• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2018

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy. Numerous therapies have been proposed for its cure. Research is continually being conducted to develop new forms of treatment as current therapies are associated with numerous side-effects. Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been demonstrated to possess strong anti-cancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, research into luteolin-based anticancer activity against oral cancer remains scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of luteolin as an anti-cancer agent. After treatment with luteolin, Ca9-22 and CAL-27 oral cancer cells showed condensed nuclei and enhanced apoptotic rate with evidence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to tumor migration and invasion. Luteolin suppressed cancer cell invasion and migration in the current study. Elevated expression of E-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, was evident in both cell lines after luteolin treatment. Luteolin also significantly inhibited transcription factors (i.e., N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB-1) that regulated expression of tumor suppressors such as E-cadherin based on Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR. Thus, luteolin could induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing EMT-induced transcription factors.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.41-44
• /
• 2013

비록 천연유래물질 중의 하나인 통초가 항산화작용, 항염증작용 및 해열작용과 같은 효능이 있다고 알려져있지만, 종양에서의 암예방효능에 대한 연구는 보고된 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 사람 자궁경부암세포주인 HEP-2세포에서 통초메탄올추출물의 증식억제 효능 및 관련 분자표적을 확인하고자 하였다. 통초메탄올추출물은 세포증식을 유의성있게 억제하고, 세포사멸을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, Bid의 발현에 영향을 주어 truncation을 유도하고, 이로 인해 cytochrome c가 마이토콘드리아에서 세포질로 이동하도록 유도하였지만, Bid 이외의 다른 Bcl-2 family에는 영향을 주지 못했다. 따라서, 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 통초메탄올추출물은 자궁경부암에서 암예방효능을 가진 잠재성있는 천연추출물이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한구강악안면병리학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2017

Lycorine, a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plant family, was reported to various physiological and pharmacological effects including anti-cancer activity. Nevertheless, there is no report of the anticancer effect of lycorine in oral cancer cells. The effects of lycorine on cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined through trypan blue exclusion assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain, Live/Dead assay, Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Lycorine suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in MC3 and HSC-3 cell lines. Lycorine decreased survivin protein but did not affect its mRNA. It regulated survivin through accelerating protein degradation in a time-dependent manner although neither proteasome nor lysosome was not associated with lycorine-mediated protein degradation. Collectively, our results suggest that lycorine may be a potential therapeutic anti-cancer drug candidate for the treatment of human oral cancer.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2016

Anthricin (Deoxypodophyllotoxin), a naturally occurring flavolignan, has well known anti-cancer properties in several cancer cells, such as prostate cancer, cervical carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. However, the effects of Anthricin are currently unknown in oral cancer. We examined the anticancer effect and mechanism of action of Anthricin in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Our data showed that Anthricin inhibits cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner ($IC_{50}$ 50 nM) in the MTT assay and Live & Dead assay. In addition, Anthricin treated FaDu cells showed marked apoptosis by DAPI stain and FACS. Furthermore, Anthricin activates anti-apoptotic factors such as caspase-3, -9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), suggesting that caspase-mediated pathways are involved in Anthricin- induced apoptosis. Anthricin treatment also leads to accumulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, followed by inhibition of cell growth. Taken together, these results indicate that Anthricn-induced cell death of human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells is mediated by mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. In summary, our findings provide a framework for further exploration on Anthricin as a novel chemotherapeutic drug for human oral cancer.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 1999

To develop a chemopreventive strategy based on the different stages of premalignant lesions, we hypothesized that the inhibitory effect of chemopreventive agents is influenced by different promotion stages during carcinogenesis. DMBA-TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis was used with ICR mice and chlorophyllin (CHL) was applied as a chemopreventive agent. In vitro assay was performed with Salmonella typhi. TA100 to observe any anti-mutagenic activity of CHL against DMBA. Pre-initiation and pre-promotion effects of CHL were observed by CHL treatment before initiation and before promotion. To evaluate the inhibitory effect at different promotion stages, each group was divided into three subgroups after TPA promotion for 6, 18 and 24 weeks, respectively ; the first subgroup was immediately sacrificed after termination of TPA, the second subgroup was treated with CHL, and the third subgroup was sacrificed 8 weeks after termination of TPA without CHL treatment. The degrees of epithelial dysplasia, papilloma formation, and invasive carcinoma were observed histologically, and GST-Pi expression was observed immunohistochemically. ODC mRNA level was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed : CHL dose-dependently inhibited the mutation of Salmonella typhi. TA100; the incidence of epithelial dysplasia and papilloma formation was lower in pre-initiation and pre-promotion CHL-treated mice than DMBA-TPA-treated mice; no invasive carcinoma developed in pre-initiation CHL-treated groups, while 67% of DMBA-TPA treated mice had carcinomas; GST-Pi expression decreased when CHL was treated before initiation and before promotion; and when CHL was treated after termination of TPA application at 18 and 24- week-TPA promotion stages, respectively, the incidence of epithelial dysplasia and papilloma was markedly reduced compared to non-treated groups. When comparing the incidence of epithelial dysplasia and papilloma between the immediately-sacrificed subgroup and the non-treated group with a waiting period, we speculated that the 18-week-TPA promotion stage might belong to the promoter-independent progression stage. At the 18-week-TPA promotion stage, the level of ODC mRNA in the CHL-treated group was clearly reduced to the level of normal tissue. Taking these results together, CHL showed both anti-initiation and anti-promotion effects, while the inhibitory effect of CHL was prominent in the 18-week-TPA promotion stage. However, CHL seems to be incapable of completely blocking the progression in the 24-week-TPA promotion stage.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.209-213
• /
• 2001

Treatment of oral cancers with chemotherapeutic agents are evaluated as an effective method for remission to reduce cancer proliferation nowadays. But, minimization of side-effects such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal toxicity and renal damage is another problem to be solved. Thus, a possible approach to develop a clinically applicable chemotherapeutic agents is to screen anticancer activity among traditional medicinal plants which have been used for thousands of years with very low side-effects in orient. In this study we focused on anti-oral cancer activities of momordin, which was medicinal plant extracts that was revealed anticancer activities, on KB cell(oral cancer cell). The results were as follow : 1. Momordin showed the excellent anti-oral cancer activity against KB cells. Obtained IC50 value of Momordin was $10.4{\mu}g/ml$. 2. When KB cells were treated with Momordin, dose and time dependent DNA fragmentation of KB cells were observed. DNA fragmentation was initiated on three days at the concentration of $20{\mu}g/ml$ Momordin. 3. Flow cytometry showed dose-dependent apoptotic cell increase of KB cells on Momordin. 18.55% apoptotic cell were observed up to 72 hours at the concentration of $20{\mu}g/ml$ of Momordin. 4. Momordin induced nonspecific apoptosis without specific cell cycle arrest. 5. Through MTT assay, DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometric analysis. anticancer effect of Momordin against KB cell was induce of apoptotic cell death.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.679-685
• /
• 2017

Stachys affinis tubers are known for its high content of stachyose and eaten as an edible vegetable. In this work, we assessed on the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation activity of a various type of extracts derived from S. affinis tubers. The n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions were showed the high cytotoxicity on the cell lines including RAW264.7 macrophages, HEK293 human kidney cell, A549 human lung cancer cell, KB human oral cancer cell, and a PC-3 human prostate cancer cell. N-butanol and water fractions were not exhibited cytotoxicity on the tested cancer cells, limited in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Nevertheless, the ethyl acetate fraction showed little harm to RAW264.7 cells but inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) significantly. In addition, it arrests the cell growth in A549, KB, and PC-3 cell while little cytotoxicity on HEK293 cells. Consequently, these results supported that the ethyl acetate fraction of S. affinis tubers could be a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer ingredient.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2017

Ficus carica L. (common fig), one of the first plants cultivated by humans, originated in the Mediterranean basin and currently grows worldwide, including southwest Asia and South Korea. It has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases as well as hemorrhoids and skin infections. Its pharmacological properties have recently been studied in detail, but research on the anti-cancer effect of its latex has been only been studied on a limited basis on several cell lines, such prostate cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of the latex of Ficus carica L.and its underlying mechanism in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. (See Ed. note above) We confirmed through SDS-PAGE analysis and gelatinolytic activity analysis that the latex of Ficus carica contains cysteine protease ficin. Our data showed that the latex inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the latex treatment markedly induced apoptosis in FaDu cells as determined by FACS analysis, elevated expression level of cleaved caspase-9, -3 and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), and. increased the expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic factor) while decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic factor). Taken together, these results suggested that latex containing the ficin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis by caspase and the Bcl-2 family signaling pathway in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells. These findings point to the potential of latex of Ficus carica to provide a novel chemotherapeutic drug due to its growth inhibition effects and induction of apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

• 대한구강악안면병리학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2018

Natural products are vastly utilized as a source of chemotherapeutic agents for human cancers. Kochia scopraia is traditionally used for the cure of urological and dermatological diseases. Recently, methanol extract of Kochia scoparia (MEKS) has been shown to have anti-cancer activity to various human cancers. However, there is no report demonstrating the anti-cancer activity of MEKS in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cells. In this study, the authors studied the effects of MEKS on the cell proliferation and underlying mechanism in YD15 human MEC cells. MEKS decreased YD15 cell proliferation proven by trypan blue exclusion assay and induced apoptosis, evidenced by cell cycle analysis and western blotting. Autophagy induction by MEKS was verified by western blotting. In addition, MEKS regulated the expression of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated p38 and Nrf2 protein. This results can imply that MEKS might be a potential candidate for the treatment of human MEC cells.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.175-187
• /
• 2017

Laetiporus sulphrueus var. miniatus is widely distributed worldwide, and has commonly been used as a medicinal mushroom. In the present study, we investigated the effects of water extract and solvent fractions from the Laetiporus miniatus as possible antioxidant, anti-thrombin and anti-invasive agents against phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or thrombin-induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities. Samples were fractionated into n-hexane, $CHCl_3$, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions, and individually analysed. The water fraction had the highest extraction yield at 34.90% (w/w), while the n-butanol fraction demonstrated the highest anti-oxidative activity at 81.44%. In the thrombin inhibitory activity test, the water fraction exhibited the highest activity at 94.64%. Even at the concentration of $40{\mu}g/mL$, evaluation of anti-proliferating activity in YD-10B cells did not reveal any cytotoxic effects. Although MMP-9 expression in YD-10B cells increased after the addition of PMA and thrombin, MMP-2 did not. Additionally, MMP-2/-9 levels in PMA-treated YD-10B cells (i.e., both mRNA expression and protein activation) were highly inhibited in the hexane and chloroform fractions. Compared with MMP-2 levels, MMP-9 mRNA expression and proteolytic activity were inhibited to a greater extent by the hexane and chloroform fractions in thrombin-treated YD-10B cells. Taken together, these results support that thrombin induces tumor invasion through MMP-2/9 and suggest that the L. miniatus may act as an effective functional food, conferring anti-oxidative, anti-thrombotic and anti-cancer activities.