• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2000

In recent years a great deal of information has accumulated for livestock on vitamin. function, metabolism and supplemental needs. The role of the antioxidant "vitamins" (carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C) in immunity and health of livestock has been a fruitful area of research. These nutrients play important roles in animal health by inactivating harmful free radicals produced through normal cellular activity and from various stressors. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that these antioxidant vitamins generally enhance different aspects of cellular and noncellular immunity. A compromised immune system will result in reduced animal production efficiency through increased susceptibility to diseases, thereby leading to increased animal morbidity and mortality. Vitamin E has been shown to increase performance of feedlot cattle and to increase immune response for ruminant health, including being beneficial for mastitis control. Vitamin E given to finishing cattle at higher than National Research Council (NRC) requirements dramatically maintained the red color (oxymyoglobin) compared with the oxidized metmyoglobin of beef. Under commercial livestock and poultry production conditions, vitamin allowances higher than NRC requirements may be needed to allow optimum performance. Generally, the optimum vitamin supplementation level is the quantity that achieves the best growth rate, feed utilization, health (including immune competency), and provides adequate body reserves.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2001

The spontaneous frequency of genetic damage and the possible relationship of this damage to total radical-trapping antioxidant potential(TRAP) and antioxidant vitamins, including plasma levels of $\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, cryptoxanthin, retinol, $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol in humans were investigated in 57 subjects using two indices of genetic damage, SCE & HFC frequency. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were weakly correlated with plasma TRAP(r=-0.305, p<0.1 for SCEs: r=-0.297, p<0.1 for HFCs, respectively), but those were strongly negatively correlated with plasma $\beta$-carotence(r=-0.385, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=-0.392, p<0.01 for HFCs) and cryptoxanthin(r=-0.312, p<0.05 for SCEs : r=0.335, p<0.05 for HFCs, respectively) levels in the subjects. However, those DNA damage markers including SCE and HFC did not correlate with either plasma $\alpha$-carotene, $\alpha$-tocopherol or retinol concentrations. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were positively correlated with plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol level(r=0.421, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=0.399, p<0.01 for HFCs, respectively). These findings indicate that increased cytogenetic DNA changes, as determined by SCE and HFC frequencies are possibly associated with generation of free radicals in lymphocytes and decreased plasma antioxidant vitamin($\beta$-carotene and cryptoxanthin) status in the subjects. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 401~08, 2001)

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2002

본 연구는 건강한 남자 대학생을 중심으로 흡연 여부에 따른 흡연에 대한 인식 및 항산화 영양소 섭취수준과 혈장 농도를 비교하고자 흡연자 30명, 비흡연자 30명을 선정하여 신체계측과 설문조사를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대상자의 연령은 흡연자가 24.4세 비흡연자가 22.4세이고, 신장은 각각 173.4cm, 172.6cm, 체중은 69.8kg, 67.9kg으로 나타났으며, BMI, 체지방, 체지방량, 제지방량(LBM), 체수분량(TBW)에서 군간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압은 흡연자에게서 유의적으로 높았으며, 혈당은 유의적이지는 않았지만, 흡연자가 높은 경향을 보였다. 커피와 알코올을 섭취하는 비율은 모두 흡연자에서 유의적으로 높았으며, 일일 섭취하는 알코올의 양도 흡연자에서 유의적으로 높았다. 흡연자들의 흡연 이유로는 '스트레스 해소'가 가장 많았고, 다음으로는 '습관적', '대인관계 향상을 위해서' 순이었다. 흡연여부에 따라 흡연에 대한 인식도를 조사한 결과, 흡연자가 비흡연자에 비해 유의적으로 흡연에 동의하는 경향이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 식품섭취 빈도조사에 의한 항산화 비타민 섭취량은 비타민 A의 경우 흡연자 $505.15{\pm}123.32gR.E.$ 비흡연자 $519.48{\pm}111.25{\mu}gR.E.$로 유의적 차이는 없었다. 비타민 C는 각각 133.13 37.76mg, $124.68{\pm}27.12mg$로 유의적이지는 않았지만 흡연자가 약간 높았으며, 비타민 E 섭취량은 $6.91{\pm}2.39mg$, $7.09{\pm}1.73mg$로 차이를 보이지 않았다. 신체 계측치와 생화학적 성분간 상관관계에서는 이완기 혈압과 연령, 체지방, 체지방량이 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 혈장 비타민 C 농도는 체중(p＜0.05), 체수분량(p＜0.05)과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 혈압이나 혈당에서 흡연자가 비흡연자에 비해 높은 수준을 보여 흡연이 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 흡연에 대한 인식에서는 흡연자가 흡연에 동의하는 경향이 더 높았다. 흡연자와 비흡연자의 항산화 비타민 섭취량은 차이가 없었으나 활동량이 많고, 흡연력이 짧으며, 식이 섭취량이 비교적 많은 남자 대학생을 대상으로 하였음에도 불구하고 혈장의 비타민 C 농도가 유의적으로 낮았던 것은 흡연으로 인해 비타민 C 요구량이 증가된 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 항산화 영양소의 급원이 될 수 있는 식물의 섭취를 증가시키고 올바른 식습관을 형성하기 위한 교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1998

A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations. Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation . The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on blood composition in smoking college men. 24 subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group(n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8), and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol , and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid +200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the blood compositions of the volunteers bofore and after vitamins were supplemented . The results obtained were as follows ; intakes of energy , carbohydrate , fat protein , vitamin C and vitamin E were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Blood glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Concentrations of plasma uric acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with vitamin E supplementation. The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1295-1309
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• 2005

Nowadays, the nutritional deficits are rarely seen in Korea. However, an increased availability of the highly palatable energy dense, nutrient-poor foods increases the risks of obesity and deficits of vitamins and minerals in the general population. Also, optimum intake of vitamins and minerals, which varies with age and genetic back ground, might not suffice the poor, young, obese, and elderly people. Young girls and individuals participating in weight reductions and aesthetic components are prone to micronutrient deficiencies because they restrict food intake and specific micronutrient rich foods. An inadequate intake of vitamins or minerals is associated with reduced physical performance and exercise capacity, increased obesity, decreased cognitive function, increased DNA damages such as single- and double-stranded breaks or oxidative DNA lesions, and accelerated aging process and increased neuronal damages with mitochondrial oxidative decay. Most of these deleterious effects of the deficit could be prevented by a one tablet of multivitamins with a good balanced diet. High dose B vitamins are frequently administered to overcome the metabolic inadequacy to the people with the less functional enzymes with increased Km values for their coenzymes due to the single gene mutation or due to the single nucleotide polymorphisms. And some certain antioxidant vitamins are also used in large quantities to overcome the oxidative stress and to repair the damages. In this review, new nutritional concepts of some vitamins and minerals, which are widely used and useful for the children, will be discussed.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

Aflatoxin은 자연속에 존재하며 높은 독성을 가진 곰팡이 독소이다. 이들 곰팡이 독소는 Aspergillus flavus와 Aspergillus parasiticus로부터 생성되는 대사산물로서 식품에서 다양한 오염 경로를 가지고 발생한다. 특히 Aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$)은 사람에게 있어서 간독성 및 간암을 유발하는 잠재력을 가진 곰팡이 독소이며, 지질과산화 반응은 aflatoxin B$_1$에 의한 세포 산화적 손상시 발생하는 주요 현상중의 하나이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 aflatoxin B$_1$과 항산화 비타민 혼합 투여 후 유도된 간과 혈청의 지질 구성 성분 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 특히 비타민 C와 비타민 E는 중요한 항산화제에 속하는 것으로 이들을 복강내 주사(i.p, intraperitoneal injection)를 통하여 각각 10 mg/kg, 63.8 mg/kg씩 male ICR mice에 투여하였으며 1시간후 0.4mg/kg의 AFB$_1$을 동일한 방법으로 투여하였다. AFB$_1$에 의하여 유도된 지질구성 성분의 변화에 있어서 AFB$_1$, 단독 투여군과 항산화 비타민 혼합 투여군을 비교하였을 때 혈청에서의 유리콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 총 콜레스테롤등은 AFB$_1$, 단독 투여군에서 2배 이상 증가되었다. 간에서의 지방산 조성에서도 AFB$_1$, 단독 투여군에서 항산화비타민 혼합투여군보다 콜레스테롤 에스테르, 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 인지질의 P/S ratio가 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 AFB$_1$에 의한 세포손상이 항산화 비타민에 의해 감소되는 효과가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.432-443
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• 2000

Smoking can increase oxidative stress and thereby change the antioxidant defense system in the body. Supplementation of antioxidant vitamins might improve antioxidant status in the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin C supplementation and smoking cessation education on changes of antioxidant status and psychosocial factors related to smoking. To obtain above purposes, we investigated the effectiveness of intervention for male adolescent smokers were evalnate by assessing changes in dietary intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamin concentration, and psychosocial factors related to smoking after program completion. Subjects, male adolescent smokers, were assigned into four groups : Control group(19 students), Educ. group(19 students), Vit. C supple. group(19 students), and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group(19 students). The Educ. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received nutrition and smoking cessation education once a week for 5 weeks. Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group received 500 mg per day of ascorbic acid for 35 days. All data were collected before and after intervention. Vit. B$_2$and Vit. C intakes of all groups were increased, but the only Ca intake was increased in the Educ. group. Plasma Vit. C concentration and Ratio(plasma Vit. C/Vit. C intakes) were increased in the Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and the Vit. C deficiency status of these groups(Vit. C suppl. group and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group) disappeared. Showing the effects of Vit. C supplementation, plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol was increased in the Educ. and Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group, and especially high increases were seen in the Educ.+Vit. C suppl. group. Psychosocial factors related to smoking changed after the education a little. This intervention program had an impact on nutrition intakes, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and some beliefs related to smoking in male adolescent students. Various programs of nutrition and smoking cessation education and vitamin supplementation for quitting smoking must be implemented for adolescent smokers, and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amount of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2001

Body antioxidant status is an important factor for the prevention of many chronic diseases in the elderly. This study was done to evaluate the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins of the elderly by determining their intakes and plasma levels. It was also aimed to compare daily intakes and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins by sex of age. Subjects were 225 elderly persons aged over 60 years old (63 males, 162 females) living in Ulsan area. Subjects were divided by groups according to age(＜ 65, 65－74, 75) and sex. Dietary Intakes were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires(FFQ). Plasma Vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and plasma levels of vitamin E, A and ${\beta}$-carotene were measured by HFLC. The average intakes of vitamin C were 104.9g(150% of RDA) and 104.4g(149％ of RDA) in the elder1y males and females, respectively. Vitamin C intake of the elderly was significantly decreased by aging but not different by sex. The average intakes of vitamin A were 678$\mu\textrm{g}$RE(96.9% of RDA) and 604$\mu\textrm{g}$:RE(86.2% of RDA) in elderly males and females, respectively. The average levels of Plasma vitamin C were 6.22mg/L and 11.45mg/L in the elderly males and females, respectively. Those levels are within normal range(6-20mg/L). However the percentage of the elderly males with deficiency(＜ 2mg/L) and marginal level(2-4mg/L) of vitamin C were 27.4% and 16.1%, respectively. Plasma retinaol levels were 0.39mg/L for the elderly males and 0.37mg/L for the elderly females, which were within normal range. But the percentage of subjects with marginal level were 28% ill both males and females. Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels of the elderly were lower than normal range(5-12mg/L). Plasma levels of vitamin C, E and ${\beta}$-carotene, except retinol, were significantly higher in the elderly females compared to males and showed significant decrease by aging.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.472-482
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on blood pressure, plasma lipids, folate, and homocysteine levels in smokers and non-smokers of college male students in Gyeonggi Area. The nutrient intakes were determined by a 24hr-recall method. The subjects were divided into six groups: vitamin C sup-plementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin C and E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smokers and nonsmokers in terms of anthropometric measurements. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers than that of non-smokers. There was no significant difference in energy and other nutrients intakes between smokers and non-smokers. In plasma lipids levels, smokers had higher plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol concentration than that of non-smokers (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers had a tendency to be lower than that of non-smokers. In smokers, AI, TPH, LPH were significantly higher than that of non-smokers (p < 0.01). Plasma folate, homocysteine levels were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in smokers: In vitamin C supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly in-creased (p < 0.01) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). In vitamin E supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In vitamin C and E supplementation group, LPH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in non-smokers: HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p <0.05) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p <0.05) by vitamin C supplementation group. Plasma homocysteine level was decreased by vitamin E supplementation group in non-smokers (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that smoking had a tendency to increase plasma lipids levels that factor into the risk of coronary heart disease. It is considered that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers had a tendency to decrease cardiovascular disease than in nonsmokers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2017

본 연구는 한국 성인의 항산화 비타민 섭취량과 대사증후군의 관련성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국 성인 614명의 3일치 식사조사 자료를 한국인 상용식품의 항산화 비타민 함량 데이터베이스와 연계하여 항산화 비타민(비타민 A (${\mu}g$ RE, ${\mu}g$ RAE), 레티놀, 카로티노이드, 비타민 C, 비타민 E)의 섭취량을 추정하였다. 항산화 비타민 섭취밀도에 따라 대상자를 3분위로 나누어 대사증후군 및 그 위험요인의 오즈비를 계산한 결과, 남성에서 레티놀, 카로티노이드, 비타민 E의 섭취밀도가 높은 그룹의 대사증후군 유병률이 섭취밀도가 낮은 그룹보다 낮았으며, 여성 대상자에서도 레티놀의 섭취 밀도가 낮은 그룹보다 중간 및 높은 그룹의 대사증후군 유병률이 낮았다. 또한 남성 대상자에서 비타민 A, 카로티노이드, 비타민 E의 섭취밀도가 높은 그룹의 고혈당의 오즈비가 섭취밀도가 낮은 그룹보다 유의하게 낮았고, 여성 대상자에서는 비타민 A (${\mu}g$ RE)의 섭취밀도가 높은 그룹의 복부비만 오즈비가 섭취밀도가 낮은 그룹보다 유의하게 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 한국 성인에게서 항산화 비타민 섭취량과 대사증후군 사이에 유의한 관련성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 추후 항산화 비타민 섭취량과 대사증후군의 관련성에 대한 대규모 전향적 연구 또는 개입연구가 실시되어 인과관계를 더욱 명확히 파악하게 된다면, 대사증후군 관리 및 예방을 위한 식생활 관련 정책 수립의 과학적 근거를 제공하는데 도움이 될 것이다.