• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.139-142
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• 2015

Background: Healthcare workers' practices regarding hepatitis B have an important effect on the control of this problem in workplaces. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was used to investigate the role of knowledge, cues to action, and risk perceptions as predictors of preventive behavioral intentions for hepatitis B among healthcare works in Broujen, Iran (n = 150). History of hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B surface antigen test, and demographic characteristics were investigated. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were established. Results: Those who had a history of hepatitis B surface antigen test had a statistically significant higher level of risk perceptions ($30.89{\pm}4.08$ vs. $28.41{\pm}3.93$, p < 0.01) and preventive behavioral intentions ($5.05{\pm}1.43$ vs. $4.45{\pm}1.29$, p < 0.01). The mean score of cues to action was significantly correlated with age and work history (r = 0.20, p = 0.02 and r = 0.19, p = 0.02). Preventive behavioral intentions were significantly correlated with cues to action and risk perceptions but not with knowledge level. Cognitional factors were responsible for a 17% change in observed variance of preventive behavioral intentions, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Risk perceptions were the most important determinant of preventive behavioral intentions for hepatitis B among health personnel; thus, emphasizing risk perceptions is recommended in educational programs aimed at increasing health personnel's practices regarding hepatitis B.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.582-593
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• 2009

Background and Objective : Allergy is defined as an altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. This study was to evaluate the effect of oriental materia medica on IL-5 secretion in the mouse spleen cell. Methods : We used the splenocytes of mouse 8 weeks after its birth, and then cultivated those into the 2 experimental groups and a control group for 48 hours. The culture media of the experimental groups were made of $1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$ oriental materia medica, representative. And the culture media of control group was given no oriental materia medica. Then, we assayed the quantity of cytokine-expression by the sandwich ELISA. The quantities of cytokine-expression of the experimental groups were compared with that of the control group, which was standardized. These methods were used for all of the oriental materia medica treated. Results : Some oriental materia medica inhibit the secretion of IL-5 in both $1{\mu}g/ml$ and $10{\mu}g/ml$ culture media. These were Acori Rhizoma, Luffae Fasciculus Vascularis, Amomi Rotundi Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Biotae Semen, Clematis armandii, Dioscoreae Sativa Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Sophorae Flos, Oroxyli Semen, Aurantii Semen, Pini Nodi Lignum. Conclusion : This study indicates that some oriental materia medica inhibit the secretion of IL-5 and are beneficial for allergic disease.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2001

Biodegradable polymeric microspheres were studied for their usefulness as carriers for the delivery of vaccine antigens. However, protein antigen could be denatured during microencapsulation processes due to the exposure to the organic phase and stress condition of cavitation and shear force. Therefore this study was carried out to re-evaluate the degree of protein denaturation during microencapsulation with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer. PLGA microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA), prepared by W/O/W multiple emulsification method, were suspended in pH 7.4 PBS and incubated with shaking at $37.5^{\circ}C$. Drug released medium was collected periodically and analyzed for protein contents by micro-BCA protein assay. In order to evaluate the protein integrity, release medium was subjected to the analyses of SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). And enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced to measure the immunoreactivity of entrapped OVA and to get an insight into the three-dimensional structure of epitope. The structures of entrapped protein were not affected significantly by the results of SDS-PAGE and SEC. However, immunoreactivity of released antigen was varied, revealing the possibility of protein denaturation in some microspheres when it was evaluate by ELISA method. Therefore, in order to express the degree of protein denaturation, antigenicity ratio (AR) was obtained as follows: amount of immunoreactivity of OVA/total amount of OVA released ${\times}100(%)$. ELISA method was an efficient tool to detect a protein denaturation during microencapsulation and the comparison of AR values resulted in more accurate evaluation for immunoreactivity of entrapped protein.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.665-671
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• 1993

The rate of 67 neonatal calves's infection of Theileria sergenti was investigated in random samples on the farms located in Kyeongki, Chonbuk and Jeju districts of Korea. The criteria used in verifying infection with T sergenti included the detection of parasites by giemsa's stain and acridine orange stain in the blood smear slides. Further evidence of current or previous exposure to T sergenti was based on the demonstration of T sergenti-specific antibody and antigen by the western immunoblot and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test in the peripheral blood of the calves. The prevalence rates were 35%, 50% and 100% in Kyeongki, Chonbuk and Jeju provinces respectively and the overall prevalence in all the farms was 43.2% by means of acridine orange stain. The parasites that were observed in the peripheral blood of calves was shown surely by the western immunoblot to the characteristic 34KD antigen among the proteins of T sergenti (Korean Isolate). And the antibody of the neonatal calves reacted at the very highest titer(1 : >2,520). These data highlight the significance of T sergenti in the neonatal calf disease in Korea.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1996

This study was carried out to determine effectively the sex of rabbit embryos using H-Y antiserum. H-Y antiserum was obtained from inbred SD strain female rat which was immunized by injection of testis cell of inbred SD strain male rate into its spleen. The titer of antiserum was identified by sperm cytotoxicity test and culture of rabbit embryos with antiserum. The developed or undeveloped embryos were separated by exposure the embryos to the antiserum with H-Y antibody. Developed embryo were transferred to the recipients and sex of offspring were examined. 1. In the sperm cytotoxicity test, the rate of dead sperm showed no difference between two antisera from spleen and testis cell as antigens. It is confirmed that H-Y antibody in antiserum was absorbed by H-Y antigen in male rat spleen cells. 2. When rabbit morulae were exposed to antiserum and complement, the rate of embryos developed or arrested was 51 and 49% respectively and the rate was closely same as natural sex ratio of 50:50%. 3. When rabbit morulae were cultured for 12h in the medium containing antiserum produced by antigen of testis cell, the rate of embryos developed or arrested was 48 and 52% respectively and the rate was closely same as natural sex ratio of 50:50%. 4. Eighty rabbit embryos which were not affected by H-Y antiserum were transferred to four recipients. Two recipients were pregnant and born 13 pups among which 2 (14%) were male and 11 (86%) were female. In conclusion, existence of H-Y antibody in the serum from female rat immunized by injecting testis cell from newborn male rat to the spleen of the female rat was confirmed. When rabbitmorulae were exposed to H-Y antiserum and complement, about a half of embryos were developed to blastocysts. When the rabbit embryos not affected by H-Y antiserum were transferred, the rate of female offspring was 86%. Therefore, it was identified that most of embryos which were not affected by H-Y antiserum were female.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 UVB에 조사된 NIH3T3 세포에서 세포고사와 DNA 단사절단에 미치는 fisetin후처리의 효과에 대해서 연구하였다. 세포에 UVB $(200J/m^2)$를 조사하고 정상배지에서 48시간 배양한 세포의 세포고사에 수반되는 핵분절은 50% 정도의 세포에서 관찰되었다. 흥미롭게도 배양배지에 fisetin이 첨가될 경우 핵분절을 보이는 세포의 빈도는 상당한 감소를 보였다. 알칼리 아가로스 겔에 의한 DNA 단사절단 분석에서 자외선 조사 후 fisetin처리는 정상배지 배양시보다 단사절단의 빈도를 감소시켜 DNA크기의 증가를 유도하였는데 이는 fisetin이 UVB에 의한 DNA 상해의 회복에 긍정적 효과를 나타냄을 시사한다 Western blot 분석에 의해 fisetin은 자외선 조사에 의해 활성화되는 p53의 수준을 유의한 수준으로 감소시키며 자외선 상해의 결과 세포주기의 정지에 수반되는 PCNA의 감소 경향을 다소 완화시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 fisetin이 DNA 회복의 활성을 통해 세포고사의 감소에 기여하며 이 과정에서 p53 및 PCNA의 수준변화와 관련하여 행동함을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.904-910
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• 2006

수지상세포는 종양면역에서 필수적인 강력한 CTL 반응을 개시할 수 있는 유일한 세포이다 . 특히 외인성 종양항원에 대한 CTL 반응 유도는 활성화된 수지상세포의 IL-12 분비를 통한 CD4+ helper T세포의 cross-priming을 필요로 한다. 그러나 최근에 활성화된 수지상세포는 $Th_1$ 면역반응을 유도하지만 활성화 시간이 경과함에 따라 오히려 $Th_2$반응을 유도 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 OVA를 종양항원 모델로 설정하여 종양특이적인 CTL 반응을 형성하기 위한 최적의 수지상세포 활성화 조건을 조사하였다. 마우스 골수세포에 서 수지상세포로의 분화는 항원제시 기능을 위한 표면분자의 발현 측면에서 볼 때 배양 6일-7일 정도가 적합하였다. 수지상세포의 IL-12 생성능은 배양 6일 이상, OVA 항원 탑재 8시간 이상의 경우에 연이은 LPS 성숙자극으로 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 즉 배양 6일의 수지상세포에 OVA 항원 탑재를 8시간 수행한 경우(8-h DC)가 in vitro에서의 IL-12생성능, ex vivo에서의 세포내 $IFN-{\gamma}$를 발현하는 CD8+ T세포의 증가 및 OVA 특이적인 세포독성효과 등에서 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 또한 in vivo에서 종양 치료 및 예방효과에서도 8-h DC로 면역한 경우에 가장 우수한 종양형성 억제 효과와 생존기간 연장효과를 보였다. 현재 대부분의 수지상 세포를 이용한 항종양 백신에서 항원 탑재반응을 24시간 동안 수행하고 있으나, 본 실험의 결과로 볼 때, 8시간의 in vitro 항원 탑재가 보다 효과적인 종양특이적 CTL 반응과 항종양 면역반응을 유도함을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통하여 8시간 이상의 항원접촉은 수지상세포의 기능적 활성능력을 오히려 고갈시킬 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 1985

It was well known that B. pertussis cells possess protective antigen, histamine sensitizing factor, heatstable and labile toxin, hemagglutinin, agglutinogen and the others. Previous reports involving above antigenic properties of B. pertussis have been carried out for several years. However, leucocyte promoting property was not yet investigated. In this report, the results of studies on the leucocytosis, particulary the lymphocytosis, produced in mice by injecting pertussis vaccine were presented. Especially leucocyte promoting property and histamine sensitizing property of B. pertussis vaccine treated at various temperatures were compared. The relationship between the leucocyte promoting property and histamine sensitizing property was investigated. Results were as follows. 1. Although leucocytosis was significantly rised in both 0.5ml injection and 0.1ml injection of pertussis vaccine than in control, at the higher dose (0.5ml injection) an elevation in white cell count was more significant. The leucocyte responce to pertussis vaccine was greater following 0.5 ml injection than following 0.1ml injection. 2. Lymphocytosis was significantly rised in both 0.5ml injection and 0.1ml injection of pertussis vaccine than in control. At higher dose (0.5ml injection), an elevation in lymphocyte count was more significant. 3. Order of elevation in differential leucocyte counts was lymphocyte, polymorphonuclear leucocyte and monocyte. 4. The leucocyte response to pertussis vaccine was 2 fold greater following intravenous injection than following subcutaneous injection. 5. Decrease leucocyte promoting activity and histamine sensitizing activity resulted from exposure to temperature above $56^{\circ}C$. Histamine sensitizing activity of pertussis vaccine treated at various temperatures paralleled leucocyte promoting activity.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

The effects of various temperature shifts on the kinetics of the humoral antibody response in oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, immunised with formalin-killed Edwardsiella tarda, were determined by measuring the antibody production in vivo and in vitro. When fish acclimated to a high temperature and immunised at that temperature were transferred to a lower temperature (22℃ to 12℃) at a various times after immunisation, the fish showed a weaker immune response than that achieved when the fish were kept at a high environmental temperature. However, in the converse experiment (12℃ to 22℃), the magnitude of the humoral immune response was recovered independent of the time of the transfer after immunisation at low temperature, even though the peak levels of each transferred group did not reach the level found in the positive control group that was maintained and immunised at a high environmental temperature. Hence, these studies provide some evidence that the potential for antibody production in B cells of oliver flounder immunized at high temperature is not impaired by subsequent exposure to low temperature.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.316.3-317
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• 2002

In previous reports, we exhibited that acteoside showed significant cytotoxicity against various cancer cells. In this study we investigated that acteoside is capable of inducing differentiation in HL -60 human leukemia cell line. After being treated with acteoside, the growth curve was decreased remakably in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and cell doubling time was delayed. Exposure of cells to 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m$\ell$ acteoside induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocyte/macrophage-like cells by cell surface antigen expression. The percentage of NBT reducing activity was increased in a time-dependent manner. In addition. the protein lever of p21 and p16 increased and ppRb decreased in western biot analysis. Theas results suggest that acleoside possess the activity of inducing differentiation in HL-60 cells.