• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-215
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• 1991

Using the calorimetric [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT)assay, we evaluated the chemosensitivity of 8 anticancer drugs{vincristine(VCR), vinblastine(VBL), adriamycin(ADR), cisplatin(CPDD), etoposide(VP-16), cytosine arabinoside(ara-C), bleomycin (Bleo) and cyclophosphamide(CYC)} and the cytotoxicity-enhancing effects of ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone and the extracts of the crude drugs {Lithospermum eythrorhizon(LE) and Scutellaria baicalensis (SB)} on the above mentioned anticancer drugs against HL-60 and KG-1 cells among 8 anticancer drugs, VCR, VBL, ADR, and CPDD inhibited the growth of both cell lines by more than 50%, while VP-16, ara-C, Bleo, and CYC were less effective. ($\pm$)-ar-Turmerone had significant inhibitory effects against both cell lines, showing the ID$_{50}$ values of 11.730 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.292 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for HL-60 and KG-1 cells. respectively. But the extracts of LE and SB roots showed no significant cytotoxic effects. According to ID$_{50}$ values, the cytotoxicities of VCR, VBL and ADR against HL-60 were enhanced two, eight and three times by mixing ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone, five, seven and three times by adding the extract of LE root, and twenty, six and three times by mixing the extract of SB root, respectively. The cytotoxicities of the above mentioned drugs against KG-1 cell were enhanced two, seven and three times by mixing ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone, two, three and three times by combining wilth the extract of LB root, and two, five and two times by adding the extract of SB root, respectively. The cytotoxicity-potentiating effects of ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone and the extracts of LE and SB roots against HL-60 cell were greater than KG-1 cell.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2023

Cancer is a global public health issue that becomes the second primary cause of death globally. Considering the side effects of radio- or chemo-therapy, natural phytochemicals are promising alternatives for therapeutic interventions to alleviate the side effects and complications. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is the main phytochemical extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer with anticancer activity. GRh2 could induce apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells and inhibit proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, GRh2 could be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics to enhance the anticancer effect and reverse the adverse effects. Here we summarized the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GRh2 and proposed future directions to promote the development and application of GRh2.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.169-182
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• 1995

The nutritional evaluation, and antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Kimchi were reviewed. Kimchi contains high levels of vitamins including vitamin C, $\beta$-carotene, vitamin B complex, niacin, and of minerals such as calcium, potassium, iron and phosphorous, etc. Kimchi is a low energy food, byt contains high quantities oforganic acids, dietary fiber and lactic acid bacteria in addition to the vitamins and minerals. Thus Kimchi could be developed as a protective food as it contains the various regulatory nutrients. The levels of NO3, NO2 and nitrosamines in Kimchi ingredients and Kimchi during theripening are not significant. However, high level of NaCl that could be used when prepared Kimchi in the warm region can be a problem, since high concentraitons of NaCl(>9.5%) in Kimchi could be comutagenic to themutagen of MNNG. The methanol extract of Kimchi, red pepper powder, garlic and lactic bacteria revealed antimutagenic or anticancer activities. The Kimchi extract also inhibited the growth of various human cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2001

Anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. on oral carcinoma (KB) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were investigated in this study. In order to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of Caesalpinia sappan L, we analyzed telomerase inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. In addition we prepared 5 fraction samples according to its polarity differences and analyzed anticancer effects on oral carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells. Following results are obtained in this study. 1. 50% cell proliferation inhibitory value ($IC_{50}$) of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were $9.0{\mu}g/ml$ and $10.9{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. 2. The methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. showed inhibitory effect of telomerase which is required for cancer cell immortality. Therefore, it seems that the anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan is at least partially due to telomerase inhibitory effect. 3. Five fraction samples were prepared according to its polarity and 88.7% of ingredient of total methanol extract was transferred to ethylacetate fraction. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that dichloromethane fraction contained ingredient with relatively high polarity and ethylacetate fraction contained similar ingredient found in total methanol extract. 4. Anticancer effect was observed in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethylacetate fractions. The highest anticancer effect was found in dichloromethane fraction which had $IC_{50}$ value of 4.4 and $>4.0{\mu}g/ml$ against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2006

The beneficial effects of digested onion extracts have been assessed by antimutagenic and anticancer activities by Ames test and SRB test. The total phenolic acids and flavonoids in onion extracts were determined. Red and yellow onions contain more phenolic acids and flavonoids than those in the white onion. Digested, extracts showed antimutagenic activity and anticancer activity, and it appears that the antimutagenic activity of digested extracts of onion against mutagens and anticancer activities were related to their phenols and flavonoids contents. Moreover, the extracts inhibited the proliferation of four human tumorigenic cell lines such as HT-29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), DU-145 (prostate) and HepG2 (liver), in a dose-dependent manner. Phenolic acids and flavonoids caused oxidative damage to the cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis. Generally, red onion extracts showed effective antimutagenic and anticancer activity, and the digested red onion extracts elicited stronger antimutagenic activity than those of the onion extracts without digestion.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.298.1-298.1
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of acanthoic acid on liver injury induced by either tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) or carbon tetrachloride in vitro and in vivo. Acanthoic acid, (-)-pimara-9(11),15-diene-19-oic acid, is a diterpene isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum. In in vitro study, the cellular leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with 1.5 mM tBH for 1 j, were significantly inhibited by treatment with acanthoic acid(25 and 5mg/mL). (omitted)

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.321-332
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• 2007

Objectives : Anticancer and immune-modulating effects of several Korean medical prescriptions including Yukgunja-tang, Bohwa-tang, Sogam-Won, and Kamiboa-tang were investigated. Methods : In vitro anti-cancer effects were measured by cytotoxicity MTT assay using SNU-1 gastric cancer cell lines, In vivo anti-cancer effects were measured by increased life span of S-180 sarcoma-injected ICR mouse. Immune-modulating effects were analyzed by measuring hemagglutinin titer, appearance of rosette forming cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and phagocytic index in methotrexate-pretreated mice. Results : In vitro assay showed that only Sogam-won showed cytotoxic effect with $IC_{50}$ of 87.9 ${\mu}g/ml$. All other prescriptions showed no cytotoxic effects against SNU-1 gastric cancer cell line. However, in vivo assay showed that Sogam-won showed lowest anti-cancer effects in contrast to its highest cytotoxic effects, Kamiboa-tang, which showed no cytotoxic effect, showed the highest in vivo anticancer effects, with increased life span of 140%. Kamiboa-tang showed significant immune-enhancing activities by significantly increasing rosette forming cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and phagocytic index in methotrexate-pretreated mice (P<0.05). Conclusion : The anticancer effect of Kamiboa-tang is not mediated by direct inhibition of cancer cells but is mediated by improving immune reactions against cancer cells.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 2013

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe anticancer and related immunomodulatory effects of Insamyangyoung-tang extracts (ISYYTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods : Three different dosages of ISYYTe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 42 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Six groups, which are intact control, tumor bearing control, 5-fluorouracil (FU) 30 mg/kg, ISYYTe 50 mg/kg, ISYYTe 100 mg/kg, ISYYTe 200 mg/kg, each of 8 mice per group were used in the present study. Changes on the body weight, tumor volume and weight, lymphatic organ (spleen and popliteal lymph node), serum interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels, splenocytes NK cell activity and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Results : As results of ISYYTe 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg treatment, decreases in the tumor volumes and weights were detected. At histopathological observations, decreases of tumor cell volumes in tumor masses were dose-dependently decreased mediated by increases of apoptosis among tumor cells by treatment of all three different dosages of ISYYTe. As results of tumor cell inoculation, marked decreases of spleen and popliteal lymph node weights, serum IFN-${\gamma}$, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents and splenocytes were observed with histopathological atrophic changes of spleen and popliteal lymph nodes. Conclusions : Over 50 mg/kg of ISYYTe showed favorable anticancer effects on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft with immunomodulatory effects. Although relatively lower anticancer effects were observed in ISYYTe 200 mg/kg treated mice as compared with 5-FU 30 mg/kg treated mice, there are no meaningful favorable immunomodulatory effects were observed after 5-FU treatment in the present study.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2019

Recent researches demonstrated well promising anticancer activities for antibiotics. Such effects would be significantly increased while nanoparticle based delivery systems were applied. In this study, the goal was aim to improve anticancer and antitoxic effects of Streptomycin by loading on special kind of dendrimer (anionic-linear-globular second generation). In the current study, Size and zeta potential as well as AFM techniques have been used to prove the fact that the loading was performed correctly. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the drug loaded on dendrimer nanoparticle were determined and compared with both of dendrimer alone and free drug with respect to staphylococcus aureus as the test microorganism. The anticancer activity among three groups including Streptomycin, Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer, and control was measured in vitro. In vitro studies showed that G2 anionic linear-globular polyethylene-glycol-based dendrimer, which loaded on Streptomycin was able to significantly improve the treatment efficacy over clinical Streptomycin alone with respect to proliferation assay. Maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated to be $257{\mu}g/mL$ for streptomycin alone and $55{\mu}g/mL$ for Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer. In addition, Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer conjugate prevented the growth of MCF-7 cancerous cells in addition to enhance the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells as demonstrated by an annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assay. Streptomycin -G2 dendrimer conjugate was able to increase Bcl-2/Bax ratio in a large scale compared with the control group and Streptomycin alone. Based on results a new drug formulation based nano-particulate was improved against S. aureus with sustained release and enhanced antibacterial activity as well as anticancer activity shown for functional cancer treatment with low side effects.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.342-347
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• 2019

Methylation is a primary epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine is an FDA-approved drug prescribed for treatment of cancer by inhibiting DNA-Methyl-Transferase 1 (DNMT1). Results of this study suggest that prolonged treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine could induce centrosome abnormalities in cancer cells and that CEP131, a centrosome protein, is regulated by DNMT1. Interestingly, cancer cell growth was attenuated in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the expression of Cep131. Finally, Cep131-deficient cells were more sensitive to treatment with DNMT1 inhibitors. These findings suggest that Cep131 is a potential novel anti-cancer target. Agents that can inhibit this protein may be useful alone or in combination with DNMT1 inhibitors to treat cancer.