• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5909-5916
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• 2014

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and HPV related immune perturbation play important roles in the development of cervical cancer. Since mature dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), they could be primed by HPV antigens against cervical cancers. In this study we were able to generate, maintain and characterize, both phenotypically and functionally, patient specific dendritic cells in vitro. A randomized Phase I trial with three arms - saline control (arm I), unprimed mature DC (arm II) and autologous tumor lysate primed mature DC (arm III) and fourteen patients was conducted. According to WHO criteria, grade 0 or grade one toxicity was observed in three patients. One patient who received tumor lysate primed dendritic cells and later cis-platin chemotherapy showed a complete clinical response of her large metastatic disease and remained disease free for more than 72 months. Our findings indicate that DC vaccines hold promise as adjuvant sfor cervical cancer treatment and further studies to improve their efficacy need to be conducted.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.399-402
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• 2011

In recent years, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from various tissues have been widely tested for developing cell therapies, tissue repair and transplantation. Although there has been much interest in the immunomodulatory properties of MSC and their immunologic reactions following autologous, allogeneic and xenogenic transplantation of MSC in vivo, up to date, the expression of immunogenic markers, such as class I and II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), after differentiation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived MSC has been poorly investigated and require extensive in vitro and in vivo testing. In this experiment, the expression of the HLA-ABC and HLA-DR on hUCB-derived MSC have been tested by immunocytochemical staining. The undifferentiated MSC were moderately stained for HLA-ABC but very weakly for HLA-DR. In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of allogeneic lymphocytes on proliferation of MSC, the MSC were cultured in the presence or absence of peripheral allogeneic lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A. The allogeneic lymphocytes did not significantly inhibit MSC proliferation. We conclude that hUCB-MSC expressed moderately class I HLA antigen while almost negatively class II HLA antigen. The MSC have an immunomodulatory effect which can suppress the allogeneic response of lymphocytes. These in vitro data suggest that allogeneic MSC derived from cord blood can be useful candidate for allogeneic cell therapy and transplantation without a major risk of rejection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in suckling piglets by oral administration of IgY. Twenty piglets were divided into two groups with the same number: group I (treated with IgY) and group II (not treated). Group I was administerd orally with IgY for three days from one-day-old and experimentally challenged with PEDV and TGEV at four-day-old. The other was administered with saline solution and challenged with PEDV and TGEV at four-day-old. Serum antibody titers against PEDV and TGEV were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the detection of PEDV or TGEV antigen from feces and small intestines was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The antibody titers of the group I was higher than that of the other, and lasted at the end of experiment. In the detection tests of both virus from feces and small intestine, the rate of the group I was lower. Based on these results, oral administration of IgY may be effective to prevent the diarrhea caused by PEDV and TGEV.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6155-6158
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• 2015

Background: The human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene is highly expressed in cancer pathologies and is one strategy used by tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. A 14-bp insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism of the HLA-G gene has been suggested to be associated with HLA-G mRNA stability and the expression of HLA-G. The aim of present study was to assess any genetic association between this polymorphism and breast cancer among Iranian-Azeri women. Materials and Methods: In this study 227 women affected with breast cancer, in addition to 255 age-sex and ethnically matched healthy individuals as the control group, participated. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis assays. The data were compiled according to the genotype and allele frequencies, compared using the Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: In this case-control study, no significant difference was found between the case and control groups at allelic and genotype levels, although there is a slightly higher allele frequency of HLA-G 14bp deletion in breast cancer affected group. However,when the stage I subgroup was compared with stage II plus stage III subgroup of affected breast cancer, a significant difference was seen with the 14 bp deletion allele frequency. The stage II-III subgroup patients had higher frequency of deletion allele (57.4% vs 45.8%) than stage I cases (${\chi}^2=4.16$, p-value=0.041). Conclusions: Our data support a possible action of HLA-G 14bp InDel polymorphism as a potential genetic risk factor for progression of breast cancer. This finding highlights the necessity of future studies of this gene to establish the exact role of HLA-G in progression steps of breast cancer.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.559-574
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any correlation between temporomandibular joint dysfunction and structure of the mandibular condyle. Weanling rats had their masseter muscles resected and immunohistochemical findings were observed with a light microscope. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The condylar cartilage region was divided into articular, proliferating, cartilage cell and hypertrophic cell layers according to cell morphology. 2. In light microscopic views, the proliferating and cartilage cell layers of the experimental group decreased gradually and at the 8th week significantly. 3. In immunohistochemical staining for type I and II collagen, a reaction was detected in the lower part of proliferating cell and cartilage cell layers. In the cartilage cell layers, a stronger cellular reaction was present. Immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen reacted more strongly than that of type I collagen. 4. In immunohistochemical staining for proteoglycan, the staining of the experimental group resembled the control group and gradually showed a weak reaction. The proliferating and cartilage cell layers reacted more strongly than the hypertrophic cell layer. 5. In immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), the strong reaction was detected in the nucleus of the proliferating cell layer both in control and experimental groups. But the thickness of the proliferating layer decreased in experimental group, consequently the reaction of the experimental group was reduced more than that of the control group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the modified live vaccines against canine Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) in puppies by nasal administration. A total of 24 puppies were classified as 3 groups consisting of 8, and each one was divided into two subgroups; vaccinated (n=4) and unvaccinated (n=4). Group I, group II and group III were challenged with Bb, CPIV, and Bb+CPIV, respectively. In group I vaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb 2 weeks after vaccination and unvaccinated puppies (n=4) were experimentally challenged with Bb alone. The same methods of the above were applied for group II and group III. We carried out several studies including serum tests, isolation, and histopathological examination. The vaccinated puppies showed higher antibody titers than unvaccinated puppies and the titer sustained during the experimental period. In the isolation test, recovery period was shorter in the vaccinated subgroup than in the other. In clinical signs, the unvaccinated puppies showed the typical signs of tracheobronchitis (coughing, nasal and occular discharge), but another subgroup showed delayed incidence and mild clinical signs. The typical gross lesions and histopathological findings were observed in the unvaccinated puppies. In immunohistochemical findings, the vaccinated puppies showed little intensive in reaction for CPIV antigen than the other. It could be concluded that intranasal vaccination of modified live Bb and CPIV vaccine to puppies is effective to prevent canine infectious tracheobronchitis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 1986

This study was designed to evaluate the partially purified antigens which were fractionated from crude extract of Paragonimus westermani and to monitor the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in experimental cat paragonimiasis during the course of infection as well as before and after chemotherapy. Crude extract of 6-month-old adult P. westermani was fractionated to 5 antigens by successive applications of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. And the cats, 10 in each group, were infected with 60, 30, 15, and 5 metacercariae, then the half of each group was treated with praziquantel 2 times in one day of 100mg per kilogram of weight on 150 days after the infection. Sera were collected every 10 days. ELISA was performed with the concentration of $2{\mu}g/ml$ antigen, 100 times diluted sera and 1,000 times diluted alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-cat IgG. The results were as follows: 1. Absorbance by ELISA with proteins precipitated by differential concentration of ammonium sulfate was the highest at $51{\sim}65%$ precipitate (PA2), followed by $0{\sim}50%$ precipitate (PAl), $66{\sim}80%$ precipitate (PA3), and $81{\sim}90%$ precipitate (PA4). Unprecipitated protein over 90% ammonium sulfate (PA5) showed the lowest antigenicity. 2. Fractionation of PA1, PA2, and PA3 through the DEAE-cellulose column did not differentiate the antigenic proteins. 3. By passing through the Sephadex G-200 column, PA1 and PA2 were fractionated to high molecular weight proteins and those of low molecular weight which showed high absorbance by ELISA (PA1-I, II and PA2-I, II). But PA3 was shown to have a fraction of high molecular weight proteins (PA3-I) which showed high antigenicity. 4. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of PA1-I, P A1-II, PA2-I, PA2-II, PA3-I, and crude extract was performed. Fraction PA1-I was composed of proteins which had the molecular weight of 270 kilodaltons(KD) to 196 KD; of them 220KD protein was major band. Fraction PA2-I was composed of $255{\sim}225\;KD$, and PA3-I, $255{\sim}240\;KD$, respectively. Fraction PA1-II and fraction PA2-II consisted of 30 KD proteins. 5. Absorbance by ELISA began to increase within $10{\sim}20$ days after the infection and reached the highest on $140{\sim}180$ days, then made plateau thereafter. 6. Absorbance by ELISA decreased after praziquantel treatment. In 60 metacercariae infection group, the absorbance had been decreasing, but remained within the positive range during observation period, while those of 30, 15, and 5 metacercariae infection groups turned to negative range. 7. Fraction PA1-II showed the highest antigenicity in ELISA, then fraction PA2-I, fraction PA1-I, fraction PA2-II, fraction PA3-I and crude extract followed. In early phase of infection, the absorbance of fraction PA1-II showed more rapid increase than those of the other fractions and it came to positive range at $20{\sim}30$ days after infection.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Macrophages generated in vitro using macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 from bone marrow cells (BM-Mp) are defective in antigen presenting cell (APC) function as shown by their ability to induce the proliferation of anti-CD3 mAb-primed syngeneic T cells. However, they do express major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II molecules. accessory molecules and intracellular adhesion molecules. Here we demonstrate that the defective APC function of macrophages is mainly due to production of $TGF-{\beta}1$ by BM-Mp. Methods: Microarray analysis showed that $TGF-{\beta}1$ was highly expressed in BM-Mp, compared to a macrophage cell line, B6D. which exerted efficient APC function. Production of $TGF-{\beta}1$ by BM-Mp was confirmed by neutralization experiments of $TGF-{\beta}1$ as well as by real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Addition of $anti-TGF-{\beta}1$ monoclonal antibody to cultures of BM-Mp and anti-CD3 mAb-primed syngeneic T cells efficiently induced the proliferation of syngeneic T cells. Conversely, the APC function of B6D cells was almost completely suppressed by addition of $TGF-{\beta}1$. Quantitative real time-PCR analysis also confirmed the enhanced expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$ in BM-Mp. Conclusion: The defective APC function of macrophages generated in vitro with M-CSF and IL-6 was mainly due to the production of $TGF-{\beta}1$ by macrophages.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2006

Background: Tumor cell lysate has been considered as a preferential antigen source for the therapeutic dendritic cell pulsing. Our experiences with in vivo study with animal tumor model indicate the tumor cell lysate dependent differential effect of DC therapy. Our previous data show that MC38 lysate pulsed-DC induced stronger ag-specific immunity than CT26 lysate pulsed-DC in vitro. In this study we tried to reveal the mechanism for differential induction of ag-specific immunity of different colon cancer cell lysate pulsed-DCs. Methods: MC38 and CT26 cell lines were prepared as lysate by freezing-thawing procedure. Tumor cell antigenicity was confirmed by detecting the surface expression of MHC I/II & B7.1/2 molecules. IL-10, IL-12 and TGF-beta in the tumor cell lysate were detected by ELISA and the presence of heat shock proteins were analysed by western blotting. Results: The secretion of IL-10, a immune-inhibitory cytokine was about 470% higher in CT26 lysate than in MC38. Hsp 70 was detected only in the MC38 lysate but not in the CT26. On the other hand, Hsp 60 and 90 expression were not different in two colon cancer cell lysates. Conclusion: In two different colon cancer cell lysate, immune inhibitory IL-10 (higher in CT26) and Hsp70 (MC38 superiority) were differentially expressed. These data indicate that higher agspecific immunity induction by MC38 lysate pulsed-DC may due to the expression of hsp70 and lower secretion of IL-10, a immune-inhibitory cytokine than CT26 lysate. The significance of other cytokine and the surface marker expression will be discussed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 1986

The ovine squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-specific and immunosuppressive properties of OSCC extracts were investigated by using the techniques of lymphocyte blastogenicity, acid dissociation-ultrafiltration and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was found that OSCC extracts contained two major and one minor protein peaks by Sephadex gel fractionation. Two major peaks bear substantial amount of immunoglobulins, antigen-antibody complex and OSCC-specific fractions, and the minor peak includes immunosuppressive materials. OSCC-specific components were detected at the molecular weights of 10,000 to 100,000 daltons in the major peaks and immunosuppressive materials at the fractions with the molecular weight of 10,000 to 100,000 and < 10,000 daltons in the minor peak. When the fractions were further separated by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the OSCC-specific antigens were found in the slice number 4 to 6 in fraction III, and immunosuppressive materials, in the slice numbers 9 to II in fraction V. The present results were considered to provide a basis for preparation and purification of OSCC-specific and immunosuppressive materials from the crude OSCC extracts.