• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

We tested to determine if Mori Cortex Radicis extract has antioxidant activities and its potential mechanism of action was explored. Anti-oxidative effects were tested by measuring free radical and nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging activity, and reducing power. Since iNOS and COX-2 are important enzymes responsible for the production of free radicals in the cell, Mori Cortex Radicis extract was tested as to whether it could inhibit iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS stimulated Raw cells. 70% methanolic extract of Mori Cortex Radicis exerted significant DPPH free radical and NO scavenging activities. In addition, the Mori Cortex Radicis extract exerted dramatic reducing power with maximal activity observed at 1 mg/ml (11-fold over control). Production of iNOS induced by LPS was significantly inhibited by the Mori Cortex Radicis extract, suggesting it could inhibit NO production by suppressing iNOS expression. COX-2 induced by LPS was also significantly inhibited by the Mori Cortex Radicis extract. The extract contains well known antioxidant components including phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanin at the concentration of 0.23 mg/g, 42.97 mg/g and 12.08 mg/g, respectively. These results suggest that 70% methanolic extract of Mori Cortex Radicis exerts significant anti-oxidant activity via inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 induction.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2002

In the aged skin especially in the face and eyelid, deep and slight wrinkles are one of the remarkable phenomena of aging and the cause of wrinkle is various. Among the cause of wrinkles an oxidative stress plays an important roles in wrinkle formation process. It caused the lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, the increase of the MMPs(MatrixMetalloProteinase) gene expression and cellular DNA damage. These ROS induced materials may cause the degradation of collagen matrix system in the dermis and cause the formation of skin wrinkle. So, it is very important for protecting skin wrinkle formation to regulate ROS activity. In this study, we developed one active ingredient having multi functional activities such as activation of collagen synthesis, inhibition of MMPs activity, lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of free radical induced DNA damage in vitro. Pericarpium castaneae extracts showed collagen synthesis increase in Normal Human Fibroblast and the inhibition of elastase activity (IC$\_$50/ of Elastase: 43.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎖). It showed also anti-oxidative activity (IC$\_$50/ : 48$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎖) and free radical scavenging activity(IC$\_$50/: 7.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎖). Conclusively, Pericarpium castaneae extracts may be used as an ingredient for new anti-wrinkle cosmetics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2013

This study was conducted in order to compare the biological activities of leaf and root water extracts of Smilax china L. (SC) by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, anti-oxidant activity, inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of SC leaf (SCLE) and root (SCRE) water extracts were 127.93 mg GAE/g and 39.50 mg GAE/g and 41.99 mg QE/g and 1.25 mg QE/g, respectively. The anti-oxidative activities of SCLE and SCRE were measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assay and reducing power assay. Both SCLE and SCRE scavenged radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, and SCLE showed stronger radical scavenging activity and reducing power than SCRE; however, both SCLE and SCRE exhibited lower activities than ascorbic acid. Compared to the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, which was used as a positive control, SCLE and SCRE exhibited low ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activities; nevertheless, the activity of SCLE was 3.7 fold higher than that of SCRE. Finally, SCLE caused significantly decreased expression of the LPS-induced cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNA in RAW264.7 cells, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicate that SCLE might be a potential candidate as an anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.65-82
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was verification of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Odukhwan(ODH) and Sasinhwan(SSH) in mouse macrophage, RAW264.7 cells. Methods : To investigate the anti-oxidative effect and scavenging activities of DPPH radical, superoxide anions, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite were measured. Cytotoxic activity of extract of ODH and SSH on RAW264.7 cells was measured using MTS assay. To proof the reductive activity of intracellular oxidation, DCFH-DA assay was performed. The nitric oxide(NO) production was measured and pro-inflammatory cytokines and $PGE_2$ were measured by ELISA kit. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and nuclear NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 expression were detected by western blot. Results : After those analyses, we bring to a conclusion as follows. Both herbal formulations scavenged DPPH radical and nitric oxide. But ODH had no scavenging activity of superoxide anions and SSH had low scavenging activity in peroxynitrite. And the results indicated that ODH and SSH inhibited the LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$ production and iNOS, COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 cells. They also have suppression effects of LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Conclusions : ODH and SSH have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and they may be a part of database for development of new anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory drugs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.52-73
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• 2022

Objectives: The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of LCVC (Lonicerae Flos, Citri Pericarpium and Violae Herba Complex) have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: The evaluation of the anti-oxidative activity of LCVC was completed via DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity, FRAP assay, measurement of polyphenol and flavonoid, assessment of ROS and NO levels in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity was defined by measuring the production of biomarkers (PGE2, IL-1B, IL-6 and TNF-𝛼), proteins (ERK, JNK, P38, Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1 and NQO1) and expressions of genes (iNOS, COX-2, IL-1𝛽, IL-6, TNF-𝛼, Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1 and NQO1) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results: LCVC have polyphenol and flavonoid contents. The results of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and FRAP assay showed that the anti-oxidative activity was increased. Production of ROS, NO, IL-6, TNF-𝛼, mRNA expressions of IL-1𝛽, IL-6, TNF-𝛼, Keap1, iNOS and COX-2 were decreased, and NQO1, Nrf2, and HO-1 were increased. In protein expression, JNK and Keap1 were decreased, NQO1, Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased, and no relationships were observed with the ERK and P38 by LCVC. Conclusions: These results suggest that LCVC may offer protective effects against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses through attenuating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and MAPKs pathway. Therefore, we propose that LCVC has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities that have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders caused by the over-activation of macrophages.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.480-494
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• 2018

Objectives: To investigate the effect of fermented extract of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae Longae, Crataegi Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (FMH) on anti-inflammation associated with dyslipidemia and anti-oxidation in RAW264.7 and HUVEC cells. Methods: The total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity of FMH were measured. RAW264.7 cells treated with FMH were tested for production of NO, and for cytokine and LTB4 levels and HUVEC cells treated with FMH were examined for production of cDNA of genes related to inflammation. Results: 1. FMH contained polyphenols and flavonoids. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of FMH increased in a concentration-dependent manner. 2. FMH treatment inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and LTB4 in RAW264.7 cell when compared to the untreated control group. 3. FMH decreased the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, whereas it increased transcription of anti-inflammatory genes, in HUVEC cells. Conclusion: FMH is effective as an antioxidant and for treatment and prevention of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiocerebrovascular diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Objective : The object of this study was to assess the efficacy of hydrolysate from Phellinus igniarius(HPI) on anti-aging activities in vitro measurement and mini clinical study performed on 5 subjects. Methods : To evaluate skin anti-aging efficacy of HPI, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity, type I collagen synthesis, inhibition of nitric oxide(NO) production, inhibiton of tyrosinase, hyaluronan synthase(HAS)2, 3 mRNA expression were measured in vitro. Also, mini clinical study of skin hydration was performed on 5 subjects using HPI in distilled water(DW) and 1,3-butylene glycol diluted solution(30% in DW). Results : 1. DPPH radical scavenging activity of HPI was increased in a dose-dependant. 2. Type I collagen synthesis was increased in 50, 100 and 500㎍/㎖ of HPI. 3. NO production was not inhibited in all concentrations of HPI. 4. Tyrosinase was inhibited in 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000㎍/㎖ of HPI. 5. HAS2 mRNA expression was increased in 50, 100, 150 and 200㎍/㎖ of HPI, HAS3 mRNA expression was increased in 100, 150, and 200㎍/㎖ of HPI. 6. In the mini clinical study of 5 subjects, there was a difference in skin hydration over time for each solutions, but it was not statistically siginificant. Conclusions : HPI increased DPPH radical scavenging activity, type I collagen synthesis, and HAS2, HAS3 mRNA expression. HPI also suppressed tyrosinase. The findings of this study suggest that HPI can be used as an skin anti-aging material.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Objectives : Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with pathogenic processes including carcinogenesis through direct effect on DNA directly and by acting as a tumor promoter. Therefore, it has been regarded that ROS may be a major target for cancer prevention. The root of Paeonia lactiflora pall (PL), a traditional Chinese herb, has been a component of effective prescriptions for treatment of liver disease. Also, there are some reports about the antioxidant activities of the extracts from PL. However, little has been known about the effects of PL against oxidative damage. This work aimed to elucidate the anti-oxidant effects of Paeonia lactiflora pall (PL) in the non-cellular system and cellular system. Methods : Antioxidant activities of PL were evaluated by hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating assay. Anti-oxidative effect of PL was evaluated by ${\varphi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay in non-cellular system. In addition, DNA migration assay, expression level of phospho-H2AX, MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were performed for evaluate the anti-oxidative effect of PL in cellular system. Results : PL had a dose-dependent hydroxyl radical scavenging and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating capacity. In addition, PL inhibited oxidative DNA and cell damage induced by hydroxyl radical in non-cellular system and cellular system. Conclusion : Taken together, P. lactiflora pall may be possible for the application to a potential drug for treating the oxidative diseases such as cancer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.356-367
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• 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Dusokohwaeum (DOE). Methods: To measure the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE, the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents and radical scavenging activity were measured. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, and cytokine production were measured by treating lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells with DOE, and gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines were evaluated. Results: Radical scavenging experiments revealed a significant concentration-dependent increase in scavenging capacity. The production of ROS, nitric oxide, and cytokines in the cells showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. The gene expression levels of inducible cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and cytokines also showed a significant concentration-dependent decrease when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Interestingly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of DOE were 23.42 ± 0.64 mg GAE/g and 20.83 ± 0.98 mg QE/g, respectively. The administration of DOE resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in scavenging ability in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging ability experiments. The production of intracellular ROS and nitric oxide was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. The production of inflammatory cytokines (prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) was significantly reduced in the presence of DOE. Finally, the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the presence of DOE.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2007

Antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of acorn were evaluated by its potential for scavenging stable DPPH free radical, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and inhibiton of ${\alpha}-glucosidase\;and\;{\alpha}-amylase$. The water extract of acorn exhibited strong antioxidant and antidiabetic related activities in the tested model systems. Solvent fractionation of the water extract revealed that the water fraction and the EtOAc fraction had strong antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity on ${\alpha}-glucosidase\;and\;{\alpha}-amylase$. The water fraction exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=7.19{\mu}g/mL$) than that of ${\alpha}-tocopherol\;(EC_{50}=7.59{\mu}g/mL)$. It is considered that water extract of acorn has the potential for natural antioxidant and anti-diabetic products.