living (Vestibular disability-activities of daily living [ADL] scale) as well as QOL (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) were measured. Results: The mean QOL score was 37.5 (${\pm}23.0$). Monthly income, etiology of, frequency of, and total duration of dizziness were the significant factors related to QOL in these patients. Having had a fall, anxiety, depression, uncertainty and vestibular disability in daily living were also significant factors influencing QOL. In multiple regression analysis, anxiety, vestibular disability-ADL, falls, total duration of symptoms, uncertainty, and etiology of dizziness explained 41% of variance of QOL. Conclusion: The level of QOL in our patients was moderate as compared to those in previous studies. Anxiety and vestibular disability were the most important factors predicting low QOL. Use of nursing intervention programs designed to relieve these factors should also result in improving the QOL in the patients with dizziness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a Laughter Therapy Group Counseling Program on overcoming anxiety, depression, and improving the self-esteem of mothers. The State-Trait Anger Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Self-Esteem Scale were used as a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test respectively. The test results were analyzed using a t-test, a one-way analysis of variance. Twelve mothers suffering from anxiety and depression participated in eight sessions of the program, and were then compared with twelve mothers in the control group who did not receive the treatment. The treatment group showed statistically significant improvements in self-esteem, and reduced levels of anxiety and depression, in comparison to the control group. It was concluded that the program was effective in overcoming anxiety, depression, and improving self-esteem in mothers.