• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.248-258
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of an antiobese functional formula (FC-GT) on body weight and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed different diets for 6 weeks: normal control (NC), high-fat (HF), and high-fat supplemented with powdered antiobese functional formula (FC-GT) (5% wt/wt) groups. Although body weight was not significantly different among the groups, relative weights of epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissues were significantly lower in the FC-GT group than in the HF group. FC-GT supplementation significantly lowered the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, whereas it elevated the ratio of HDL-C/total-C and improved the atherogenic index. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lowered in the FC-GT group compared to the HF group. The accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets and the epididymal white adipocyte size of the FC-GT group were diminished compared to the HF group. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in the FC-GT group than in the HF group. Plasma GPT activity was significantly lowered in the FC-GT group compared to the HF group. Additionally, fecal weight was significantly increased in the FC-GT group than in the HF group. In addition, contents of fecal triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly higher in the FC-GT group compared to the other groups. The antioxidant activities of hepatic SOD, CAT, and GR were significantly increased in the FC-GT group compared to the HF group. Hepatic mARS and plasma mARS levels were significantly lowered in the FC-GT group compared to the NC group. Accordingly, we conclude that supplementation of FC-GT improves plasma and hepatic lipid levels in high-fat fed rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.204-210
• /
• 2000

The antioxidative effects of solvent fractions of kimchi on LDL oxidatiojn in vitro as well as hypolipidemic effects of these fractions in rabbit fed atherogenic diet were studied. Methanol extract of deffated kimchi was fractionated sequentially with dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. All solvent fractions of kimchi inhibited Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation. Among these fractions, the dicholoromethane fraction at the concentration of 25$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL showed the highest antioxidant effects against LDL oxidation in the aspect of inhibiting TBARS production by 28.03% or prolonged lag phase duration 2-fold compared to those of control. Based on the results from in vitro study, New Zealand White Rabbits grouped six each were fed for 8 weeks either basal diet containing 1% cholesterol or experimental diet containing dichloromethane, ethylacetate or water fraciton added to the basal diet. The amount of solvent fraction of kimchi added to the experimental diet was equivalent to 5% of freeze-dried kimchi. The hypolipidemic effects was observed from all experimental gropus, especially from dichloromethane fraction added group. The plasma and LDL cholesterol levels of this group were decreased by 49% and 47%, respectively while that of HDL increased by 91% compared to those of control. The calculated atherogenic index for the dichloromethane group was the lowest among groups. However, TG lowering effect of experimental group was not observed since solbent fraction of kimchi was used instead of freeze-dried kimchi. The TBARS concentration of LDL isolated from rabbit fed dichloromethane fraction was decreased 21% than that of control. These results indicate that active principles responsible for inhibiting LDL oxidation and lowering plasma cholesterol may present abundantly in dichloromethane fraction of kimchi.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare serum fetuin-A levels and oxidative stress markers, as indicators of insulin resistance, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in healthy controls. Methods: This prospective case-control study included 46 patients with PCOS and 48 age- and body mass index-matched control women. Levels of serum hormones, fetuin-A, and oxidative stress markers were measured in blood samples taken during the early follicular period from each participant. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), total testosterone levels, and the LH/FSH ratio were found to be significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls. Serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index parameters all indicated significantly higher levels of oxidative stress in PCOS patients than in controls. Serum fetuin-A levels, which were analyzed as an indicator of insulin resistance, were higher in the PCOS group than in the control group ($210.26{\pm}65.06{\mu}g/mL$ and $182.68{\pm}51.20{\mu}g/mL$, respectively; p= 0.024). Conclusion: The data obtained from the present study suggest that higher levels of both serum fetuin-A and oxidative stress markers might be related with PCOS.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MBS) is a widespread disease that has strongly related to unhealthy diet and low physical activity, which initiate more serious conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of morin, as one of the flavonoids constituents, which widely exists in many herbs and fruits, against some metabolic and hepatic manifestations observed in MBS rats and the feasible related mechanisms. MBS was induced in rats by high fructose diet feeding for 12 weeks. Morin (30 mg/kg) was administered orally to both normal and MBS rats for 4 weeks. Liver tissues were used for determination of liver index, hepatic expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as well as both inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The fat/muscle ratio, metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure, and oxidative stress markers were also determined. Our data confirmed that the administration of morin in fructose diet rats significantly reduced the elevated systolic blood pressure. The altered levels of metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers were also reversed approximately to the normal values. In addition, morin treatment decreased liver index, serum liver enzyme activities, and fat/muscle ratio. Furthermore, morin relatively up-regulated GLUT2 expression, however, down-regulated NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β expressions in the hepatic tissues. Here, we revealed that morin has an exquisite effect against metabolic disorders in the experimental model through, at least in part, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2021

Background: Herbicides such as glyphosate, paraquat, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid have been reported to cause adverse side effects through production of reactive oxygen species. However, there were no data representing the adverse effects of a mixture herbicide usage in farmers, especially the changes in oxidative marker and antioxidant defense. This study aimed to determine the urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) level in farmers using mixed herbicides. Methods: Ninety-three farmers were recruited, and two spot urine samples (before and after work) were collected. The urinary MDA level was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay, and the urinary GSH level was determined using the enzymatic recycling method. Results: Sixty-two percent of the participants were men, and 59% of the participants worked in a farm for 20-40 years. The common combinations of herbicide usage were glyphosate with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (36.5%). There was no significant difference between pre- and post-work urinary MDA and GSH levels among the 3 groups of herbicides. However, the urinary MDA levels in farmers using the combination of glyphosate and paraquat were significantly higher than those found in farmers using glyphosate alone. The associated factors with changes in MDA levels found that the exposure intensity index (B = 0.154), the cumulative exposure intensity index (B = 0.023), and wearing gloves while working (B = -2.347) were found to be significantly associated with MDA level. Conclusion: The results suggest that the combined use of glyphosate and paraquat caused a significant increase in urinary MDA levels. Moreover, intensity of exposure to herbicide and wearing gloves were associated with the level of MDA.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.283-291
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 고흥과 제주도로부터 수확된 유자의 수확시기에 따른 과실의 품질 변화를 규명하고자 하였다. 8월부터 12월까지 매월 1일 수확된 유자 과실을 사용하여 유자의 크기, 중량, 과형지수, 당도, 수분함량등 외관적 특징과 총 페놀함량, 항산화 활성 그리고 감귤류의 대표 플라보노이드 성분인 나린진과 헤스페리딘의 함량을 각각 측정하였다. 고흥과 제주도로부터 수확된 과실의 외관적 특징을 비교할 때 8월 9월에 수확된 유자는 초록색을 띄며 수확시기가 지날수록 노란색으로 변하면서 성숙되었고 수확적기인 11월과 12월에는 진한 노란색을 띄었다. 제주도 유자가 고흥 유자에 비해 다소 크나 유의적인 차이는 크게 없었으며. 수확시기에 따른 구형지수는 점차 감소하여 구형에서 타원형으로 변하였고 당도는 증가하였다. 총 페놀화합물의 함량은 제주도 유자가 고흥 유자에 비해 다소 높은 함량을 보였으며, 8월에 수확한 어린숙기의 유자의 총 페놀화합물 함량은 수확적기인 11월, 12월 유자 보다 높은 수준의 함량을 보였으며 산지에 따라 10월까지 점차적으로 감소하다 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 산지별, 수확시기에 따른 항산화 활성은 총 페놀화합물 함량과 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 8월 수확한 미숙 유자의 항산화 활성은 높은 수준의 활성을 보였으며 산지에 따라 10월과 11월까지 감소하다 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 나린진과 헤스페리딘 함량 또한 제주도 유자가 고흥유자에 비해 다소 높은 함량을 보였으며 8월 수확한 미성숙과의 유자는 높은 수준의 함량을 보였으며 수확시기에 따라 현저하게 감소하였고 수확적기인 11월과 12월은 유의적인 차이 없이 거의 비슷한 함량을 보였다. 본 연구 결과로 보아, 미성숙과에서 식물체에 존재하는 많은 페놀성 물질과, 플라보노이드 성분을 다량 함유하며 강한 항산화 효과가 있어 다양한 생리활성을 기대할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 이를 다양하게 활용한다면 여러 질병의 예방 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.465-473
• /
• 2016

영양 및 기능성이 높은 조의 다양한 수요 창출을 위하여 배유 특성이 다른 조를 대상으로 분말 즉석 죽을 제조하고, 이화학적 특징 및 조리 특성 등의 품질과 항산화 활성의 생리활성을 평가하였다. 대상으로 사용한 조 원료곡은 메조 삼다메, 차조 삼다찰을 사용하였고, 물만 부어 바로 섭취할 수 있도록 전분의 호화 후 노화를 막는 가공처리로서 1) 건조곡 볶음, 2) 수침곡 볶음, 3) 찐 후 급속냉동, 4) 팽화처리하고 대조로 5) 원곡을 사용하였다. 재료의 수분 흡착능을 알아보는 WAI는 팽화처리에서 가장 높았으며, 원료곡에 따라서는 차조가 높았다. 즉석 죽 가루의 RVA 특성은 메조의 경우, 가공처리 후 전체적으로 점도 및 setback이 저하되어 열과 수분에 안정적으로 나타났다. 차조는 가공 처리된 즉석 죽을 재호화함에 따라 점도가 크게 증가하였다. 즉석 죽 가루에 뜨거운 물에 부었을 때의 점도는 건조곡 볶음가루 죽은 원료곡 가루죽과 점도 차이가 크게 없었고, 메조는 팽화처리, 차조는 찐 후 냉동건조, 수침곡 볶음 및 팽화처리 분말에서 즉석 죽으로 이용하기에 충분한 점성을 지닌 것으로 판단되었다. 항산화 성분인 폴리페놀 함량 및 ABTS 라디컬 소거능은 찐 후 냉동건조를 제외하고는 가공처리에 의해 뚜렷이 증가하였으며, 가공처리 중에는 팽화처리 시 원료곡 폴리페놀 함량 및 ABTS 라디컬 소거능의 1.5배, 1.7배로 가장 증가가 컸다. 배유 특성 및 가공처리별 즉석 죽의 관능검사 결과, 메조 삼다메를 팽화처리한 분말 즉석 죽의 기호도가 가장 높았으며, 뜨거운 물에도 엉김 현상 없이 잘 녹아 가공적성이 우수하였다. 따라서, 죽의 점도 및 수분흡착능은 차조 삼다찰이 높았으나, 항산화 활성, 열과 수분에 대한 안정성, 기호도 및 물에 풀었을 때 엉김 현상을 고려할 경우, 메조 삼다메가 더 우수하였으며, 가공처리방법으로는 팽화처리가 모든 항목에서 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제37권11호
• /
• pp.1485-1490
• /
• 2008

감마선 조사는 식품의 부패방지 및 안정성 향상을 위해 그 사용 범위가 확대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 패 분말과 70% 발효주정 추출물에 3, 7 및 20 kGy로 감마선을 조사하여 항산화능의 변화를 알아보았다. 패 분말에 감마선 조사하여 70% 발효주정으로 추출한 뒤 수율, 총 페놀화합물 함량 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 변화를 알아본 결과, 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 수율은 증가하여 20 kGy 조사구에서는 19%의 수율을 보였으나, 총 페놀화합물 함량 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능에 있어서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 패 70% 발효주정 추출물에 감마선 조사하여 총 페놀화합물 함량, 항산화능 및 이화학적 특성 변화를 알아본 결과, Rancimat에 의한 항산화도에 있어서는 비조사구 및 3, 7, 20 kGy 조사구 각각 1.07, 0.74, 0.91 및 1.22의 AI값을 보여 3과 7 kGy 조사구는 감소하였으며, 20 kGy 조사구는 증가하였다. 총 페놀화합물 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 분말에 감마선 조사하였을 때와 같이 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 색도는 감마선 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 색이 감소하는 경향을 보였고, pH의 경우 조사구가 비조사구보다 다소 감소한 값을 보였다. 따라서 감마선 조사된 패 70% 발효주정 추출물은 본래의 항산화 활성을 유지하면서 비조사구보다 패 추출물 본래의 색이 옅어져 식품에 첨가시 식품자체의 색에 큰 영향을 미치지 않아 식품 천연 항산화제로서 적용이 용이할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.143-158
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at GB34(Yangreungcheon) in rats. Methods : The authors performed several experimental items including measurements of body weight, relative liver weight, levels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in blood serum, levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in liver, and histological analysis of liver. The conclusions are as follows. Results : 1. In the GB34-EA group, liver index was lower than those of the control group and the holder group. 2. In the GB34-EA group, the levels of albumin and total bilirubin in serum were increased significantly compared to those of the control and the holder group. LDL-cholesterol level was decreased significantly compared to those of the control group and the holder group. 3. In the GB34-EA group, liver SOD, glutathione, catalase activity were increased, and NO concentration in liver was decreased significantly compared to those of control and the holder group. 4. In the GB34-EA group, the density of liver tissue was more similarly maintained to that of the normal group compared to those of the control group, holder group and sham-EA group. Conclusions : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at GB34 may have an antioxidant effect in rat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제41권7호
• /
• pp.594-601
• /
• 2008

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Panax ginseng) has been used for several thousand years to prolong longevity in Asian countries. Ginsenosides are the most active components isolated from ginseng and belong to damarane saponin which are separated into protopanaxadiol and protopanaxtriol. To evaluate the complex effect of ginsenoside in apo E null mice, ginseng extract were intraperioneally (i.p.) injected and provided high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Ginseng extract came from were i.p. injected with dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks in the last experimental duration. Ginseng extract used experiment was abundant Rb1, Rc, Re, and Rg1 and PD：PT ratio was 1.2. The high-cholesterol diet induced liver damage was significantly reduced by ginseng extract. Results from plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic index were improved by ginseng extracts. The GE group significantly decreased plasma TG and TC by 73% and 61% compared to apo E (-/-) group. Also ginseng extract tend to decrease lipid profiles and lipidperoxidation contents in liver and heart. Ginseng extract with an abundant amount of Rg1 significantly suppressed the apoptosis induction of cardiac tissue. In conclusion, ginseng extract (PD：PT = 1) was improved lipid profiles and anti-oxidant effects.