• 생약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.271-274
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• 1997

Symplocarpus renifolius, a folk medicinal herb has been used for treatment of hypertension, rheumatis, tetanus, ringworm, cough and epilepsy in north and middle part of Korea. The extracts from the root of S. renifolius were evaluated for antibacterial, antihypertensive and analgesic activities. The crude extract of the root of S. renifolius showed antibacterial activity against Gram(+) bacteria and dose dependantly decrease the blood pressure of SHR. The chloroform extract of the roots of S. renifolius was also exibits analgesic action in mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2000

The root extract of pulsatilla koreana has been used as antibacterial, antiparasitic and anti-inflam-matory analgesic agents in Traditional Medicine in Korea. Thus anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of the methanol and water extracts of the root were investigated by administration in oral and intravenous route. From the results, it is concluded that the extracts exhibited the potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions in intravenous administration, but did not show the actions in oral administration in animals.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2022

Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a gram-positive bacterium, the most commonly isolated bacterial human pathogen. JiYu-san is one of the natural products used to treat diseases in the folk recipe. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of EtOH 70% extracts of JiYu-san (JYS) against MRSA. The antibacterial activity of JYS against MRSA strain was evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), checkerboard dilution test, and time-kill assay. The effect of JYS on the immune mechanism of MRSA was confirmed through cell membrane permeability tests and energy metabolism tests, and the antibacterial activity mechanism was performed using qRT-PCR and western blot. As a result, in the antibacterial test of JYS, the MIC was measured to be 1.9~1000 ㎍/mL, and synergistic or showed a partial synergistic effect. In addition, JYS showed antibacterial activity in a combination test with DCCD or TX-100. In a study on the mechanism of action of antibacterial activity, it was found that JYS suppressed MRSA resistance genes and proteins. These results suggest that JYS has antibacterial activity and provides great potential as a natural antibiotic by modulating the immune mechanism against MRSA.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.158-158
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• 1998

The non-mevalonate pathway is a newly discovered isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway in some bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae and plants. Because isoprenoid metabolites (ubiquinone, menaquinone, undecaprenol) are essential for bacterial growth, this pathway may represent a novel target for antibacterial agents. Antibiotics with a unique mechanism of action are needed to combat the risk of antibiotic resistance that is a current worldwide problem. In order to study this pathway as viable target, it was necessary to verify use of the pathway in our model system, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Incubation experiments with [6,6-$^2$H$_2$]-D-glucose and [l-$^2$H$_3$]-deoxy-D-xylulose were conducted to provide labeled menaquinone-7 (MK -7), the most abundant isoprenoid in B. subtilis. $^2$H-NMR analysis of the MK-7 revealed labeling patterns that strongly support utilization of the non-mevalonate pathway. Another approach to study the pathway is by structure activity relationships of proposed inhibitors of the pathway. Fosmidomycin is a phosphonic acid with antibacterial activity known to inhibit isoprenoid biosynthesis in susceptible bacteria and may act by inhibiting the non-mevalonate pathway. Fosmidomycin and an N-methyl analog were synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. Fosmidomycin was active against Escherichia coli and B. subtilis, while N-formyl-N-methyl-3-amino-propylphosphonic acid was inactive.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2006

The cardiovascular drug nifedipine exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against 331 strains of bacteria belonging to three Gram-positive and twelve Gram-negative genera. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug, as determined both by agar and broth dilution methods, was seen to range from $25\;-\;200\;{\mu}g/ml$ against most test bacteria, including several pathogenic ones, in the in vitro studies. Nifedipine was bacteriostatic in action. in vivo studies with this drug showed that it could offer statistically significant protection (P < 0.001) to mice challenged with a virulent bacterium. Therefore, nifedipine has the potential of an antibacterial agent, which may be developed after further pharmacological studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.990-996
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• 2008

In a previous study, we found an antifungal effect on human pathogenic fungi by the cell-penetrating peptide Tat (47-58) derived from HIV-1. Tat (47-58) immediately entered into the fungal nucleus and affected some physiological changes on the intracellular condition. In this study, Tat (47-58) showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria including bacterial clinical isolates. To improve resistance against proteases for use in vivo, we synthesized an analog of Tat (47-58) by substituting the L-amino acid for the D-amino acid. The D-enantiomer of Tat (47-58) also exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity at almost the same level of L-Tat (47-58) concentration. Unlike L-Tat (47-58), D-Tat (47-58) showed a significant proteolytic resistance against all proteases tested and antimicrobial activities in the presence of trypsin. Moreover, D-Tat (47-58) inhibited MRSA infection in human HeLa cells whereas L-Tat (47-58) partially allowed MRSA infection, and the results were due to the proteolytic resistance of D-Tat (47-58).

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1999

According to the study of literature on RADIX STEMONAE about its efficacy, pharmacological action, and clinical adaptive disease, the results are as follows; 1. About the efficacy of RADIX STEMONAE, it is known as moistening the lungs to arrest cough, and intestinal parasites from ancient to now, and dispelling phlegm is also known. 2. The clinical adaptation of RADIX STEMONAE is chronic bronchitis, pertussis, pulmonary tuberculosis in respiratory disease, and ascaricide for Ascaris, Enterobius vermicularis or eczema, pruritus, destroy louse for endermic liniment. 3. The pharmacological action of RADIX STEMONAE are antitussive, tuberculostatic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal. 4. The antitussive mechanism of RADIX STEMONAE is central inhibitor for cough center of medulla oblongata, and the mechanisms of bronchial smooth muscle relax, and expectorant is also known.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 발효 식품의 제조에 유용한 항균성 물질을 생산하는 유산균 starter의 개발의 일환으로 장내 상존균으로 알려진 Lactobacillus acidophilus group유산균인 Lactobacillus amylovorus IMC-1 균주가 생산한 항균성 물질의 식품오염세균에 대한 항균 활성을 검토하였다. 내몽골 원산 치즈에서 분리된 L. amylovorus IMC-1 균주는 탈지유배지에서 37$^{\circ}C$에서 72시간 배양하였을 때 최대로 항균성 물질을 생산하였으며, 더 이상의 배양은 항균성 물질의 생산에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 겔 여과후의 항균성 물질은 식품오염세균인 Bacillus subtilis IFO 3025, staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011, Listeria monocytogenes VTU 206, Escherichia coli RB. 및 Pseudomonas fragi IFO 3458등과 같은 모든 피검균에 대하여 20units/ml 첨가로 항균활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 이 물질은 B. subtilis, E. coli및 Ps. fragi에 대해서는 살균 작용을 나타내었으며, Staphy. aureus와 L. monocytogenes에 대해서는 정균 작용을 보였다. 그 살균 작용은 용균 작용에 기인한 것임이 밝혀졌다. 또한 이 물질은 유기산, 과산화수소 및 단백질성 물질이 아님이 밝혀졌다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Objectives Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a human pathogen and a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. New antibacterial agents that have not been compromised by bacterial resistance are needed to treat MRSA-related infections. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity ofethanol extract of Haedokgeumhwa-san (HGH) which prescription is composed of korean medicine against MRSA. Methods The antibacterial activity of HGH extract was evaluated against MRSA strains by using the Disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method (minimal inhibitory concentration; MIC), checkerboard dilution test, and time-kill test; its mechanism of action was investigated by bacteriolysis, detergent or ATPase inhibitors. The checkerboard dilution test was used to examined synergistic effect of ampicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, gentamicin and norfloxacin in combination with HGH ethanol extract. A time-kill assay was performed a survival curve which was obtained by plotting viable colony counts depending on time on bacterial growth. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract (HGH) ranged from 1,000 to $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ against all the tested bacterial strains, respectively. We are able to confirm that HGH extract has potentially strong antibacterial activity. In the checkerboard dilution test, fractional inhibitory concentration index of HGH in combination with antibiotics indicated synergy or partial synergism against S. aureus. A time-kill study showed that the growth of the tested bacteria was considerably inhibited after 8 hr of treatment with the combination of HGH with selected antibiotics. For measurement of cell membrane permeability, HGH $250{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$ along with concentration of Triton X-100 (TX) and Tris-(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) were used. In the other hand, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodimide (DCCD) and Sodium azide ($NaN_3$) was used as an inhibitor of ATPase. TX, Tris, DCCD and $NaN_3$ cooperation against S. aureus showed synergistic action. Accordingly, antimicrobial activity of HGH was affected by cell membrane and inhibitor of ATPase. Conclusions These results suggest that Haedokgeumhwa-san extract has antibacterial activity, and that HGH extract offers a potential as a natural antibiotic against MRSA.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 1997

In order to elucidate roles of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) for the antibiosis occurring in th fermenting environment of Kimchi, 2.052 strains of LAB were isolated from Kimchi. Fifty tow strains which showed antagonistic effect against 4 indicator strains were finally selected and investigated. Based upon responses to protease treatment, antibiosis of the 52 strains of LAB were classified into 3 types. Type A antibiosis resulted from action of antibiotic-like substances which were not affected by protease treatment and which had broad action spectra against even natural inhabitants of Kimchi. Type B antibiosis was due to bacteriocin-like substances which were very sensitive to treatment of protease and more effective against foreign bacteria than original inhabitant microflora. Type C antibiosis was owing to proteinaceous compounds which were activated or induced by the presence of protease and then exerted antibacterial activities. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria appeared to contribute to antibiosis of Kimchi by the concerted action of these three different types of antibacterial compounds. As one of model system for type B bacteriocin, the antagonistic compound produced by LAB31-9 as well as th producer strain itself was further charaacterized. Strain LAB31-9 was identified as L. casei. Bacteriocin produced by LAB31-9 was proteinaceous and stable over wide range of pH and to various solvents, but very labile to heat treatment. Its mode of action was bactericidal. Based upon these data, bacteriocin produced by LAB31-9 was named as 'caseicin K319'. Genetic determinant for the bacteriocin production of LAB31-9 was located in the chromosome.