• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.574-585
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• 2022

This study was conducted to quantify chlorogenic acid content and evaluate biological activity, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and digestive enzyme activity of Aralia elata ethanol extract (AEE). The SC₅₀ of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of AEE were 4.79±0.05 mg/mL, 5.79±0.05 mg/mL; total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were 170.0±1.8 mgGAE/g, 105.5±4.1 mgQE/g, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) was increased in RAW 264.7 cells and Caco-2 cells with treatment of LPS, and production of NO was inhibited by AEE in a concentration-dependent manner. Production of NO was reduced by 60.0±1.1% in RAW 264.7 cells and 50.7±2.8% in Caco-2 cells at of AEE. Similarly, the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner. Antibacterial activity increased as the dose concentration of AEE increased, and the MIC was 75 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, and 100 mg/mL for S. typhimurium and H. pylori. In addition, amylase and protease enzyme activity was observed in AEE and increased enzyme activity was observed according to the concentration of the extract. AEE contained 7.06±0.01 mg/g of chlorogenic acid. As a result of the experiment, it is judged that it can be used as basic data for the development of health food using Aralia elata.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.938-946
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• 2022

This study aims to evaluate the effects of antioxidant activities, protein and mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1 and procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP) in 70% ethanol extract from Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre (HE). DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals scavenging assays were measured for antioxidant activities and HE had 73.5% and 74.4% of scavenging activities at 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively. And we investigated the inhibition of collagenase by HE, and the result was a 78.8% inhibition effect on concentrations of 1,000 ㎍/ml. In addition, an MTT assay was performed to confirm the toxicity of the CCD-986sk fibroblasts to the HE, and as a result, the cell viability rate was about 91.7% at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml or less, and subsequent cell experiments were performed at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml or less. We treated the cells with UVB (20 mJ/cm²) for stimulation, treated HE at various concentrations, and performed ELISA tests and RT-PCR experiments. And HE increased the PIP and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner and showed an expression rate of about 64.2% and 83.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml compared with Cont (50.3% and 45.8%, respectively). And HE suppressed the MMP-1 protein and mRNA in a dose-dependent manner and showed a low expression rate of about 48.7% and 35.9%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 ㎍/ml. These results can be applied to developing anti-wrinkle materials for functional food and cosmetics with HE.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

This article examines how Brecht's Gestus is borrowed and transformed into the film. I examined the critical debates on the film's use of Brecht and the style of Brecht's acting adopted in radical experimental films and Hollywood films. In addition, through the case of Korean film actor/ress, I sought to apply the Brechtian theory. First, despite the criticism that the film's acceptance of Brecht is overly formal and mechanical, film theory and practice reflect Brecht's ideas. In particular, regardless of the socio-political situation of Brecht's day, his Gestus is suitable and useful for film acting. Brecht's thought was realized by technological innovations such as montage and computer special effects, and above all, the social attitude of the actor was popularized through the education of the audience. Second, his strategy on performance is no longer unfamiliar, and goes beyond the boundaries of contradictory daily life and art, and becomes the pleasure of popular film. Although the intentions of naturalism and anti-naturalism in acting arts are different, the process and effects look at the same point. Third, through the case of Korean film actor/ress as an attempt of popular understanding about Brecht strategy, I could confirm the possibility of searching identity of Korean film actor/ress.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.123-152
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• 2011

The long standing people's culture of Latin America based on social solidarity of the communities makes the political relations between the leader and the people very different from them of the european societies based on the representative democracy. At any rate, the main stream of the Populist Discourses sees the real populist political processes with the pejorative senses attributing the demagogue style of the leaders. In these sense, it is very important to re-consider the populism discourses of Ernesto Laclau who thinks that the populism is a way of interpreting the emergence of the people to establish the social demands in the context of populist real politics. According to Laclau, "the populism seeks for the radical reconfiguration of the revolt of the 'Status Quo' and new order". This work will confirm if this interpretation of Laclau can be applied to Peronist political regime. Meanwhile the first group of the orthodox line of the discourses on populism including Gino Germani shows that the populism is a political movement based on the manipulation and demagogue by the charismatic leader of the irrational mass during the period in transition after the crises of the traditional oligarchy in Latin America. And another line of the main stream of discourses on populism including Cardoso and O'Donnell says that the populism is a political phenomena in a period of transition towards the modernization and the national development by means of the industrialization through the substitution of the imports and the alliance between the classes after the 1930's. But these principal interpretations on populism disregards that in Argentina many urban poor working class people had lived under the racist, unequal painful social relations due to the underestimation and the discrimination by the upper and the middle class with many intellectuals. But Peronism had considered them as the new social subjects with human dignities. And so we have to rethink the clientelism also with another meanings. In this sense, the theories of Ernesto Laclau on populism is very helpful to illuminate the sensitive and ambiguous meanings of Peronism. Especially Peronism makes the urban working class maintain their life styles more tended to them of the traditional communities and go towards the anti-Status Quo. That is a key of success of Peronism not only that time but until these days. And so this study will show that it is the most important thing that Peronist regime had made the emergence of the 'people' in the meaning of advancing the democracy in Argentina.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2022

The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Coreopsis lanceolate extract against hydrogen-peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative damage and cell death in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbebzothiazoloine-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities, as well as the expression levels of proteins associated with oxidative damage and cell death were investigated. According to the results, C. lanceolate extract exhibited inhibitory activity against intracellular ROS generation and cell-damaging effects induced by hydroxyl radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 22.3 mg·g^-1 gallic acid equivalent and 16.2 mg·g^-1 catechin equivalent, respectively. Additionally, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay based on the internal standard method used to detect phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds identified in C. lanceolata extract contained (+)-catechin hydrate (5.0 ± 0.0 mg·g^-1), ferulic acid (1.6 ± 0.0 mg·g^-1), chlorogenic acid (1.5 ± 0.0 mg·g^-1), caffeic acid (1.2 ± 0.0 mg·g-1), naringin (0.9 ± 0.0 mg·g^-1), and p-coumaric acid (0.5 ± 0.0 mg·g^-1). C. lanceolata extract attenuated pro-apoptotic Bax expression levels and enhanced the expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins. Therefore, C. lanceolata is a potential source of materials with neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2020

염증 (Inflammation)은 물리적인 상처나 세균감염이 되었을 때 손상된 조직을 재생하고 신체를 방어하기 위해 일어나는 선천성 면역반응으로 알려져 있다. 주로 선천면역을 담당하는 대식세포는 lipopolysaccharide, reactive oxygen species와 cytokine 등에 의해 활성화되어 tumor necrosis factor-α. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 등 염증인자들의 생성에 관여한다. 특히, 산화질소는 superoxide 음이온과 쉽게 반응하고 peroxynitrite와 같은 독성이 강한 산화제를 생성하여 단백질 및 지질의 과산화를 유도하고 세포독성을 일으키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항산화 및 항염증 소재를 탐색하기 위해 오미자 (Schisandra chinensis), 꾸지뽕 (Cudrania tricuspidata)을 이용하여 항산화 활성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 세포주를 활용한 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 전북 순창군에서 재배된 오미자, 꾸지뽕을 열 건조(60℃) 통해 건조한 후 분말화하였다. 최적 추출 조건 선정을 위해 다양한 용매 (열수, 증류수, 주정 20, 40, 60%), 온도 (25, 40, 60, 80℃) 및 시간 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h) 조건에서 추출된 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량을 비교함으로써 최적 조건을 선정하였다. 오미자와 꾸지뽕의 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거 활성, 총 플라보노이드 함량을 확인하여 항산화능 및 기능성 성분 함량을 평가하였다. 또한 대식세포주인 Raw 264.7을 활용하여 MTT assay, 산화질소 생성 억제 활성을 확인하여 세포독성 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 오미자 및 꾸지뽕은 각각 주정 40%, 60℃ 그리고 증류수, 60℃에서 추출 시 가장 높은 총 폴리페놀 함량 (약 98.3 mg GAE/g 및 88.2 mg GAE/g)을 함유하며, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 44.6% 및 24.4%, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 약 30.3% 및 40.8%로 확인되었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 약 21.80 mg QE/g 및 35.68 mg QE/g으로 확인되었다. 또한 오미자 및 꾸지뽕 기능성 추출물을 100 ug/mL 처리 시 세포 독성이 나타나지 않는 것으로 확인되었으며, NO 생성량을 약 56.3% 및 21.7% 저감시켜 항염증 효능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

We investigated the functional properties and in vitro bioactivity of protein isolates (RPIs) recovered from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus roes by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation process, according to pH-shift treatments. The buffer capacity of RPIs was shown to be stronger in alkaline pH than in acidic pH. Water holding capacity of RPIs was in range of 4.5-5.2 g/g protein with no significant differences (P>0.05). The foaming capacity and emulsifying activity index of RPIs did not show any significant differences between RPI-1 (pH 11/4.5) and 3 (pH 12/4.5), however they were superior to RPI-2 (pH 11/5.5) and 4 (pH 12/5.5). The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity of RPI-3 (2.5 mg protein/mL) was 102.4 ㎍/mL, and the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was 30.8%. Among the RPIs, RPI-3 was relatively superior in protein functional properties such as buffer capacity, foaming capacity, emulsification, and anti-oxidative activity. Therefore, we suggest that RPI prepared from olive flounder roes could serve as a potential food resource.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

In this study, a quercetin benton gel (QUERPLEX) that stabilized quercetin was prepared using organo hectorite, and its efficacy was confirmed. In addition, a comparative study was conducted on the stability and effectiveness of applying this to sunscreen cosmetics. It was confirmed that QUERPLEX remained stable without showing crystal precipitation and growth for 4 weeks. As a result of measuring antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), it showed antioxidant activity depending on the concentration, and showed a radical elimination ability of 70% or more at a concentration of 2,500 ppm or more, confirming a significant effect. Anti-inflammatory activity experiments using RAW 264.7 cells confirmed that NO production decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by reducing NO production by 8% at 25 ㎍/mL, 23% at 50 ㎍/mL, and 84% at 100 ㎍/mL. As a result of confirming the stability of the formulation according to the method of quercetin in the sunscreen formulation, the stability of the formulation was improved when quercetin was added directly to the formulation. It also improved the UV protection index on in vitro and in vivo, which is expected to have the potential as a component that can have a new boosting effect on UV protection. These results suggest that organo hectorite is very effective as a quercetin carrier and that it can be applied in cosmetic formulations by not only expressing the efficacy of quercetin but also bringing about additional effects.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (Po) and Potentilla fragarioides var. major Maxim (Pf) extracts were analyzed to investigate anti-inflammation through their suppressing effects on free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, with regard to Po and Pf, an analysis was conducted of their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide, which is produced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and their inhibitory effect on the translocation of the nucleus of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$). The $IC_{50}$ value of ROS, which was induced by $50{\mu}M$ 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), was found to be $23.35{\pm}1.27{\mu}g/mL$ due to the effect of the Po extract, and $8.46{\pm}1.22{\mu}g/mL$ due to the effect of the Pf extract. In addition, the $IC_{50}$ value of peroxynitrite treated with the Po extract was $2.19{\pm}0.04{\mu}g/mL$, whereas that of peroxynitrite treated with the Pf extract was $0.80{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/mL$. ROS and peroxynitrite were induced by $50{\mu}M$ 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride. There was an increase in the amount of nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS ($1{\mu}g/mL$), whereas the level of NO was observed to significantly and dose-dependently decrease in the cells treated with Po and Pf. The amount of nitric oxide produced by the group treated with $10{\mu}g/mL$ of the Pf extract was $11.45{\pm}0.57{\mu}M$. Furthermore, the Po extracts inhibited the translocation of the nucleus of NF-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, it is highly possible that Po and Pf have anti-inflammatory properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.540-548
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• 2015

This study examined the cultural characteristics and biological activities of fermented rice and amaranth with Bacillus subtilis KMKW4. These samples were made with various amounts of rice and amaranth [100:0 (R100), 90:10 (R90), 80:20 (R80), and 70:30 (R70)]. B. subtilis KMKW4 was used as starter for the fermentation, and its cultures at the lated logarithmic growth were inoculated for final concentration of 2% (v/v). Number of viable cells of fermented R80 (7.67 log CFU/mL) was greater than those of R100, R90, and R70 (7.48 log CFU/mL, 7.38 log CFU/mL, and 7.09 CFU/mL, respectively) during the fermentation period (120 h). Amylase activities of fermented R80 and R100 were 57.77 U/mL and 19.91 U/mL, respectively. Furthermore, amylase activities of fermented freeze-dried powders of R100 and R80 were 24.31 U/g and 9.12 U/g, respectively. Free sugar contents of R100 and R80 increased after fermentation, and that of R80 (5,454.15 mg/100 g) significantly increased compared to that of R100 (4,274.85 mg/100 g). The free amino acid content of R80 was higher than that of R100. DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities of 5 mg/mL of fermented freeze-dried powder (R80) were 44.21% and 89.76%, respectively. ACE inhibition rates and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were significantly higher in R80 than R100. This study suggested that fermentation of R80 might be a new potential source of antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive agents applicable to grain enzyme-containing foods.