• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

A bacterial strain inhibiting the growth of Vibrio anguillarum, the causative agent of vibriosis, was isolated from fish intestines. The isolated strain HS36 was identified as Aerococcus urinaeequi based on the characteristics of the genus according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and by 16S rRNA sequencing. The growth rate and antibacterial activity of strain HS36 in shaking culture were higher than those in static culture, while the optimal pH and temperature for antibacterial activity were 7.0 and 30℃, respectively. The active antibacterial substance was purified from a culture broth of A. urinaeequi HS36 by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Its molecular weight, as estimated by Tricine SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was approximately 1,000 Da. The antibacterial substance produced by strain HS36 was stable after incubation for 1 h at 100℃. Although its antibacterial activity was optimal at pH 6-8, activity was retained at a pH range from 2 to 11. The purified antibacterial substance was inactivated by proteinase K, papain, and β-amylase treatment. The newly purified antibacterial substance, classified as a class II bacteriocin, inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, and Vibrio alginolyticus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2009

Fifty-four Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains isolated in Korea were characterized by a spectrum of antibacterial activities against 7 indicator strains chosen to represent various regions and host plants. All P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolates tested could be grouped into 4 classes depending on the pattern of antibacterial substance production. All tested strains had DNA fragment(s) homologous to the genes encoding carotovoricin and 21 of them had genes homologous to DNA invertase. Sixteen strains had genes homologous to the genes encoding carocin S1. Several isolates produced antibacterial substances active against strains in Brenneria, Pantoea, and Pectobacterium genera that belonged formerly to the genus Erwinia. Strains in Pseudomonas or Xanthomonas sp. were not sensitive to the antibacterial substances produced by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, except for X. albilineans that was sensitive to antibacterial substances produced by most strains in P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and P. betavasculorum KACC10056. These results demonstrated the diverse patterns of antibacterial substance production and the possibility of the existence of new antibacterial substance(s) produced by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum isolated in Korea.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 1998

We had already reported that we purified N-${\beta}$-alanyl-5-S-glutathionyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (5-S-GAD), a novel antibacterial substance from the immunized adult Sarcoph aga peregrina (Flesh fly). We found that the antibacterial activity of synthetic 5-S-GAD is equal to that of authentic 5-S-GAD without a specificity of antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative. Significant synergism was detected between 5-S-GAD and streptomycin against streptomycin resistant strain E.coli K12 594. It has an antitumor activity against several tumor cell lines at a concentration of $100{\mu}M$. However, no cytotoxic activity against murine macrophage was detected at a concentration of $500{\mu}M$. Furthermore, haemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes was not detected at the same concentration. We suggest that the S-conjugation of glutathion with dihydroxyphenylalanine might be important to increase antibacterial activity of dihydroxyphenylalanme.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.553-560
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• 1995

A lactic aci bacteria producing antibacterial substance was isolated from pig feces. This strain was identified as a genus Lactobacillus, through its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. Lactobacillus sp. KJ-5 isolated showed the strong inhibitory effect on the growth of Salmonella paratyphi. The production of antibacterial substance was growth associated form during the batch culture of Lactobacillus sp. KJ-5 and the maximum production was obtained at the culture temperature of $37^{\circ}C$ as well as optimum temperature of cell growth. The antibacterial activity of the filtrate of culture broth was decreased by adjusting the pH 6.2 and was not affected by catalase treatment. The antibacterial substance was partially purified by methanol and acetone extraction, whtch exhibited three spots in the thin-layer chromatography and one of them showed an antibacterial activity, This substance also showed the maximum absorption of UV at 270nm and an antibacterial activity was completely inactivated by the treatment of proteolytic enzymes.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 1999

To develop a lactic starter to produce antimicrobial substance for inhibiting the growth of a variety of foodborne spoilage bacteria in fermented foods, we investigated the anti-bacterial effect of the antibacterial substance, produced by Lactobacillus amylovorus IMC-1, against foodborne spoilage strains, and its sensitivity on the treatment of proteolytic enzymes. L. amylovorus IMC-1, which was isolated from a traditional cheese in Inner Mongolia, produced a maximum amount of antibacterial substance in the skim milk medium after 72 h incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$, and further incubation resulted in the same activity. The substance obtained from gel filtration inhibited all strains used such as Bacillus subtilis IFO 3025, Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011, Listeria monocytogenes VTU 206, Escherichia coli RB, and Pseudomonas fragi IFO 3458 at the concentration of 20 units/ml. This substance was found to show bactericidal action against B. subtilis, E. coli, and Ps. fragi, and bacteriostatic activity against both Staph. aureus and L. monocytogenes. The bactericidal action was due to cellular Iysis. The substance is not organic acid, hydrogen peroxide and proteinaceous compound.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.300-305
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• 2008

We investigated an antibacterial substance produced by Bacillus subtilis HS 25. Antibacterial activity was relatively heat-stable, with no effect caused by heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, but a gradual decrease in activity after 15 min at $100^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial substance was more stable at pH 7.42-12 than at pH 4.5-5.0. There was strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. mirabilis at pH 12. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the substance was 5 mg/mL for E. coli 7.5 mg/mL for P. mirabilis and S. aureus and 15 mg/mL for S. enteritidis, K. pneunoniae, and V. parahaemolyticus. When the substance was added to cultures of E. coli, S. enteritidis, and P. mirabilis, the bacterial surfaces became irregular and deeply changed. The substance produced from B. subtilis HS 25 was not degraded by Papain but was degraded by a protease from Aspergillus orzae, pancreatin, and pepsin.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Rheum palmatum has traditionally been used as a preventive agent and medication against fever and infection. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize an antibacterial substance from R. palmatum that is effective against bacterial vaginosis. A methanol extract from R. palmatum showed antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus vaginalis KC TC 3515, Chryseobacterium gleum KCTC 2904, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis KCTC 2834, which cause bacterial vaginosis. After extraction and pH control of the methanol extract from R. palmatum, we found that acidic and alkaline extracts did not show antibacterial activity. A neutral extract (50 mg/mL) displayed an inhibitory zone of 18 mm on a nutrient agar plate with C. gleum KCTC 2904. Fractions No. 11 and 12 among 41 fractions obtained by silica gel column chromatography produced inhibitory zones of 10 mm on nutrient agar plates with C. gleum KCTC 2904. $R_f0.15$ and $R_f0.17$ spots produced by TLC of fraction No. 11 showed antibacterial activity against C. gleum KCTC 2904. Isolation and purification of the peak at a retention time (Rt) of 9.427 min was achieved by HPLC of $R_f0.29spots$. The peak at Rt 9.427 min showed antibacterial activity against C. gleum KCTC 2904.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

The culture broth of a ${\beta}$-glucan-producing bacterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa JB115, was confirmed to show the antibiosis against pathogenic bacteria of livestock disease. The antibacterial substance produced by P. polymyxa JB115 exhibited strong bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect on the growth of livestock pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This antibacterial substance also showed high stabilities in broad pH range (pH 3-11) and in broad temperature range $(40-121^{\circ}C)$, which is good enough to apply spray-dry method for the formulation of culture broth. It was also found that the antibacterial substance was very stable in artificial gastric fluid and bile acid, which implies the anticipated antibacterial activity against gastrointestinal bacteria harmful for livestocks. In conclusion, the culture broth of P. polymyxa JB115 can be developed as a multifuctional feed additive containing immune-enhancing ${\beta}$-glucan as well as antibacterial agent against livestock pathogenic bacteria.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

A bacterium which has high enzymatic activities such as amylase, cellulase and protease was isolated from Korean traditional soybean food, doenjang. The isolated bacterium was identified to Bacillus subtilis HS25 by the test of morphological and biochemical properties according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and API 50 CHL kit, and by the 16S rDNA sequence. The isolated B. subtilis HS25 had a potent antibacterial activity against food born causative or pathogenic bacteria. B. subtilis HS25 is endospore forming cell and contained flagella and abundant viscous material at the out layer of cell wall. It was rod type bacterium $(0.5{\sim}0.8{\times}3{\sim}5{\mu}m)$ having biochemical characteristics such as gram staining(+), catalase(+), oxidase(-) and hydrolysis of esculin(+). The optimal medium compositions for production of antibacterial substance in the B. subtilis HS25 were 1% of soluble starch, 0.5% of yeast extract, 0.5% of peptone and 0.05% of MgCl$_2{\cdot}6H_{2}O$. The optimum temperature and pH of the growth of the B. subtilis HS25 was 35$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, respectively. The antibacterial activity was more high in neutral to a little alkaline pH (6.5-10.5) than in acidic pH. The optimal shaking speed to grow and to produce antibacterial substance of the B. subtilis HS25 was 160${\sim}$200 rpm. The optimal culture time for antibacterial activities of the bacterium were shown to be in the range of 12-36 hr.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.975-987
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• 2016

Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is a representative probiotic. In particular, L. plantarum is the first commensal bacterium to colonize the intestine of infants. For this reason, the initial settlement of L. plantarum can play an important role in determining an infant's health as well as their eventual health status as an adult. In addition, L. plantarum combats pathogenic infections (such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), one of the early pathogenic colonizers in an unhealthy infant gut) by secreting antimicrobial substances. The aim of this research was to determine how L. plantarum combats E. coli infection and why it is a representative probiotic in the intestine. Consequently, this research observed that E. coli releases uracil. L. plantarum specifically recognizes E. coli-derived uracil, which increases the growth rate and production of antimicrobial substance of L. plantarum. In addition, through the inhibitory activity test, this study postulates that the antimicrobial substance is a protein and can be considered a bacteriocin-like substance. Therefore, this research assumes that L. plantarum exerts its antibacterial ability by recognizing E. coli and increasing its growth rate as a result, and this phenomenon could be one of the reasons for L. plantarum settling in the intestine of infants as a beneficial bacterium.