• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2018

표고버섯(Lentinus edodes)은 원목이나 톱밥배지를 사용하여 재배한다. 이 배지에 푸른곰팡이(Trichoderma)가 감염되면 표고버섯의 생장을 크게 억제한다. 버섯은 신선식품이기 때문에 푸른곰팡이를 방제하기 위한 항생제와 화학약품의 사용은 허용되지 않는다. Pseudomonas tolaasii에 의해 분비되는 펩티드 독소인 톨라신과 톨라신 유사체들은 항진균 활성을 가져 푸른곰팡이병 방제에 성공적이었다. 푸른곰팡이 Trichoderma harzianum H1에 톨라신 펩티드를 처리하였을 때 곰팡이의 성장은 효과적으로 억제되었고, 실제 톱밥배지에서 균주 배양액을 푸른곰팡이 균사에 분사하였을 때, 균사 성장은 완벽하게 억제되었다. 특히, P. tolaasii 6264와 HK11 균주의 배양 추출액을 혼합하여 처리하였을 때에 항진균 활성이 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 이러한 균주들과 펩티드 독소들은 푸른곰팡이의 성장을 억제할 수 있고, 표고버섯 재배에서 푸른곰팡이병을 방제하기 위한 좋은 후보가 될 수 있다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1982

벼 교엽병 방제를 위한 새로운 항진균성 항물질을 개발하기 위하여 우리나라 전국 각지역에서 임의로 채취한 1600여점의 토양시료에서 방선균 1300여주를 분리하고 액침배양법, Denroid test, green house test 등으로 벼에 대한 생리독성이 없으면서 벼 교엽병에 치료효과를 나타내는 방선균 1주를 소요산 부근의 토양시료에서 분리, 선정하였다. 분러선정균의 배양액에서 항진균성 항생물로서 연한 황색의 무정형 분말과 백색침상결정의 두가지를 분리, 정제하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2002

The effect of chitosan on the growth of plant pathogenic fungi was investigated. Chitosan solubilized in acetic acid showed much higher and more consistent antifungal activity than that solubilized in HCl. The antifungal activity was not significantly affected within a DA (degree of deacetylation) range of $57.3-99.2\%$ tested. Water-soluble and low molecular weight chitosan ($57.3\%$ DA) against 6 plant pathogens showed that Monosporascus canonballus and Pythium irregulare were the most susceptible to the chitosan, while Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum were the most resistant. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml, the growth of pathogens was completely inhibited except for F. oxysporum. The $MIC_50$ values varied depending on both the DA of the chitosan and the plant pathogens. A chitosan with $57.3\%$ DA exhibited the lowest $MIC_50$ (ranging <0.1-1.8 mg/ml) and that with $84.7\%$ DA the highest $MIC_50$ (ranging <0.4-4.0 mg/ml) depending on the pathogen.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1998

Aliphatic alkenals having 6 to 13 carbons were evaluated for antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The activity was gradually increased with chain length, e.g., (E)-2-decenal and (E)-2-undecenal exhibited maximum potency, while (E)-2-dodecenal and (E)-2-tridecenal were completely inactive. Alkenals showed increasing inhibitory activity with chain length, as in the case of antifungal activity, towards glucose-induced medium acidification by the plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase of S. cerevisiae. The group including (E)-2-nonenal, (E)-2-decenal, and (E)-2-undecenal exhibited maximum potency, but the potency of (E)-2-dodecenal and (E)-2-tridecenal demonstrated a sudden drop with respect to the former group. (E)-2-Nonenal revealed dose-responsive inhibition to the medium acidification and inhibited over 90% at a concentration of 1.25 mM ($175.3{\mu}g$/ml). In contrast to (E)-2-undecenal whose inhibitory efficiency increased with incubation time, inhibition by (E)-2-dodecenal was reversed with time. Of the tested alkenals, (E)-2-heptenal and (E)-2-octenal most highly inhibited ATP hydrolytic activity by the plasma membrane $H^+$ ATPase, while (E)-2-heptenal at 10 mM ($1121.8{\mu}g$/ml) showed an inhibitory efficacy of 93.2%.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1998

산초나무 각 부위별 알코올추출물의 피부사상균에 대한 항균활성은 근피 추출물에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 각 용매별 분획분의 항균활성은 근피부의 petroleum ether 분획에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 항균활성성분을 분리하기 위해 항균력이 가장 높게 나타난 근피알코올추출물의 petroleum ether 분획분을 silica gel column chromatography를 실시하였으며, 항균활성성분인 CI과 CII가 분리되었다. CI과 CII의 MIC을 측정한 결과 CI의 MIC은 $40{\mu}g/m\ell$였으며, $20{\mu}g/m\ell$의 농도에서도 균액의 접종흔적이 조금 남아있었을 뿐 균사의 생장은 관찰할 수 없었다. 또한 CII의 MIC은 $800{\mu}g/m\ell$였으며, $600{\mu}g/m\ell$의 농도에서도 균액의 접종흔적이 조금 있었을 뿐 다른 농도에서처럼 균사의 생장은 관찰할 수 없었다. 기기 분석 결과 CI과 CII는 기지(旣知)의 alkaloid 화합물들이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.650-656
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• 2011

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 isolated from pepper rhizosphere soil produced catechol type siderophore. Purified siderophore by Diaion HP-20 and silica gel column chromatography showed several hydroxyl functional groups adjacent to benzene rings by analysis of $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The strain HS124 showed different activities to suppress Phytophthora capsici with different concentrations of exogenous Fe (III) in minimal medium where antifungal activity with $100{\mu}M$ Fe (III) was approximately 1.5 times higher than in absence of Fe (III). Bacterial population in this Fe (III)-amended medium was also highest with $8.9{\times}10^8\;CFU\;ml^{-1}$ which also corresponded to the strongest siderophore activity. When grown in rich medium (minimal medium with N, $P_2O_5K_2O$ and glucose), HS124 exhibited approximately 2 times stronger antifungal activity compared to minimal medium. In pot trials, treatments of bacterial culture grown in rich medium with (C1) or without (C2) $100{\mu}M$ Fe (III) exhibited a high protection of pepper plants from disease, compared to medium only with (M1) or without (M2) $100{\mu}M$ Fe (III). Especially, treatment C1 showed the best disease control effect of about 70 %. Thus, the strain HS124 should be recommended as a potential biocontrol agent against P. capsici in pepper.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1987

A total of 42 strains of Candida albicans were examined for susceptibility to three antifungal agents, amphotericin B(AMB), 5-fluorocytosine(5-FC), and ketoconazole(KTZ), using defined medium, synthetic amino acid medium-fungal(SAAM-F), supplemented yeast nitrogen base(SYNB) and undefined medium Sabouraud's dextrose broth(SDB) and Kimmig broth media. A tube dilution method was used with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) determined after incubation for 24 hour and 48 hours. All testes were performed in duplicate. In general, MICs were more reproducible after 48 hour of incubation. Forthermore, MICs determined after incubation for 48 hours were significantly higher than those determined after 24 hours. The actural MICs obtained with the different antifungal agents were clearly influenced by the test medium used. The rank order of AMB MICs according to the test medium was as follows: SAAM-F>SYNB>SDB>Kimmig broth. With 5-FC, the following pattern was observed: SYNB>SAAM-F>SDB>Kimmig borth. For ketoconazole, the MICs according to the test medium was SAAM-F>SDB>SYNB> Kimmig broth. In amphotericin B, the MICs mean value with the test medium was as follows: SDB, 0.24 mcg/ml; Kimmig broth, 0.29 mcg/ml; SYNB, 0.21 mcg/ml and SAAM-F, 0.15mcg/ml. The actural value of 5-FC was; SDB, 37.20 mcg/ml; Kimmig broth, 67.41mcg/ml; SYNB, 21.29 mcg/ml and SAAM-F, 24.61 mcg/ml and in ketoconazole, the MICs value was; SDB, 1.83 mcg/ml; Kimmig broth, 4.08 mcg/ml; SYNB, 1.95 mcg/ml and SAAM-F, 1.41 mcg/ml. The results of this investigation suggested that broth dilution susceptibility testing of yeast and yeast-like fungi are best performed with an incubation period of 48 hours. Furthermore, medium composition can significantly influence the results of such testing.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.103-103
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• 2019

Glycyrrhizae radix, commonly known as licorice, is a perennial herb belonging to Leguminosae and also includes various components such as, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin etc. Licorice has been widely used in East Asia as a medicine having pharmacological effects like antioxidants, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immune modulatory activities. Among various licorice, Glycyrrhiza (G.) uralensis G. glabra and G. inflata are used for pharmaceutical purposes in Korea. However, cultivation of licorice has some problems such as low quality, low productivity, and early leaf drop. Korea Rural Development Administration developed new cultivars Wongam and Sinwongam, which are improved in cultivation and quality. To register the newly developed cultivar (s) on Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea as a medicine, it is necessary to prove the similarity and difference through the comparative studies between already-registered species and new cultivars. Some fungi and bacteria usually in the human oral cavity and intestines exist as harmless state in human body. Also, the skin and genital infections by fungi can lead to toxic systemic infections and are accompanied by flushing, rashes, burning or painful sensation. The influences of licorice varieties on fungi and bacteria might be an evidence to prove the outstanding effect of newly developed licorice variety. In this study, the antifungal and antibacterial activity was investigated using newly developed licorice varieties Wongam, and Sinwongam against various fungi and bacteria. These results means newly developed licorice could be used as a replacement of already-registered species in terms of antifungal and antibacterial application.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.1071-1081
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• 2020

Essential oils (EOs) have been shown to be plant-extracted antimicrobial agents. However, there are limited studies investigating the efficacy of EOs against pathogens. Among them, tea tree oil (TTO) is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia, which is also used as an antifungal agent. In this study, the effect of TTO was investigated on the suppression of melon powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii and tomato leaf mold disease caused by Passalora fulva. Both powdery mildew and leaf mold diseases were significantly suppressed by a spray of TTO. Eighty percent of powdery mildew and 81% of leaf mold disease of the control value were suppressed by 0.5% TTO liquid, when sprayed 3 times every 7 days on the melon and tomato leaves. Inhibition of mycelial growth was also greatly affected by different concentrations of TTO against four different fungal pathogens. Ninety-eight percent of Pseudocercospora fuligena, 97% of P. fulva, 95% of Botrytis cinerea, and 94% of Phytophthora infestans mycelial growth were inhibited by 0.2% to 1.0% of TTO contained in plate media, respectively. However, phytotoxicity in plants by the TTO treatments was revealed when melon and tomato leaves were sprayed with a 1% and 2% concentration of TTO, respectively. Therefore, our findings show that TTO has high antifungal effects against various plant pathogens that occur during crop cultivation. We also suggest that when applying TTO to plant leaves, it is necessary to establish an accurate treatment concentration for different crops.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2024

The nanoemulgel was prepared to induce a synergistic effect along with higher efficacy. Nine sets of macroemulsion were made in which liquid paraffin was stabilized by the two non-ionic surfactants, Tween® 80 and Span® 80. Comparative stability analysis of the macroemulsions was used to determine the effective surfactant concentrations that gave the most stable systems (NE 2, NE3, NE4, NE5). High-speed homogenization was then applied. The final formulation was evaluated for globule size and polydispersablity index, physical properties (color, homogeneity, consistency, syneresis), pH, viscosity, spreadability with 200 g and 500 g weight, conductivity, drug content, stability, skin irritation, antifungal efficacy. Zeta size analysis confirmed the nanosize of the droplets in NE2 (284.8 nm), NE3 (79.89 nm), NE4 (194 nm) but not NE5 (632.8 nm), which was outside the nanoemulsion range. The antifungal assay exhibited zone of inhibition for NE3 (43±1.0 mm) and NE4 (42±1.7 mm), a marketed cream (33±1 mm), fluconazole alone (35±1 mm) and terbinafine alone (35.0±1.7 mm). The zone of inhibition of nanoemulgels increased compared with the drugs when used individually and when compared a placebo.