• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2020

The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of cookies prepared using powders of barley sprout (BS), lemon balm (LB), and green tea (GT) were studied. The same dough density was maintained in all the sample groups. The experimental group to which the natural ingredients containing antioxidants were added did not show any significant change in the appearance of cookies compared to the control. LB and GT cookies showed significantly lower hardness compared to the control (p<0.05). Control showed the lowest antioxidant effect when assessed with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. (DPPH) and this gradually increased in the order of BS, LB, and GT. The antioxidant activity of GT was 7 times higher as compared to the control (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity assessed using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) also showed results similar to that seen with DPPH. GT showed a significantly higher total phenol content, about 2-3 times higher compared to the control (p<0.05). GT had significantly higher total flavonoid content than that of the control (p<0.05). Thus, the addition of natural antioxidant ingredients such as sprout barley, lemon balm and specifically green tea, in the preparation of cookies, resulted in excellent antioxidant activity with similar physicochemical quality characteristics. The study suggests that it is possible to develop cookies that are competitive in terms of nutritional and physiologically active functions.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2017

Hovenia dulcis fruit powder (HFP) has shown diverse functional activities; thus, it is rational to incorporate HFP into suitable food products with enhanced nutritional and functional quality, and their incorporation into bakery products such as cookies could be a good alternative for the increase of consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of HFP addition on the quality characteristics of cookies. The pH of cookie doughs ranged from 5.80-6.34, with no remarkable differences by HFP addition. Density of cookie doughs significantly decreased upon addition of HFP (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among samples added with HFP (p>0.05). Moisture content and spread factor of cookies significantly increased with higher content of HFP in the formulation (p<0.05). For color values of cookie surface, $L^*$ and $b^*-values$ decreased while $a^*-value$ increased as a result of HFP substitution (p<0.05). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (p<0.05) with higher substitution of HFP, showing a positive correlation. Hedonic sensory results indicated that cookies supplemented with 4% HFP received the most favorable acceptance scores for sensory attributes. Overall, HFP-added cookies could be developed with improved physicochemical qualities without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2017

This study investigated the quality characteristics of cookies containing laver powder, which is well known for its various functions and biological activity. This study assessed the quality characteristics of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) of laver powder(LP). To analyze quality characteristics, pH of dough, moisture content, color, hardness, and sensory properties were measured. Qualities, such as pH, brightness, and redness and yellowness and hardness decreased significantly (p<0.001). The total flavonoid and total polyphenol and ABTS radical scavenging activity were proportionally increased with increasing the level of laver powder added in cookies(p<0.001). The antioxidant activity measured by total flavonoid and total polyphenol activities was significantly higher than control and increased proportionally to the laver powder. The result of sensory test shows that sample group adding 2% of laver powder achieved the highest. Based on the above results, this study suggests that the addition of 2% laver powder may be the best substitution ratio for cookies of the improvement of sensory preference and antioxidant. This study exhibited both the functional and health based benefits of laver when it is added to cookies and confirmed the development feasibility of laver cookies considering consumer satisfaction.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of rice cookie with added butterbur powder in a ratio of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to confirm the possibility of butterbur as a functional food. The moisture content, spread factor, leavening rate, and hardness of rice cookies increased with an increase in the amount of butterbur powder; whereas a decrease in the pH and baking loss rate was observed. The L and b values decreased as the amount of butterbur powder increased, but the value was the lowest when 5% of butterbur powder was added. The sensory liking score showed the highest preference for 10% butterbur powder regarding appearance, flavor, taste, texture, and overall preference. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the addition of 10% butterbur powder positively affected the measure of food acceptance in terms of organoleptic properties of butterbur. Besides, as the amount of added butterbur powder increased, the antioxidant activity of rice cookies increased. Based on these results, it appears that the addition of butterbur powder to rice cookies in a 10% ratio can produce rice cookies with excellent antioxidant activity, overall quality, and high preference.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.382-391
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• 2021

This study was conducted to find out the bakery processing suitability of maca and to develop rice-based processed foods. We investigated the antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of rice cookies prepared with the addition of maca (Lepidium meyenii) powder (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of the total materials). We observed an increase in the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, and DPPH-ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity of the rice cookies as the proportion of added maca powder increased (p<0.05). The quality characteristics such as the "a" value, "b" value, and the hardness of the cookies increased with an increase in the proportion of maca powder (p<0.05) in the cookie, whereas the moisture content, pH of the dough, spread ratio, loss rate, leavening rate, and "L" values showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). In the sensory evaluation results, consumer acceptability showed a significantly higher value in the 2% maca cookie group (p<0.05), and the characteristic intensity rating (color, flavor, bitterness) increased as the proportion of maca added to the cookie increased (p<0.05). Therefore, this suggests that adding 2% maca powder as the functional ingredient in rice cookies can result in rice bakery products with excellent qualities.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.642-653
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 밀가루 중량 대비 아로니아 분말을 2, 4 및 6%로 첨가한 쿠키 반죽의 팽창률, 손실률, 퍼짐성을 측정하고, 제조한 쿠키의 당도, pH, 경도, 색도와 항산화에 관여하는 활성 물질 및 항산화 활성을 측정하여 아로니아를 쿠키 제조에 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 쿠키의 수분은 아로니아 분말 첨가량에 비례하여 감소하였고, 회분은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 쿠키의 조단백질과 조지방 함량도 대조군과 아로니아 분말을 6%까지 첨가한 쿠키에서 통계적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 쿠키에 첨가한 아로니아 분말 함량에 비례하여 쿠키의 퍼짐성, 팽창률, 손실률은 감소하였고, 쿠키의 경도는 증가하였다. 아로니아 분말 첨가량에 비례하여 쿠키의 명도와 황색도는 감소하였으나 적색도는 증가하였다. 쿠키 반죽에 첨가한 아로니아 분말 함량이 많아짐에 따라 쿠키의 총안토시아닌 함량도 증가하였고, 총폴리페놀과 총플라보노이드 함량도 아로니아 분말 첨가량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 아로니아 분말 첨가 비율이 증가함에 따라 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성과 환원력도 높아졌다. 이상의 결과를 통해 쿠키에 아로니아 분말을 첨가하면 항산화 활성을 높일 수 있으며, 쿠키의 질감, 생리활성 물질, 항산화 활성 등을 고려할 때 아로니아 분말을 4% 수준에서 첨가하는 것이 적절할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2016

여러 가지 기능성과 생리활성을 가지고 있는 아로니아를 활용하고자 아로니아 분말을 첨가하여 가능성을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 아로니아 가루 첨가(0, 2, 5, 7, 8%)한 쿠키를 제조하여 쿠키의 품질특성, 반죽 pH, 수분함량, 색도 및 관능 특성을 측정했다. 색도 a, b값, 수분, 경도는 아로니아 함유량의 증가와 함께 증가되었다(p<0.001). 아로니아 분말을 첨가 할수록 pH, 명도 L값은 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.001). DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거능 역시, 아로니아 분말 첨가군이 대조군에 비해 radical 소거활성이 높게 나타나, 아로니아 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 항산화 활성도 증가하는 것으로 보인다. 전반적인 기호도는 4% 첨가군이 대조군과 다른 군보다 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.001), 외관, 향, 맛의 기호도는 아로니아 가루 첨가량에 따라 낮아지는 경향이었다. 이와같은 결과로 아로니아 첨가 쿠키 제조 시 품질특성, 항산화성, 기호도 면에서 2%, 4%가 높게 평가되어 아로니아 쿠키의 관능특징과 건강 기능성 효과 등을 고려할 때 2~4%의 아로니아 가루를 첨가하는 것이 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 분석을 통해 4% 아로니아 분말을 첨가하였을 때 아로니아 분말 쿠키는 품질, 기호도 측면에서 품질 특성이 높고, 건강 기능성을 고려한 충분한 경쟁력이 있을 것으로 생각되며, 아로니아 분말을 이용한 개발 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2017

본 연구는 항산화성이 우수하나 버려지는 율피의 이용 증대를 위해 숙성시켜 파우더로 만든 후 쿠키에 첨가(0.25%, 0.5%, 1%)하여 품질 특성 및 항산화성을 분석하였다. 숙성 흑율피 첨가 쿠키의 수분 함량은 숙성 흑율피의 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분 함량도 같이 증가하였다. 가용성 고형물 함량과 환원당 함량은 숙성 흑율피의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높아졌다. 명도는 숙성 흑율피 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 적색도는 숙성 흑율피 첨가량에 따라 증가하였다. 황색도는 숙성 흑율피 첨가량에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. pH는 숙성 흑율피의 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌으며 산도는 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 숙성 흑율피 쿠키의 조직감은 강도에서만 각각에 유의적이 차이를 보였으며 씹힘성에서는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총페놀의 함량은 숙성 흑율피의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. DPPH 라디칼 및 hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능은 숙성 흑율피 첨가량이 증가할수록 $IC_{50}$ 값이 낮게 나타나 항산화능이 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과 색상, 거침성, 숙성 흑율피의 이질성, 숙성 흑율피의 향, 숙성 흑율피의 맛은 숙성 흑율피의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 점수를 받았으며, 버터향과 단맛은 숙성 흑율피의 첨가량이 많을수록 낮게 나타났다. 기호도 특성 결과 전체적인 기호도와 구매의향은 0.5%의 숙성 흑율피를 첨가하였을 때 가장 높게 나왔다. 이상의 결과로부터 숙성 흑율피를 쿠키에 첨가 시 0.5% 수준으로 첨가하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 생각되며, 폐기하던 율피의 이용도를 증대할 수 있는 바람직한 방법이라 생각한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2018

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of rice cookies prepared with different amounts (0, 3, 6, 9%) of hibiscus powder. The pH of cookie dough decreased as the amount of hibiscus powder increased. Additionally, the moisture content and spread factor were higher in groups containing hibiscus powder than in the control groups. Furthermore, the L-value decreased with increasing hibiscus powder, while the a-value increased. The incorporation of hibiscus powder into cookies decreased hardness. Additionally, consumer acceptance testing revealed that the addition of up to 6% hibiscus powder was desirable in terms of overall acceptability. The total phenol content of the control groups was 12.32 mg GAE/100 g, while the levels in the groups containing hibiscus powder ranged from 23.32 to 59.86 mg GAE/100 g. Finally, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity increased with increasing hibiscus powder level. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that amending cookies with 6% hibiscus powder can improve antioxidant activities without affecting sensory quality.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2009

Apple and apricot powders (APL-P and APR-P) were produced from apple and apricot fruits and they were used in cookie formulation at the levels of 10-40% (in flour bases). The APL-P and APR-P were rich in terms of total dietary fiber (TDF) and antioxidant power. The APR-P supplemented cookies had higher spread ratio and lower hardness values than the APL-P supplemented ones at all addition levels. The color values of the APR-P supplemented cookies were all acceptable. Overall sensory scores of the cookies supplemented with APL-P and APR-P were not significantly different from the control up to 20% addition. TDF contents of the supplemented cookies increased significantly with increasing addition level (p<0.01). The replacement of flour by APL-P and APR-P in wire-cut cookies showed that the physical characteristics and textural properties of the cookies were significantly affected (p<0.01) and APR-P appeared to be a more suitable replacer of flour than APL-P. Addition of both fruit powders upto 20% into the cookie formulation were evaluated as acceptable in terms of the sensory properties.