• 한국포장학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2024

The edible coating system, consisting of gelatin and bacteriophages, has been developed to enhance the microbial safety of wild vegetables. Newly isolated Escherichia coli phage EP and Staphylococcus aureus phage SP were loaded into the gelatin coating solutions. The phages remained significantly stable for up to 3 days, respectively, and exhibited rapid antibacterial capacity within 2 h of coating application (p < 0.05). The developed coating was applied to bracken and exhibited antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus within 6 h (1.9-log CFU/mL and 1.5-log CFU/mL). Furthermore, the coated bracken significantly prevented weight loss and maintained firmness for 10 days (p < 0.05). Consequently, gelatin-based edible coatings containing phages have the potential as an antibacterial packaging strategy.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2020

프로폴리스는 식물에서 채취한 수지에 꿀벌의 분비물이 합쳐져 만들어진 아교성 물질로 세균이나 바이러스로부터 자신을 보호하는 기능을 한다. 본 연구에서는 한국, 중국, 브라질 유래 프로폴리스 추출물의 항산화, 항균, 미백, 항염 활성을 비교하고, 이들 추출물의 화장품소재로서의 응용가능성을 살펴보았다. 플라보노이드, 폴리페놀함량분석과 자유라디칼 소거능 시험을 통해 항산화 활성을 확인한 결과 한국, 중국, 브라질 프로폴리스 추출물 모두 유의한 항산화 효능을 보였다. 피부에 상재하는 미생물에 대한 항균효능을 MIC 시험법을 통해 측정한 결과 C. acnes 균에서 한국 프로폴리스 추출물이 다른 추출물에 비해 우수한 항균력을 보였다(KPE: 62.5 ㎍/mL, CPE: 250 ㎍/mL, BPE: 500 ㎍/mL). 또한, 한국 프로폴리스 추출물은 멜라닌 세포의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하였고, 마우스대식세포에서 리포폴리사카라이드로 유도된 염증인자인 산화질소와 PGE₂ 생성을 나머지 두 추출물보다 우수하게 억제하였다. 이들 결과를 종합하면 프로폴리스 추출물은 항산화, 항균, 항염 효능소재로 응용될 수 있으며, 특히 항균, 항염, 미백에서 우수한 효능을 보인 한국프로폴리스추출물의 응용가능성이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1656-1666
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• 2021

Dental pathogens lead to chronic diseases like periodontitis, which causes loss of teeth. Here, we examined the plausible antibacterial efficacy of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesized using Cupressus macrocarpa extract (CME) against periodontitis-causing bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of CME-CuNPs were then assessed against oral microbes (M. luteus. B. subtilis, P. aerioginosa) that cause periodontal disease and were identified using morphological/ biochemical analysis, and 16S-rRNA techniques. The CME-CuNPs were characterized, and accordingly, the peak found at 577 nm using UV-Vis spectrometer showed the formation of stable CME-CuNPs. Also, the results revealed the formation of spherical and oblong monodispersed CME-CuNPs with sizes ranged from 11.3 to 22.4 nm. The FTIR analysis suggested that the CME contains reducing agents that consequently had a role in Cu reduction and CME-CuNP formation. Furthermore, the CME-CuNPs exhibited potent antimicrobial efficacy against different isolates which was superior to the reported values in literature. The antibacterial efficacy of CME-CuNPs on oral bacteria was compared to the synergistic solution of clindamycin with CME-CuNPs. The solution exhibited a superior capacity to prevent bacterial growth. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of CME-CuNPs with clindamycin recorded against the selected periodontal disease-causing microorganisms were observed between the range of 2.6-3.6 ㎍/ml, 4-5 ㎍/ml and 0.312-0.5, respectively. Finally, the synergistic antimicrobial efficacy exhibited by CME-CuNPs with clindamycin against the tested strains could be useful for the future development of more effective treatments to control dental diseases.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

New quinolones generally have a broad antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive, gram-negative, glucose-nonfermenting and anaerobic bacteria. Some of newly developed quinolones have potent activities against S. aureus including MRSA, S.pneumoniae including PRSP, B. fragilis, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas and mycobacteria as well, and show good activities against various strains resistant to antibacterial agents of other classes. Quinolones display postantibiotic effects in vitro and are bactericidal at concentrations similar to or twice that of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for susceptible pathogens. In experimental murine infection models including systemic infections with various pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, quinolones have shown good oral efficacy as well as parenteral efficacy. Good oral absorption and good tissue penetration of quinolones account for good therapeutic effects in clinical settings. The target of quinolones are two structurally related type II topoisomerases, DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV. Quinolones are shown to stabilize the ternary quinolone-gyrase-DNA complex and inhibit the religation of the cleaved double-stranded DNA. Bacteria can acquire resistance to quinolones by mutations of these target enzymes. Mutation sites and amino acid changes in DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV are similar in the organisms examined, suggesting that the mechanism of quinolone resistance in the target enzymes is essentially the same among various organisms. Quinolones act on both the target enzymes to different degrees depending on the organisms or agents tested, and bacteria become highly resistant to quinolones in a step-wise fashion. Incomplete cross-resistance among quinolones in some strains of E. coli and S. aureus suggests the possibility of finding quinolones active against quinolone-resistant strains which are prevailing now. To find such quinolones, the potency toward two target enzymes and the membrane permeability including influx and/or efflux systems should be taken into account.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.23.1-23.12
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to summarize the outcome of in vitro studies comparing the antibacterial effectiveness of QMix with other irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: The research question was developed by using population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design framework. The literature search was performed using 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost until October 2019. The additional hand search was performed from the reference list of the eligible studies. The risk of bias of the studies was independently appraised using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0). Results: Fourteen studies were included in this systematic review. The overall risk of bias for the selected studies was moderate. QMix was found to have a higher antimicrobial activity compared to 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), mixture of tetracycline isonomer, an acid and a detergent (MTAD), 0.2% Cetrimide, SilverSol/H2O2, HYBENX, and grape seed extract (GSE). QMix had higher antibacterial efficacy compared to NaOCl, only when used for a longer time (10 minutes) and with higher volume (above 3 mL). Conclusions: QMix has higher antibacterial activity than 17% EDTA, 2% CHX, MTAD, 0.2% Cetrimide, SilverSol/H2O2, HYBENX, GSE and NaOCl with lower concentration. To improve the effectiveness, QMix is to use for a longer time and at a higher volume.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2021

본 연구는 참당귀에서 유효 성분을 보다 효율적으로 추출하는 방법을 찾아 참당귀의 효능을 극대화하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 열수, 에탄올 및 초임계 이산화탄소 추출법으로 참당귀를 추출한 후, 데커신, 데커시놀 안젤레이트 함량 분석, 총 폴리페놀 함량 정량, 그리고 항산화, 미백, 항균에 대한 효능 평가를 진행하였다. 데커신, 데커시놀 안젤레이트의 함량은 초임계 이산화탄소 추출물에서 38.65%로 매우 높았고, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열수 추출물, 에탄올 추출물, 초임계 이산화탄소 추출물 순으로 높았지만, 그 차이가 비교적 적었다. 항산화 효능은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 경향이 일치하였고, 항균 효능은 데커신, 데커시놀 안젤레이트 함량과 경향이 일치하였다. 본 연구를 통해 참당귀에서 유효 성분을 추출하기 위한 최적의 방법은 초임계 이산화탄소 추출법임을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1999

According to the study of literature on RADIX STEMONAE about its efficacy, pharmacological action, and clinical adaptive disease, the results are as follows; 1. About the efficacy of RADIX STEMONAE, it is known as moistening the lungs to arrest cough, and intestinal parasites from ancient to now, and dispelling phlegm is also known. 2. The clinical adaptation of RADIX STEMONAE is chronic bronchitis, pertussis, pulmonary tuberculosis in respiratory disease, and ascaricide for Ascaris, Enterobius vermicularis or eczema, pruritus, destroy louse for endermic liniment. 3. The pharmacological action of RADIX STEMONAE are antitussive, tuberculostatic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal. 4. The antitussive mechanism of RADIX STEMONAE is central inhibitor for cough center of medulla oblongata, and the mechanisms of bronchial smooth muscle relax, and expectorant is also known.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

In an effort to discover alternative phytotherapeutic antimicrobial agents to combat Streptococcus parauberis, a fish pathogenic bacterium, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of seaweed extracts in vitro. A methanolic extract of Ecklonia cava exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. parauberis isolated from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Furthermore, the n-hexane soluble (Hexane) fraction of the E. cava methanolic extract exhibited the greatest antibacterial effect on S. parauberis strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 256 to $1,024{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the MIC values of oxytetracycline against antibiotic-resistant S. parauberis were markedly reduced up to 64-fold in combination with the Hexane fraction, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of the antibiotic was restored when combined with the Hexane fraction. The interaction between both antibiotics and the Hexane fraction was assessed by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. The Hexane fraction and oxytetracycline combination against antibiotic-resistant S. parauberis strains resulted in a median ${\sum}FIC$ range of 0.502 to 0.516. Thus, the synergistic ranges of median ${\sum}FIC$ < 1 were observed for all combinations of the Hexane fraction and oxytetracycline against S. parauberis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the efficacy of an E. cava extract against fish pathogenic bacterium S. parauberis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2017

The hydrolysis of proteins constitutes an invaluable tool, granting access to a variety of peptide fragments with potentially interesting biological properties. Therefore, a hemoglobin (Hb) hydrolysate of Crocodylus siamensis was generated by digestion under acidic conditions. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the Hb hydrolysate were assessed in comparison with intact Hb. A disc diffusion assay revealed that the Hb hydrolysate exhibited antibacterial activity against eight strains of gram-positive bacteria and showed a higher efficacy than intact Hb. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of intact Hb and its hydrolysate was evaluated using ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The Hb hydrolysate exhibited free radical scavenging rates of 6-32%, whereas intact Hb showed a slightly higher activity. In addition, non-toxicity to human erythrocytes was observed after treatment with quantities of Hb hydrolysate up to $10{\mu}g$. Moreover, active fragmented Hb (P3) was obtained after purifying the Hb hydrolysate by reversed-phase HPLC. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the induction of bacterial cell membrane abnormalities after exposure to P3. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities play crucial roles for supporting the wound healing activity. Consequently, an in vivo mice excisional skin wound healing assay was carried out to investigate the effects of intact Hb treatment on wound healing in more detail. The results clearly demonstrate that intact Hb is capable of promoting 75% wound closure within 6 days. These findings imply that intact Hb of C. siamensis and its acid hydrolysate may serve as valuable precursors for food supplementary products benefitting human health.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

The antibacterial activity of Korean honey bee venom (KBV) was examined against seven major bacterial mastitis pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus uberis isolated from infected mammary quarters of cows. Seven bacterial mastitis pathogens were studied for antibacterial activity of the KBV by disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial count in milk samples. The KBV showed activity against Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. The order of susceptibility of the bacteria against the KBV was Staph. aureus>MRSA>E. coli>Strep. intermedius>Ent. faecium>Strep. oralis>Strep. uberis. The MIC against Staph. aureus, MRSA and E. coli were stronger effect as compared with standard drug. The effect of the KBV ($100{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) on the viability of Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius, Strep. oralis and Strep. uberis in milk differed significantly with each other within 12 h incubation period. The results indicate that KBV has significant antibacterial effects against major bacterial mastitis bacteria, Ent. faecium, E.coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. Results of the study indicate the potential use of KBV as alternative to antibiotic therapy. Further investigations are needed though to confirm its efficacy and its effects on the animals.