• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.68-68
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• 2003

Herbchoke solution produced by Choa pharmaceutical company contained pyroligneous liquid and extracts from artichoke leaves. Pyroligneous liquid is produced by process carbonizing Oak in 350∼400$^{\circ}C$. It contain water 96%, acetic acid 3% and organic compound 1%. There are 200 kinds of constituents including minerals, vitamin B-complex and organic acids in it. The organic acids of them were presumed as active materials. It is traditionally used for treatment of stress related disorder, hepatic disease, immune disorder, G-I disorder and inflammatory disease. Extracts from artichoke leaves are traditionally used for treatment of stress related disorder, that is, hepatic disease, dyspeptic disorder, hyperlipidemic disorder and diuretic disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-stress effects of Hervchoke juice produced from Choa pharmaceutical company.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.329-340
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• 2018

Objectives : In Traditional Korean medicine, Daucus carota L. has been used for treating dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysentery and cough. Recent pharmacognosic evidence showed D. carota has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, and hypotensive effects. Present study investigated hepato-protective effect of D. carota ethanol extract (DCE) against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Methods : After HepG2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of DCE, the cells were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for inducing oxidative stress. Cell viability, hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione concentration, and mitochondrial membrane potentials were measured to explore hepato-protective effect of DCE. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and effect of compound C on cell viability were determined to investigate the role of AMPK on DCE-mediated cytoprotection. Results : DCE significantly decreased the tBHP-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner and reduced the changes on apoptosis-related proteins by tBHP in HepG2 cells. In addition, DCE significantly prevented hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione depletion, and mitochondrial membrane impairment induced by tBHP. Treatment with DCE increased phosphorylation of AMPK, and the DCE-mediated cytoprotection was abolished by pretreatment with compound C. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that DCE can protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress through activation of AMPK.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

Objectives : Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is a plant living at the areas of high-altitude mountain, and Rhodiolae Radix(the root of R. rosea) has been used as a traditional medicine to decrease the symptoms of mental- or physical-stress in Asia and Europe. To examine the efficacy of Rhodiolae Radix on the oxidative stress, the anti-oxidative effects of the radix were examined, Methods : The effects of Rhodiolae Radix on several oxidative factors were examined in vitro, and also the effects were tested in the liver of rats which were treated with a high dose of alcohol during 2 weeks. Results : The extract of Rhodiolae Radix in vitro scavenged some oxidants, such as DPPH, Superoxide anion radical and LDL, and the extract also inhibited the oxidative capacity of linoleic acid, significantly. Meanwhile, in the in vivo test, the methanol-extract decreased some oxidation parameters, such as relative liver weight, TBARS and SOD activities, and also increased catalase activity in the liver of alcohol-loaded rats, But, the extract had no effects on GSH content and GSH-px activiy in the rats. Conclusion : The root of Rhodiola rosea has a strong anti-oxidative capacity, and also has some preventive properties aginst the alcoholic stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.194-206
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• 2004

Objectives : JiaoTeng-Yuan(교등원) is said to be a prescription for preservation of health in $\ulcorner$HuaTuo.ZhongZangJing (화타.중장경)$\lrcorner$. It is known to have the effect of Bu-Shen (보신: strengthening kidney) and Yi-Shou (익수: prolonging the span of one's life). This study investigates whether JTY is effective on inhibition of oxidation stress. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats (12-week-old, weight $300{\pm}20g$) were divided into 3 groups. The normal group (n=8) was injected with PBS (1ml/body, s.c) subcutaneously behind the neck. The control group (n=8) was injected with D-galactose (50mg/kg, 1ml PBS/body, s.c) to induce pathological animals. The JTY group was injected with the same treatment as the control group, and fed containing JTY (10%). All groups were treated 1 time per day for 6 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed anti-oxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, G-px) activity, GSH quantity of RBC and tissue (heart, liver and kidney), and plasma Vit-C quantity were examined. Also, the MDA levels of liver and kidney, lipofuscin of heart and endurance of erythrocyte membrane were measured. Results : In the JTY group, RBC's SOD activity decline was halted by 21 % of the normal level, compared to the control group, G-px activity (unit/g of Hb) increased significantly, compared to the normal group, and the level of Vit-C in plasma increased by 16%. Heart's SOD activity was kept at the same level as that of the normal group; and CAT activity decline was halted by 26%. Kidney's CAT and G-px activities were kept at the same level as that shown in the normal group, implying the existence of a halting effect. Liver also showed a slight halting effect against the decline of anti-oxidant ability, but the effect was not significant (${\alpha}=0.05$). A comparison between the levels of peroxide in SD rats showed that the level of TBARS in plasma increased significantly in the control group and that it was normal in the JTY group. The livers in the JTY group, compared to those in the control group, showed 36% halting effect of the normal level while their kidney's indicated the level significantly lower than the normal level. Heart's lipofuscin increased significantly in the control group, but was alike in both the JTY and the normal groups. Endurance of erythrocyte membrane (%) decreased significantly in the control group while it was kept at the similar level in both the JTY and the normal groups, indicating the halting effect. Conclusions : This study suggests that JTY is effective to defend oxidation stress caused by D-galactose in the animals. It showed that the anti-oxidant ability was maintained and strengthened. On the other hand, it reduced the level of peroxide in animals. In sum, JTY appeared to have the equilibrium normal physiological function in SD rat.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.87-103
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• 2014

Objectives : Herbal formulas are complicated to analyze and difficult to compose because of its mixed, complex features. So we discussed about how to compose herbal formulas effective and efficient by analyzing various effectiveness of each herbal extracts. Methods : To evaluate the effectiveness of herbal formula, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effectiveness were mathematically analyzed. DPPH, superoxide anions, Nitric Oxide scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the effectiveness of 7 herbal extracts. And next, cytotoxic activity of extracts on RAW 264.7 cells were measured using MTS assay. To asses anti-inflammatory effect, nitric oxide and $PGE_2$ production were measured. Based on these anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory experiment result, mathematical analyzation were carried out with constOptm function, and determined efficacy-maximizing ratio. Results : This mathematical analysis based formula showed significantly outstanding effectiveness than other formulae. And estimated tendency of anti-inflammatory effectiveness was matched with real effectiveness. Conclusions : So, mathematical analysis can be available to evaluate and estimate the effectiveness of herbal formulae.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.290-294
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• 2008

The objective of this study is screening the anti-oxidative effects of several plant MeOH extracts against oxidative stress in Neuroblastoma cell. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative disorders and cell death. This oxidative stress is generated by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) such as nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, peroxyl, superoxide ($O_2^-$), hydroxyl, alkoxyl. So, in the present study, we induced oxidative stress by treatment of sodium nitroprusside (2.5 mM) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell which was treated samples before 24hr, and cell viability was measured by MTT reduction assay. Of those tested, the extracts of Paeonia japonica (roots), Eucommia ulmoides (炒)(barks), Paeonia japonica (曝乾)(roots), Phyllostachys bambusoides (stems), Polygala tenuifolia (去心, 炒)(roots), Paeonia japonica (roots), Polygala tenuifolia (roots), Machilus thunbergii (barks), Mallotus japonicus (leaves), Poria cocos (whole), Sophora flavescens (roots), Angelica tenuissima (roots), Angelica gigas (當歸尾)(roots) showed anti-oxidative effects[$EC_{50}$<15.20 ${\mu}g$/ml(Carnosine:Positive control)]in dose dependent manner.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

Objectives: We investigated the effect of Bojungikgitang on the change of the corticosterone and the rectal temperature of the mice induced by starvation stress. Methods: After administration of Bojungikgitang three times, mice were starved. The corticosterone and rectal temperature were measured after 36.5 hours starvation stress. Results : The plasma corticosterone level in Bojungikgitang(0.25g/Kg) was decreased comparing with the Control group and the rectal temperature in the Bojungikgitang(1.0g/Kg) was increased comparing with the Control group. Conclusion : it might be recognized that Bojungikgitang has anti starvation stress effect, and also it might be needed further study in various viewpoints.

• Composites Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2000

The general solution of the anti-plane shear problem for the curved interfacial crack between viscoelastic foam and composites was investigated with the complex variable displacement function. Kelvin-Maxwell three parameter model is used to present viscoelasticity and the Laplace transform was applied to treat the viscoelastic characteristics of foam in the analysis. The stress intensity factor near the interfacial crack tip was predicted by considering both anisotropic and viscoelastic properties of two different materials. The results showed that the stress intensity factor increased with increasing the curvature of the curved interfacial crack and it also increased and eventually converged to a specific value with increasing time. The stress intensity factor increased with increasing the ratio of stiffness coefficients between foam and composites and the effect of fiber orientation on the stress intensity factor decreased with increasing the ratio of stiffness coefficients between foam and composites.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

Traditionally, Asian ginseng or Korean ginseng, Panax ginseng has long been used in Korea and China to treat various diseases. The main active components of Panax ginseng is ginsenoside, which is known to have various pharmacological treatment effects such as antioxidant, vascular easing, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, and anticancer. Most reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause chronic diseases such as myocardial symptoms and cause fatal oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids and proteins. Therefore, many studies that inhibit the production of oxidative stress have been conducted in various fields of physiology, pathophysiology, medicine and health, and disease. Recently, ginseng or ginsenosides have been known to act as antioxidants in vitro and in vivo results, which have a beneficial effect on preventing cardiovascular disease. The current review aims to provide mechanisms and inform precious information on the effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on the prevention of oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in animals and clinical trials.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1604-1611
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• 2006

Ostreae concha is natural products of sea that haves good function for anti-stress. WE observed the effect of Otreae concha, Yukkwooltang and yukwool-tang add Ostreae concha for catecholamine, GOT, GPT, LDH and TG after immobilization stress, Ostreae concha depressed the stress response. In immunohistochemical analysis, The area of withe pulp of the spleen decreased in the control groups as compared with control ones. At same time, more severe histological changes of spleen such as the decreased diameter of periarterial lymphoid sheath and splenic node were demonstrated in the rats challenged with emotional stress. But these changes were slightly recovered in rats pretreated with Sample I, Sample II and Sample III. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of the inflammation-related protein tended to increase. But a decline of these expression, especially TNF-${\alpha}$ by pretreated with Sample I, were observed in the red pulp of spleen of the experimental rats. These results suggest that ostreae concha may act as a therapeutic agent for stress disease through a regulation of stress-related hormones.