• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2021

Background: Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic mutations in patients affect their response to drugs. Pharmacogenomic studies aim to maximize drug effects and minimize adverse drug events. The Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency published guidelines for pharmacogenetics in 2005 and 2006, respectively; the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety followed suit in 2015. Methods: This study analyzed pharmacogenomic information in the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's integrated drug information system to evaluate whether domestic pharmaceutical products reflect the current research on pharmacogenomic differences. Results: In June 2020, the Korean pharmacogenomic database contained genomic data on 90 compounds. Of these, 45 compounds were classified as "Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents." The other 45 non-antineoplastic agents were in the following categories: Anti-infectives, Mental & behavior disorder, Hormone & metabolism related diseases, Cardiovascular system, Skin & subcutaneous tissue disease, Genito-urinary system and sex hormones, Blood and blood forming organs, Nervous system, Alimentary tract and metabolism, Musculo-skeletal system, and Other conditions including the respiratory system. In addition, 30 additives unrelated to the main ingredient were associated with genetic precautions. Conclusion: This study showed that antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents accounted for half the drugs associated with pharmacogenetic information. For antitumor and immunomodulatory drugs, genomic tests were recommended depending on the indication; this was in contrast to genomic testing recommendations for non-antineoplastic medications. Genomic tests were rarely requested or recommended for non-antineoplastic medications because the relationships between genotype and efficacy among those drugs were relatively weak.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.749-752
• /
• 1998

Six 3-dialkylaminomethyl-1-azaanthraquinones and five 4-dialkylaminomethyl-1-azaanthraquinones were synthesized and evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity against four human can cer cell lines. The compounds retained much of their cytotoxic activity against the multi-drug-resistant cell line (KB-V-1) as shown by resistance index.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.1605-1608
• /
• 2008

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.19
• /
• pp.8007-8018
• /
• 2014

Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide and development of new therapeutic strategies and anticancer agents is an urgent priority. Plants have remained an important source in the search for novel cytotoxic compounds and several polyphenolic flavonoids possess antitumor properties. In this review article, data about potential anticarcinogenic activity of common natural flavonoids on various human cervical cancer cell lines are compiled and analyzed showing perspectives for the use of these secondary metabolites in the treatment of cervical carcinoma as well as in the development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs. Such anticancer effects of flavonoids seem to differentially depend on the cellular type and origin of cervical carcinoma creating possibilities for specific targeting in the future. Besides the cytotoxic activity per se, several flavonoids can also contribute to the increase in efficacy of conventional therapies rendering tumor cells more sensitive to standard chemotherapeutics and irradiation. Although the current knowledge is still rather scarce and further studies are certainly needed, it is clear that natural flavonoids may have a great potential to benefit cervical cancer patients.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.363.3-364
• /
• 2002

Unmodified nucleosides exist in either S-type or N-type conformation, but due to the low energy barrier between this two dominating conformers a fast equilibrium between them exists in solution state. Therefore. many approaches to lock the puckering of the furanose ring in N-type or S-type have been made since HIV-1 reverse transciptase is able to discriminate between two conformationally locked carbocyclic AZT triphosphate analogues. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.340.3-341
• /
• 2002

During the research for the development of antitumor agents. we found the 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. For extending our study on these compounds. indeno［1.2-c］isoquinolines were chosen as the next research target due to previous studied data of the compounds that showed potent topoisomerase I inhibition activity as well as cytotoxicity against many kinds of tumor cell lines. Retrosynthetic consideration of indeno[1.2-d]isoquinolines indicates that the coupling of o-methyltoluamide with o-hydroxymethylbenxonitrile might afford 3-arylisoquinoline which could be translerred to the aldehtde. Indeno [1.2-c]isoquinolines can be formed by and inframolecular ring cyclization method. Various derlvatives of this compound including 11-alkoxy-6-methyl-6H. 11H-indeno[1.2-c]isoquinolin-5-one and biological activity will be presented with the docking model with topisomerase 1 enzyme.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.619-628
• /
• 2005

We attempted to replace a benzopyran ring of 4-[(N-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-chloroanilino]benzopyran, previously discovered as anti-angiogenic agent with antitumor activity, with pyranopyridines. The [3,2-c]-, [3,2-b]-, [2,3-c]-, and [2,3-b]-pyranopyridines with -(imidazol-2-ylmethyl)aniline moiety at the 4-position, were synthesized respectively, and evaluated for primary anti-angiogenic properties through primary cultured HUVEC tube formation assay. From this study, we found that the pyranopyridine ring, especially [3,2-b]- and [2,3-c]-isomer, can replace the benzopyran ring of the compound 1 and can be optimized through the introduction of substituents both on the pyranopyridine ring and the aniline moiety for the identification of a novel anti-angiogenic agent.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 2002

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, is one of the most promising agents for cancer prevention. Recent studies show that the antitumor activity of resveratrol occurs through p53-mediated apoptosis. This study demonstrated the mechanism that resveratrol induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells lacking p53. Treatment of osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells with resveratrol resulted in decrease of cell viability, which was revealed as apoptosis characterized by activation of caspase-3 protease as well as cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with change of mitochondrial membrane potential transition. These results suggest that resveratrol may be potentially useful to treat osteosarcoma via activation of caspase protease and mitochondrial dysfunction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.86-86
• /
• 2003

In a continuous effort to develop novel anticancer agents we newly synthesized and evaluated the antitumor activity of nucleoside analogues. One analogue, 4 - ［2-Chlor-6- (3-iodo- benzy lamino) -purin -9-yl］- 2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentanecarbo xylic acid methylamide (LJ-331), has been shown to exert a potent inhibition of human cancer cell growth in vitro including human lung (A549), stomach (SNU-638) and leukemia (HL-60) cancer cells. Following mechanism of action study revealed that LJ - 331induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HL-60 cells and evokes apoptotic phenomena such as an increase in DNA ladder intensity and chromatin condensation by a dose- and time-dependent manner. LJ-331 also activated the caspase-3 activity in HL-60. This result suggests that the growth inhibition of human cancer cells by LJ-331 might be related to the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 1994

Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(cisplatin) is one of the most effective antitumor agents currently available for cancer therapy. However, its clinical use has been limited by its severe side effects, especially nephrotoxicity. To evaluate the effect or radical scavengers on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats, cisplatin and Vitamin C were given intraperitoneally. Remarkable protective effects of Vitamin C against nephrotoxicity of cisplatin were observed when Vitamin C was administered to rats 1hr before cisplatin injection. hepatotoxicity induced by combination treament of cisplatin and Vitamin C was evaluated by measuring serum glutamic pyruvate transmainase(sGPT) and serum glutamic oxalate transminase(sGOT). Combination treatment did not affect the levels of sGPT and sGOT, and any combination treatment did not induce metallothionein biosynthesis in kidny, Vitamin C which has radical scavenging effect induce metallothionein biosynthesis in kidney. Vitamin C which has radical scavenging effect directly reduced nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in vivo. Thus, it seems that free radical is the cause of cisplatin nepthrotoxicity. Also, combination treatment did not reduce anticancer activity of cisplatin. The present results indicate that Vitamin C, when it is given with cisplatin, may provide protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity without reducing anticancer activity.