• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.41-60
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• 2020

In this study, we examined the effects of video game play on a variety of areas of mental well-being, such as aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, prosocial behavior, prosocial attitude, antisocial behavior, antisocial attitude, positive affect, and negative affect. We conducted a multivariate meta-analysis on 22 studies (k= 54, N = 8,031) published between January 2008 and October 2019. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that exposure to violent video games significantly increased aggressive cognition and negative affect only in true experimental studies, but their influences were small. Furthermore, the exposure to violent video games did not increase aggressive behavior and negative affect across all the research designs (true experimental, quasi-experimental, and correlational). Moderator analyses revealed that the effects of exposure to violent video games were much larger for younger adults than for children and greater in male-biased studies than in gender-balanced ones. Additionally, studies using better methodologies were less likely to produce negative effects. These findings suggest that the effects of exposure to violent video games on aggression were not as severe as popular opinion holds, and the effects were heavily modulated by the age and gender ratio of the participants, and methodological quality of the studies.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to afford basic data for planning a program to strategically prevent adolescent sexual violence by clarifying the concept of sexual violence in adolescence and investigating factors influencing the adolescent attitudes towards sexual violence. Subjects of the study were 288 adolescents between the ages of 14 to 21, living in K city in Chungnam Province. The data was collected for this study between May 30 and June 13, 2001. For this study, the following materials were used as instruments: the types of attitudes toward sexual violence developed by Nam, S. Y.(2000), the antisocial personality by Min, B. K., Choi, S. J., & Lee, G. H.(1978), the self-esteem developed by Rosenberg(1965) and interpreted by Jeon, B. J.(1974), the family support developed by Cobb(1976), the stereotyped sex role and the attitude on sexuality by Kim, E. J.(1997). The data was analyzed, using SPSS 7.5 for Windows Program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Adolescents of the first type, ones blaming social morals, amounted to 34.7%(100 subjects), the second type, ones blaming the victims, amounted to 22.3%(64 subjects), the third type, ones claiming reform of consciousness, amounted to 25.3%(73 subjects), and the fourth type, ones coping actively, amounted to 17.7%(51 subjects). 2. Attitudes toward sexual violence were influenced a great deal by the sex of the subject. 3. The study revealed that various types of the attitudes toward sexual violence was significantly different from one another, related to antisocial personality(F=2.80, P=.04). Especially the first type and the third type were most different from each other. The latter showed the antisocial personality strongly, compared with the former. 4. Discriminant analysis revealed that the most powerful predictors of attitudes toward sexual violence were the sex of the subject and whether or not they had an antisocial personality. 5. The degree of possibility of identifying a risk group of adolescents was 45.9% and the possibility of identifying a non-risk group was 73.3%. The hit ratio was 67.8%. In conclusion, the results of the study lead us to understand the type of adolescent attitudes toward sexual violence. The results will be useful to furnish a guideline for nursing intervention and education programs to prevent sexual violence in adolescence.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.277-292
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between infant's attachment and maternal parenting attitudes of 12 months infants and to verify the child's problem behaviors according to the patterns of attachment. There was no statistical significant difference between the maternal parenting attitudes and the patterns of infant's attachment. But the latter infants had been fed the more they showed secured attachment. Infants fostered under mothers having a good relationship with brother's family husband, and having a satisfaction of environmental factors had more secured attachment. There was the statistical significant difference between the patterns of attachment and child's problem behaviors. In securely attached children showed more immature insecure antisocial behaviors and habit disorders. As the results the maternal parenting attitude influenced infants's patterns of attachment to their mothers. And childern's problem behaviors were influenced by the patterns of attachment.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.38
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• pp.29-63
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• 2015

This paper attempts to re-read Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire from a non-Aristotelian perspective, particularly focusing on the audience performativity. In Chapter 6 of the Poetics, Aristotle says that tragedy has a final purpose or end (telos) and that is to inspire a catharsis (literally "purification") of pity and fear by means of representation and to give pleasure from experiencing their relief. However, a dramatic theoretician Augusto Boal argues that Aristotelian catharsis is not to get rid of pity and fear through their vehement discharge; rather, the basic function of catharsis is the purging of antisocial elements from the social body and the restoration of order because catharsis occurs when the spectator, terrified by the spectacle of the catastrophe, is purified of his "hamartia" which looks similar to the tragic flaw of the hero in the play. Thus, Boal asserts that Aristotle's coercive system of tragedy manipulates the emotions of the passive spectator. By contrast, in non-Aristotelian aesthetics, tragedy functions not as legitimation for a particular political configuration but as the performance of ethical acts-through which all the participants, including not only the actors but also the audience, communicate more actively about practical problems and actively work in order to make sense of themselves, others, and society. Here, the audience is required to restore and reinforce his/her capacity to think and to act; thus, an unquestioning, passive, indifferent attitude is not allowed. In these contexts, this paper explores how Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire involves the audience in the responsibility for what occurs on the stage, in order to urge the audience's ethical judgements and responsible acts. This paper argues that what this play asks of us is not catharsis, the purging of pity and fear, but empathy toward the other's pain, beyond pity and fear, to carry out our responsibility of sharing in and caring for the other's suffering. That is to say that it will be an ethical way to "re-member" Blanche DuBoi-the iconic Williams victim "dis-membered" by traumatic memories and open wounds and is thus unable to complete her grieving and mourning-as one of us, not as the other. It will be the only way to remember right regarding her tragedy.