• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.181-185
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• 2011

Objectives : The Zanthoxylum pericarpium has been used as oriental spicy seasoning and a medicinal plant from old times. This study was performed to determine the anti-oxidant efficacy of Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract and the anti-microbial effects. Methods : We got Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract using PSE (pressurized solvent extraction) method. The anti-microbial effect of Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract was assessed on Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) and anti-oxidant effect of the extract was assessed by measuring DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. Results : 1. Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract had high anti-microbial activity on S. mutans. 2. DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased in the Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract. 3. SOD like activity also significantly increased in the Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract. Conclusions : The PSE extract from Zanthoxylum pericarpium has good anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effects in a concentration-dependent manner.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.2 s.89
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• pp.192-197
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate anti-microbial activity of soybean extract against oral microbes, and to determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for microbes causing oral diseases. The soybean extract was prepared using ethyl acetate and it was treated with 16 types of oral microbes at a concentration of 5.00 mg/ml (0.5%). The MIC of soybean extract for three major microbes causing oral diseases was determined. The anti-microbial activity and MIC were measured using broth dilution method. Significant reduction of microbial activities of 9 types oral microbes when the soybean extract was added to the broth compared to the control (p<0.01). The extract showed higher anti-microbial activity against some anaerobic strains (P. gingivalis and P. intermieia). S. mutans, which causes dental caries, showed MIC at a concentration of 40 mg/ml for the soybean extract. P. gingivalis, which causes adult periodontal disease, showed MIC at a concentration of 20 mg/ml for the extract. C. albicans, which causes denture stomatitis and angular stomatitis, showed MIC at a concentration of 20 mg/ml for the extract. These results indicate that soybean extract showed anti-microbial effort against 9 types of oral microbes, and the anti-microbial effect of the extract against oral microbes was stronger against fungi than against bacteria. The anti-microbial mechanism of soybean extract against oral microbes should be investigated, and more research for clinical application is required at a level of actual intake.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2003

Three different types of chitosan were prepared from red crab shells to study anti-microbial activity of chitosan on pathogenic bacteria, MRSA(Methicillin-resistant. Staphylococcus aureus), Water-insoluble chitosan, whose degree of deacetylation is kept over 90% and molecular weights are 20,000, 500,000, 150,000, 80,000, and 40,000, respectively. Water-soluble chitosan, whose degree of deacetylation is about 48% and molecular weights are 200,000 and 80,000. Water-soluble chitosan, whose degree of deacetylation is 82% and molecular weight is 3,900. The anti-microbial activities of three types of chitosan were investigated by Tube Dilution Technique(TDT) and Agar Plate Smear Method(APSM). And the following conclusions are made ; Chitosan having 5 different types of M.W chitosan (over 90% deacetylation) showed similar anti-microbial activities at over 0.05% concentration. Especially, chitosan having M.W 40,000 150,000 showed the excellent anti-microbial activity. The anti-microbial activity of chitosan was enhanced when the chitosan/acetic add solution was aged for 7days. The anti-microbial activity of chitosan was only shown at chitosan/acetic acid solution. The anti-microbial activity was not detected in chitosan solution dissolved in neutral pH water. Therefore, it can be concluded that the anti-microbial activity was due to NH3+ cationic ion of chitosan in acidic aqueous solution.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.236-238
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• 1989

The anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities of the constituents from Atractylodes rhizomes were evaluated. Atracylone showed anti-microbial activity. Atractylone and attractylenolide I possessed considerable anti-inflammatory activity utilizing rat cotton pellet granuloma bioassay.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.2 s.95
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Yam, Prunella was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Hexane extract was tested for anti-microbial effect on Streptocaccus mutans, one of causative factor of dental caries. Methanol extracts of 7 plants were investigated to anti-microbial effects on S. mutans KCTC 5316, P. gingivalis KCTC 5352, S. aureus KCTC 1927 by means of agar diffusion method. Methanol extract of Yam and Prunella revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction of Yam revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans. In sequence of hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol fraction by Prunelia acted as potent anti-microbial agent on P. gingivalis. The measured MIC of hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.25 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml and the MIC of hexane fraction of Prunella on S. aureus was 0.5 mg/ml. The hexane fraction of Yam and Prunella suppressed viable ceil counts(VCC) of S. mutans, especially after 24 hrs. The Prunella hexane fraction suppressed VCC of S. aureus, after 12 and 24 hrs. Tested concentrations were 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml. the results were compared with control (0 mg/ml). The pH of S. mutans media and GTase activity were determined to evaluate the anticariogenic activity of Yam, Prunella hexane fraction. The pH were increased from 5.6 to 7.0-7.2 in concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Yam hexane extraction revealed 35% inhibition to GTase activity and Punella inhibited 25% of GTase. These results suggest that the hexane extracts of Yam and prunella have Antibacterial activities against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, S. aureus and have preventive effect on dental caries.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.827-832
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to scientifically proof possibility of development of natural dye which has antimicrobial activity with Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum. For that silk fabrics dyed with Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extracts were tested for anti-microbial activity. Bacterials used for test of anti-microbial activity were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFO 5466. The results of experiment were as follows ; 1. The more the number of times of dyeing increase the more value of K/S increased. 2. Reduction of bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 of silk fabrics dyed with Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extracts was 99.9% without reference to the number of times of dyeing. 3. Reduction of bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 of silk fabrics dyed with Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extracts was 99.9% after irradiation of 20 hour without reference to the number of times of dyeing. 4. Reduction of bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 of silk fabrics dyed with Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extracts was over 94.8% after dry cleaning. As above silk fabrics dyed with Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum extracts were acquired a high anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

A new phenol and hydrazide derivatives were obtained for the first time from the C. giganteawhite by silica gel column chromatography. The structure of the isolated compounds was identified by UV, IR NMR and MS. C. gigantea was scientifically reported for several medicinal properties viz. analgesic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic. In this screening work, anti-microbial activity of test compounds was found to be active against all organisms. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of the test groups has reduced the thickness of edema of the hind paw compared to the control group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the anti-microbial activity of extract from Korean fermented soybean paste (doen-jang) against 16 types of oral microbes, and to determine the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the extract for three major microbes causing human oral diseases (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans). The extract was prepared using ethyl acetate and it was treated with the oral microbes at a concentration of 5.00 mg/ml (0.5%). The anti-microbial activity and MIC were measured using broth dilution method. Significant reduction of microbial activities of 16 types of oral microbes occurred when the soybean paste extract was added to the broth compared to the control (p<0.01), and striking inhibition (more than 99%) was observed in ten types. S. mutans, which causes dental caries, showed MIC at a concentration of 1.25 mg/ml for the extract. P. gingivalis, which causes adult periodontal disease, showed MIC at a concentration of 2.50 mg/ml for the extract. C. albicans, which causes denture stomatitis and angular stomatitis, showed MIC at a concentration of 20 mg/ml for the extract. These results indicate that ethyl acetate extract of doen-jang showed strong anti-microbial effect against 16 types of oral microbes, and the anti-microbial effect of the extract against oral microbes was stronger against bacteria than against fungi. The anti-microbial effect might be possibly enhanced by the fermentation of soybeans.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 2015

Application of herbal medicines as natural preservatives has been increased because of its low toxicity or side effect, compared to artificial preservatives. In this study, papers and patents researching anti-microbial activity of herbal medicine were collected and analyzed by the year of publishment, species of bacteria, fungi, or yeasts, and herbal medicines used. After early 2000's, the number of paper publishment has been decreased, while that of patent registration has been increased up to early 2010's. Most studied species were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger as fungi. The bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl was most frequently studies herbal medicine, followed by the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Sophora flavescens Ait. This study demonstrates that herbal medicines can be used as natural preservatives against diverse species of bacteria, fungi, or yeasts with their wide-ranged anti-microbial activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2003

This studies were performed to develop a Korean traditional folk liquor namely Gangha-ju has been prepared at Bosung district in Korea, and manufacturing conditions and anti-oxidation activity and anti-microbial activity of Gangha-ju were investigated. Ethyl-alcohol 20% and 30% Gangha-ju were brewed with glutinous rice wine, distilled liquor and 6 herbs of ginger, cinnamon, etc. Chemical and physical properties of 30% Gangha-ju were acidity 0.22, pH 4.31, amino acidity 3.26, transmittance 59 and conductivity $911\;{\mu}s/m$, and 20% Gangha-ju were 0.43, 4.20, 6.26, 62 and $924\;{\mu}s/m$. Volatile flavor compounds of ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, butanol, n-amyl alcohol, iso-pentyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetaldehyde and furfural were detected, and main aroma compounds of Gangha-ju were isopentyl alcohol and ethyl acetate. Anti-oxidation activity by DPPH method was evaluated 31.32%, and nitrite scavenging effect was 31.79%. Anti-microbial activity against several microorganisms was pronounced strong activity over a wide range of test organisms, and Leuconostoc mesenteroids and Salmonella Ttyphimurium, Staphylococcus epidermidis were found to be more sensitive to Gangha-ju than Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus.