• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2015

Objectives : Sparganii Rhizoma is frequently used in traditional herbal medicine for treatment of blood stasis, amenorrhea and functional dyspepsia and has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis peoperties. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect and underlying mechanism of Sparganii Rhizoma water extract (SRE) against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatocyte. Methods : To determine the effects of SRE on oxidative stress, we induced synergistic cytotoxicity by co-treatment of arachidonic acid (AA) and iron in the HepG2 cell, a human derived hepatocyte cell line. Results : Treatment of SRE increased relative cell viability and altered the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and procaspase-3. And SRE also inhibited the mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive reactive oxygen species production induced by AA+iron. In addition, SRE activated of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a potential target for cytoprotection, by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPKα at Thr-172. Morever, SRE increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a direct downstream target of AMPK. Conclusion : These results indicated that SRE has the ability to protect against oxidative stress-induced hepatocyte damage, which may be mediated with AMPK pathway.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2021

This study determined the effects of Centella asiatica leaf on H₂O₂ induced cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial activity, and proinflammatory cytokine production in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. We used an 80% methanol extract of C. asiatica, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside, the major constituent of C. asiatica. The C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside attenuated G1 cell cycle-arrest and the apoptotic effect caused by H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. The cells treated with C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside secreted lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6. The antioxidant effect of asiaticoside was higher than that of C. asiatica extract and its ethyl acetate fraction. Treatment with C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside also increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and restored normal mitochondrial morphology. Following H₂O₂ stress induction, cells treated with C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside showed increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates and decreases in the TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-p65 pathway activity. These findings suggest that C. asiatica extract, its ethyl acetate fraction, and asiaticoside have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the ability to control the mitochondrial activities of HDF cells.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the cosmeceutical activities of Persicae semen. Cosmeceutical activities include anti-oxidant, tyrosinase inhibition effects and nitrite scavenging ability. The Persicae semen was divided into three parts, Bean of Persicae semen (BPS), Shell of Persicae semen (SPS) and Nibs of Persicae semen (NPS). In the electron donating ability test, 1,000ppm of water extract from BPS showed an effect of 89%, while 1,000 ppm of ethanol extract from SPS showed an effect of 87%. These results are higher compared to those of BHA at the equal concentration. We were able to get an effect of 98% from all of Persicae semen ethanol extract of 10,000 ppm in the tyrosinase inhibition test. Nitrite scavenging ability test, ethanol extract from BPS was decreasing to 96% by addition of 1,000ppm. According to these results, we find that Persicae semen applicable to advanced material for cosmetics. From the above results, it was confirmed that Persicae semen could be used in functional cosmetics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.878-885
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Metaplexis japonica by using hot-water and ethanol extracts of its leaf and stem. Yields of hot-water and ethanol extracts of M. japonica leaf were high at 6.89 and 6.23%, respectively. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents in ethanol extracts of M. japonica leaf (ALEE) were high (86.96 and 60.73 mg/g, respectively). The electron-donating ability of all M. japonica extracts increased with an increase in extract concentration, with the highest electron-donating ability of 36.20~68.19% shown by hot-water extracts of M. japonica leaf (ALWE). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of ALWE and ALEE increased with an increase in extract concentration. The nitrite-scavenging ability of the extracts was the highest at pH 1.2 and that of ALWE was higher than that of ALEE. The reducing power of $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ ALEE was 0.09 and that of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ was 0.44. The inhibitory effect of an ethanol extract of M. japonica stem (ASEE) on tyrosinase was 13.81% at a concentration of $62.5{\mu}g/mL$ and that of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ ALEE was 57.04%.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.25.1-25.8
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• 2013

Homoeopathically prepared Condurango 30C is traditionally used in amelioration of certain types of cancer by homeopathic practitioners. In this study, ability of Condurango 30C in amelioration of the conventional benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced lung cancer in rat has been tested. After one month of scheduled oral feeding of BaP, lung cancer is routinely developed after four months in rats. Tumorbearing rats were then treated with Condurango 30C for the next one ($5^{th}$), two ($6^{th}$) and three ($7^{th}$) months, respectively, and sacrificed. Efficacy of post-cancer treatment by Condurango 30C was evaluated against controls (placebo) by different study parameters like: body and lung weights, number and diameter of lung tumour nodules, lung architecture, DNA damage, anti-oxidant activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Administration of this homeopathic remedy caused increase of body weight and decrease of lung weight, decrease in number and diameter of lung tumour nodules, particularly after one and two months of drug treatment. BaP intoxication significantly increased lipid peroxidase (LPO) with concomitant decrease in activities of different antioxidants, while Condurango 30C administration certainly reduce their levels than normal and cancerous groups, notably after one and two months' of drug treatment. Condurango 30C showed capability to induce ROS-mediated cell death evidenced from the study of ROS activities at different time-points. Further, the remedy possibly achieved its anticancer goal through mediation of DNA-nicks that possibly led cancer cells to the apoptotic pathway. Thus, Condurango 30C has anticancer potential in BaP-induced lung cancer of rats via tissue damage recovery and ROS-mediated programmed cell death.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 2017

Objectives : Polygoni Multiflori Ramulus has been widely used as a traditional medicinal herb for the treatment of insomnia, limb pain and itch. The extract of Polygoni Multiflori Ramulus (PMRE) is known to have a modulatory effect of many inflammatory responses. This study was performed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of PMRE against arachidonic acid (AA) + iron-induced oxidative stress on HepG2 cell and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury on mice. Methods : The effects of PMRE on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. And flow cytometric analysis was performed to estimate the effects on mitochondrial function. To investigate its underlying mechanism, apoptosis-related proteins were analysed by using immunoblot analysis. In addition, ICR mouse were administrated (po) with the PMRE (30, 100 mg/kg) for 3 days and then, injected (ip) with $CCl_4$ (0.5 ml/kg body weight) to induce acute liver damage. The level of pro-caspase-3 was measured. Results : Treatment of PMRE increased relative cell viability, prevented a cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase and pro-caspase-3, and also reduced mitochondrial membrane permeability against AA + iron-induced oxidative stress. In addition, PMRE treatment decreased liver injury induced by $CCl_4$, as evidenced by increases in pro-caspase-3 level. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that PMRE has an ability to anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effect against AA + iron-induced oxidative stress and $CCl_4$-induced liver injury.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.382-395
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• 2007

The herb, Cajanus indicus L, is well known for its hepatoprotective action. A 43 kD protein has been isolated, purified and partially sequenced from the leaves of this herb. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies carried out in our laboratory suggest that this protein might be a major component responsible for the hepatoprotective action of the herb. Our successive studies have been designed to evaluate the potential efficacy of this protein in protecting the hepatic as well as renal tissues from the sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress. The experimental groups of mice were exposed to NaF at a dose of 600 ppm through drinking water for one week. This exposure significantly altered the activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and the cellular metabolites such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total thiols, lipid peroxidation end products in liver and kidney compared to the normal mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the protein at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for seven days followed by NaF treatment (600 ppm for next seven days) normalized the activities of the hepato-renal antioxidant enzymes, the level of cellular metabolites and lipid peroxidation end products. Post treatment with the protein for four days showed that it could help recovering the damages after NaF administration. Time-course study suggests that the protein could stimulate the recovery of both the organs faster than natural process. Effects of a known antioxidant, vitamin E, and a non-relevant protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been included in the study to validate the experimental data. Combining all, result suggests that NaF could induce severe oxidative stress both in the liver and kidney tissues in mice and the protein possessed the ability to attenuate that hepato-renal toxic effect of NaF probably via its antioxidant activity.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.653-660
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• 2013

Acaiberry(Euterpe oleracea Mart.) was partially substituted from the formula for juak and the subsequent effects on the physiochemical and physical characteristics. And this study was carried out to standardize the recipe of acaiberry-juak. Acaiberry powder was added in 0(control), 1, 3 and 5% substitution ratios by weight per glutinous rice flour. Also, acaiberry puree was added in 3, 6 and 9% substitution ratios by weight water. The moisture contents showed juak with addition of acaiberry contents were lower then control. The diameter of the juak decreased with increasing levels of the added acaiberry powder and puree, whereas the height increased with increasing amount of the powder and puree. The Hunter colorimeteric L-values of the dough and acaiberry-juak decreased as the amount of acaiberry powder and puree increased. Hunter a and b-values both increased with increasing levels of the acaiberry powder and puree. Textural characteristics there were increase in hardness, springiness, chewiness as the amount of acaiberry powder and puree increased(p<.001). Cohesiveness were not significantly different as the level of acaiberry powder and puree increased(p<.001). The anti-oxidant capacity results, anthocyanin, DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, Nitrate-scavenging ability tended to increased by according to the addition acaiberry powder and puree(p<.001). As measured DSC, the onset temperature and enthalpy were accordingly increased during storage period as the acaiberry contents were higher then control. According to sensory evaluation results, the after swallowing, appearance, flavor, taste and texture of juak was acaiberry powder 1% and acaiberry puree 6% proper score is recorded. Overall acceptability of acaiberry juak powder 1%, puree 6% percent of the additives are also the highest mark in the sensory characteristics. Also aciberry powder addition of more than demonstrate a good reputation in the development juak will suggest more appropriate form of puree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1026-1032
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• 2001

Microwave treatment was studied to investigate the antioxidant ability of rice hull and rice bran. The color changes were related to the intensity of microwave and to the treated time on rice bran. However, the electron donating abilities of rice hull and rice bran extract were not much affected by microwave intensity. Rice hull extract treated with a 100 W microwave showed 80% inhibition of lipid peroxidation when fish oil was treated with $H_2O$$_2$. Also inhibition activity against lipid peroxidation in rice hull is more stable than that of rice bran when treated with microwave. Overall, rice hull extract showed better antioxidant activity than rice bran. It seems that rice hull contains higher antioxidant components as well as the browning reaction products having anti-oxidant activity during microwave treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

There was an increasing interest that herbal medicine and natural material extracts were proved processes of antioxidant, cosmeceutical activity and the other effects. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant of extraction of four kinds from Prunus armeniaca L., Reynoutria elliptica, Curcuma aromatica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon. RE (Reynoutria elliptica) and CA (Curcuma aromatica) have good electron donating ability. The water and ethanol extract of RE at a 100 ppm concentration showed over 70%, the water extract at 500 ppm concentration showed 83% and the ethanol extract at 100 ppm concentration showed 86% of CA. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of the water extract of LE (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) at a 1,000 ppm concentration showed over 44%, on the other hand, RE showed in all lowest effect and there was no inhibition activity of a couple more extracts. In the measurement of nitrite scavenging activity, all extracts showed highly scavenging activity. Especially the water and ethanol extract of RE showed over 99% at 500 ppm, also LE showed over 40% at 10 ppm concentration.