• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.129-153
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• 2001

Background: SMG (升麻葛根湯加味方) is an herbal medicine which has been used in oriental medicine as a traditional therapeutic agent of pruritus and skin disease. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of SMG on the anti-hypersensitivity and immune response in the murine of type I hypersensitivity induced by the experiment. Materials and Methods: Laboratory rats were primary sensitized with OA (ovalbumin); on day 1, rats of a Control group and Sample group (SMG group) were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of Al(OH)3 in a total volume of 2ml saline. The rats of the sample group were orally administered with an SMG water extract for 14 days after primary immunization. On day 14 after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling $0.9\%$ saline aerosol containing $2\%$(wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BAL fluid and peripheral blood were collected from the rats. Total cell, lymphocyte, $CD4^+\;T\;cell,\;CD8^+\;T\;cell,\;CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio in the BALF, and IgE, $CD4^+\;T\;cell,\;CD8^+$ T cell in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results: SMG showed a suppressive effect on the immune response in the rats. 1. Total Cells in the BALF decreased in the SMG treated group in comparison group, but statistic differences were not observed. 2. Total lymphocytes in the BALF were statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 3. CD4+ T cells in the BALF were statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 4. CD8+ T cells in the BALF were decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group, but statistic differences were not observed. 5. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the BALF was statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 6. The IgE level in serum was statistically decreased in SMG treated group in comparison to the control group. 7. The ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ in peripheral blood showed undetectable differences between each group of rats. From the experiment cited above, this study shows that SMG has both anti-hypersensitivity effects and immunoregulatory effects when administered to rats. Based on this experiment, it is suggested that SMG could be a useful immunomodulator and anti-allergy agent.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2020

항균, 항산화, 항염증 효능의 기능성 원료로써 효능이 확인된 느릅나무 추출물을 포함하는 화장품 개발을 위한 연구와 이 화장품의 아토피피부염과 같은 건조하고 민감한 피부 개선 효능에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 원료 물질인 느릅나무 초임계 추출박 60%주정 추출물(USCFR)과 초임계 추출물(USCF), 이를 포함하는 예비제형 DKBP-1903 (겔)에 대한 독성시험을 수행한 결과 '무독성'으로 판정되었다. 이를 토대로 조제한 각 제형별 화장품 로션, 크림, 겔에 대한 안정성 시험 결과, 크림과 겔이 더 우수한 안정성을 보였고 안정성이 확보된 두 가지 제형에 대해 아토피 피부염 개선 효능 입증을 위한 화장품 효능시험으로 48시간 보습지속력 시험과 건조함에 의한 소양감개선 시험을 진행한 결과, 크림과 겔 도포 24시간 후 82.9%, 92.32%의 피부각질층 수분함량 개선율을 보였고 2주 후부터 소양감 개선 효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 통해 크림과 겔 모두 비교적 안전한 보습제로써 건조하고 민감한 피부에 도움을 줄 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.60-85
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate acupoints for atopic dermatitis which have similar impact with frequent herbs. Methods : We collected research materials in "The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology" published from Feburary, 2000 to September, 2017. The search terms are 'atopic Dermatitis', 'antiallergic', 'anti-inflammatory', 'antianaphylaxis', 'dermatitis' and we elected experimental researches about herbal medicine. Among the herbal medicine, we extracted frequent herbs using more than 5 times, and categorized through "Herbal Medicine". By Consulting "Principles of Meridians & Acupoints; A Guidebook for College Students", we matched frequent herbs and acupoints. Results : 1. There are 38 frequent herbs for study except Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH. because it was used for balance in herbal medicine. Arrange meridians in order of frequency, the most is 'Lung meridian'. Among the organs, the most related one with skin is 'Lung' and 'Lung meridian' can treat skin diseases. 2. We researched acupoints called 'specific acupoints' under elbow, knee because of clinical usage. Exceptively, SP6 and GV20 are not included in 'specific acupoints' but they can be effective for atopic dermatitis treatment. 3. Researching on MEDLINE about frequent herbs and acupoints, there are many studies that acupuncture is effective for reducing pruritus. Therefore, the acupoints which were mentioned in this study can be choosed for atopic dermatitis. Conclusions : We found several applicable acupoints for Atopic Dermatitis. We hope it will be useful in experiment such as randomized controllized trial on Atopic Dermatitis and acupuncture and futhermore in clinic.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of AI on AD induced by DNCB in mice. AI has antiallergic property that is useful in treating allergy-related-diseases, such as asthma, anaphylactic shock, acute bronchitis and skin diseases, skin pruritus from gastrointestinal diseases. However, AI has not been studied intensively yet regarding anti-inflammatory effect on AD. Therefore, this study was conducted on 2,4-dinitrochlorobezene (DNCB)-induced mice to investigate effects of AI in AD. Methods In the experiment, we divided mice into four groups: a normal group (NOR), a control group (CON), an AI spread group (AI spread), and an AI spread and feeding group (AI spread & feeding). Then examined the changes in the body weight, weights of spleen and ear, thickness of dorsum skin and ear skin, clinical aspects on dorsum skin, historical assessments, proliferation of splenocytes in vitro and in vivo, and cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10). Results From the experiment, the ear weight of AI spread & feeding group was significantly dropped and the ear thickness of both AI spread and AI spread & feeding were decreased significantly. Dorsum skin thickness was also decreased significantly in both AI spread and AI spread & feeding group. Also, AI treatment improved the symptoms of AD, such as coloration, erythema and desquamation and had a better effect on AI spread & feeding group. In histopathological observation, thickened epidermis, hyperkeratosis, pigmentation, hypergranulosis, parakeratosis were diminished as well in both AI spread and AI spread & feeding group. In vitro, we could observe when AI was increased as proliferation rate of splenocytes were increased, too. Conclusions In conclusion, these data suggest that AI can decrease symptoms of AD and show AI can be useful herbal therapy for AD.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2020

We present an 8 years old girl who was diagnosed at 6 months of age of Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis type 2. Although liver transplantation (LT) was classically considered curative for these patients, cholestasis recurrence with normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), mediated by anti-bile salt export pump (BSEP) antibodies after LT (auto-antibody Induced BSEP Deficiency, AIBD) has been recently reported. Our patient underwent LT at 14 months. During her evolution, patient presented three episodes of acute rejection. Seven years after the LT, the patient presented pruritus with cholestasis and elevation of liver enzymes with persistent normal GGT. Liver biopsy showed intrahepatic cholestasis and giant-cell transformation with very low BSEP activity. Auto-antibodies against BSEP were detected therefore an AIBD was diagnosed. She was treated with Rituximab and immunoadsorption with resolution of the AIBD. As a complication of the treatment she developed a pneumocystis infection successfully treated with corticoids, cotrimoxazol and anidulafungin.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate anti-atopic dermatitis effect using ato-tang.Methods : Ato-tang was external treatment to NC/Nga mice for 4 weeks, where atopic dermatitis was induced by DNCB at 1% and 0.4% for 3 weeks. Atopic dermatitis index score was measured using eye observation and picture evaluation. The histopathological change of dorsal skin was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were measured by Luminex or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured by ELISA reader.Results : The dorsal skin of Ato-tang group showed decrease in erythema, pruritus, dry skin, edema, excoriation, erosion and lichenification level through naked eye observations. Immunoglobulin cell infiltration and the thickness of epidermis were significantly decreased in the dorsal skin compared to control. Production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and IgE level in serum were all significantly decreased, in comparison with control. In addition, mRNA expression level of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) in spleen was decreased, in comparison with control.Conclusion : The results indicated that external treatment of ato was improved skin barrier function in the symptoms of atopic dermatitis disease. Also, atopic dermatitis factors where cytokine as well as immunoglobulin E in serum and mRNA expression were decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. Therefore, we suggest that ato could be effectively used as a external therapeutic drug based on atopic dermatitis factors.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 1997

Background: Ketorolac($Tarasyn^{(R)}$) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) which has shown to be an effective postoperative analgesic available parenterally, and when combined with morphine can reduce its requirement. The analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of continuous infusion of ketorolac added to morphine IV PCA was evaluated in 60 women after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: Patients were assigned to receive either morphine intravenous(IV) bolus followed by morphine IV patient controlled analgesia(PCA), or ketorolac 30mg IV and continuous IV infusion at 4.0mg/hr in combination with the above regimen. The authors evaluated PCA morphine used, pain assessment(verbal pain intensity score and visual analogue scale) and side effects at 2, 4, 6 and 24hrs during pain control. Results: Continuous infusion of ketorolac decreased the PCA morphine usage significantly(30.4 ---> 19.6 mg : p=0.007) at 24hrs postoperatively. Significant differences were seen favoring ketorolac infusion in pain intensity and visual analogue scale both at rest and during movement. There were no differences in incidences of deep sedation, nausea & vomiting. But the ketorolac group they complained of dizziness more than morphine only group. Little pruritus was recorded in either groups. Conclusions: The authors conclude continuous IV infusion of ketorolac in conjunction with morphine PCA provide effective analgesia after low abdominal surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 1993

전북대학교 병원에 입원하여 하복부 수술을 받는 미국 마취과학회 전신상태 분류상 class I, II인 환자 40명을 대상으로 수술후 morphine(1군)과 ketorolac(2군)을 지속적으로 정주한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 1군과 2군 모두 수술후 통증에 의의 있는 감소를 보였으며 군 간의 차이는 없었다. 2) 1군에서 2군보다 부작용의 빈도가 많았다. 이상의 결과로 수술후 통증 관리에 있어서 morphine과 ketorolac의 지속적 정맥 주입 방법은 모두 효과적이었으며, ketorolac이 morphine보다 부작용의 발현 빈도가 더 적은것으로 보아 morphine을 대신할 수 있는 유용한 약물로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2019

This paper confirmed the effect of Baekho-tang(白虎湯) on psoriasis patient diagnosed with Yangmyung-Yeoljeung(陽明熱證). We treated patients with psoriasis classified as Yangmyung-Yeoljeung(陽明熱證) according to Shanghanlun(傷寒論) with Baekho-tang(白虎湯). Two patients was treated with Baekho-tang(白虎湯) for 18 days and 75 days, respectively. Baekho-tang(白虎湯) used in the treatment consisted of Gypsum Fibrosum 16g, Oryza semen 12.5g, Anemarrhena Rhizoma 6g and Glycyrrhizae Radix 2g. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated by PASI(psoriasis area severity index) and pictures. Also we checked the change in Pruritus by VAS(visual analogue scale). After the Baekho-tang(白虎湯) treatment, the PASI of 2 patients decreased from 13 to 2.8 and from 10.8 to 0.8 respectively. In addition, VAS of 2 patients diminished from 10 to 3 and from 8 to 1 respectively. Moreover, no side effects were observed. We received effective results by giving Baekho-tang to Psoriasis patients with sweaty, dry mouth, and heating sensation. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effects and immunomodulatory functions of Baekho-tang(白虎湯) could lead to improvement of psoriasis.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2023

Under constant environmental pollution, the incidence of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) caused by air pollutants and allergens has increased. AD is an allergy inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, eczema, and skin dryness. In herbal medicine, Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma; AR) has been utilized to treat Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, hypertension, and inflammation. The purpose of study evaluated the effect of AR in a mouse model of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions. After acclimatization for 5 days, the mice (6-week-old, male Balb/c) were divided into five groups (n=6/group): NC (normal control), DNCB (control), Dex (5 mg·kg-1, p.o.), AR100 (100 mg·kg-1, p.o.), and AR300 (300 mg·kg-1, p.o.). On days 1 and 3, 1% DNCB was applied to the skin and ears. After 4 days, 0.5% DNCB was applied once every 2 days for 2 weeks. Then, skin and ears eczema area and severity index (EASI); skin nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels; and plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were examined. The AR groups showed lower EASI, skin and ear thickness, mast cell count, and IgE levels than the control groups. Moreover, AR reduced iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2 levels. Therefore, AR possesses anti-inflammatory properties and can improve skin damage, indicating its therapeutic potential against AD.