• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2016

We investigated the application of functional materials by examining a variety of physiological activities of Geranium krameri extract obtained from the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. Geranium krameri extract had a low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. At concentrations with little or no cytotoxicity, Geranium krameri extract showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$, $8.72{\mu}g/mL$) and anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Additionally, Geranium krameri extract inhibited tyrosinase activity ($IC_{50}$, $456.86{\mu}g/mL$) and decreased melanin content ($IC_{50}$, $50.35{\mu}g/mL$). The treatment of B16F10 cells with Geranium krameri extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Geranium krameri extract inhibits melanin synthesis in murine melanoma B16F10 cells by suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression, as well as directly inhibits tyrosinase activity simultaneously.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2016

In this study, our investigated the antioxidant activities and compared other bioassay including anti-microbial, antifungal activities and total polyphenol contents of functional healthy drinks from some medicinal herbs and coffee mixture. The kind of medicinal herbs, chaga mushroom (Inonatus obliqurs), moringa (Moringa Oleifera), gravila (Anona muricata), mulberry (Morus alba), Dioscoreaceae (Dioscorea quinquelaba), Berberidaceae (Epimedii Herba), Asteraceae (Artemisia capillaries) and siberian ginseng (Acanthopanax senticous,). The functional healthy drinks, named C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7 were summered in Table 1. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was examined against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and a fungus. The functional healthy drinks were broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity without antifungal activity against Candida albicans KCTC7965. In particularly, the C7 showed strong activity against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CCARM3089, CCARM 3115 and CCARM3561. And, the C7 showed 88% of free radical scavenging effect on 0.5 mg/ml using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Functional healthy drink C7 was mulberry extracts from Morus alba, chaga mushroom from Inonatus obliqurs and moringa from Moringa olifera in additionally coffee extracts. Its results confirm that the potential use of mulberry extracts as a good source of antibacterial compounds or as a health promoting food and health drinks.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.589-595
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• 2001

Effect of anti-microbial agents, such as alcohol, garlic, chitosan, K-sorbate, or mustard, or pasteurization on the quality of traditional kochujang was investigated during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 weeks. Water activities of kochujang decreased after 12 weeks of storage. Consistency increased during storage and highest consistency of kochujang was obtained by the addition of mustard or garlic. Hunter a- and b-values decreased linearly as storage time passed. The degree of increase in total color difference$({\Delta}E)$ of alcohol added group was the highest among the tested anti-microbial agents. Gas was rapidly produced in the control and chitosan added group of kochujang. Capsanthin content decreased more rapidly in the group of alcohol, garlic or mustard added kochujang than the other group. Viable cell counts of yeast and aerobic bacteria in kochujang increased up to 12 weeks of storage, and then decreased slowly. The number of yeast was low in K-sorbate or alcohol added group. Activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ decreased during storage, but that of ${\beta}-amylase$ increased in alcohol, garlic, K-sorbate added or pasteurized kochujang. Protease activities did not show any remarkable differences in the groups of tested during storage.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.320-324
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• 2017

Eruca sativa is a rocket plant and a member of the Brassicaceae, which is considered to be an important chemo-preventive plant family. Although Eruca sativa has positive biological effects, the effect of Eruca sativa extract (ES) on improvement of skin barrier function has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the applicability of functional materials by examining a variety of physiological activities of Eruca sativa extract. ES showed anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In particular, antimicrobial activities of ES against B. subtilis was the highest. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis of protein marker related to keratinocyte differentiation was determined. The treatment by ES (50 mg/L) showed a significant increase of involucrin expression compared with treatment by 0.1% DMSO as a control in skin equivalents, the ES-treated group showed similar level in the expression of involucrin compared to the group treated with the same concentration of WY14643 in $EpiDerm^{TM}$, a three-dimensional model of skin equivalents. These results indicate that ES promotes the expression of protein related to barrier properties of the skin. Therefore, ES may be an effective ingredient for skin barrier improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.975-984
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• 2018

The purpose of that was to investigate the potential of P. Herba extracts as phytonutrient active ingredients. In order to elucidate the P.Herba ethanol extracts were examined DPPH radical scavenging activity, NO production, protective effects against oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity, anti-allergic effects, and inhibition of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase expression. The antioxidative activity of the P. Herba extracts was compared, and the antioxidative activity of the ethanol extract was found to be superior. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in HaCaT, RAW 264.7, and RBL-2H3 cells. The protective effect of the extracts against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) was examined in HaCaT cells, and it was found to be 83% This concentration refers to which extract ethanol at $100{\mu}g/mL$. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was examined in RAW 264.7 cells, and NO production was suppressed even at low concentrations. In addition, the concentration-dependent antimicrobial activities of the extracts were demonstrated in several bacterial strains, such as those of S.aureus, S.epidermidis and P. acnes. Based on the findings from this study, Portulacae Herba extracts could be used as physiological active substance that possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2007

Cosmetic products including skin and essence were manufactured to analyze the effect of green tea polyphenols addition. In addition, irradiation was applied to remove an undesirable color of green tea polyphenol(GTP), which may cause a problem in the marketing, of a final product; moreover, comparative studies were conducted with the cosmetic products on whether or not antiseptics were treated to verify its use for the development of non-antiseptic cosmetic products. Growth inhibition zones were shown in the microbial study except for Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of E. coli and C. albicans was 2,500 ppm but that of S. aureus was 1,000 ppm. The numbers of E. coli and S. aureus were reduced to undetected levels when 10,000 and 5,000 ppm of polyphenol were added, respectively. Results indicate that the addition of irradiated green tea polyphenol provides a good method to manufacture functional cosmetics including skin and essence with various biological activities such as antimicrobial activity without antiseptics.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.35-49
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• 2003

In this study, in an attempt to search for functional cosmetic ingredients from higher fungal, we have produced exopolysaccharides (GF-l, approximately carbohydrate 75％, protein 25％) and polysaccharide (GF-2) of mycelium extract, by submerged culture of Grifolafrondosa. For applications in anti-aging cosmetic field, we investigated the diverse biological activities. Antioxidant activity and inhibition of Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated enzymatic assays by measuring the superoxide scavenging activity using xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the proteolytic activity of MMPs using EnzChek Collagenase/Gelatinase kits, respectively. GF-l polysacchairde showed inhibition of superoxide radical by 90％ at a concentration of 0.2％ (w/v) and inhibition of collagenase by 45％ at 0.2％ (w/v). GF-2 polysaccharide of mycelium extract also exhibited good antioxidant activity. However, MMPs inhibition activity was relatively lower level compared to GF-l polysaccharides. The treatment of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) with GF-l and GF-2 polysaccharides increased the proliferation of fibroblast by approximately 23-25％ at a concentration of 0.5％ (w/v), also showed collagen synthesis increase in HDF by about 50％ at 0.5％ (w/v) compared to that of untreated control. We also report the moisturizing effects of polysaccharides in cosmetic products (O/W emulation) and its own ingredient, in vitro and in vivo. The GF-1 polysaccharide showed higher moisturizing ability than sodium hyaluronate, which is the most commonly used moisturizers ingredient. These results suggest the GF-l polysaccharide, protein-bound polysaccharide, may be used as an ingredient for new moisturizing and anti-aging cosmeceuticals.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2017

Pseudolaric acids of Pseudolarix kaempferi (Pinaceae) have been known as diterpenoids with potent anti-fungal-, anti-microbial, and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, the five MeOH extracts were prepared from the five plant part (root bark, stem bark, leaf, the inner part of root, and cone) to find the relation between the concentration of pseudolaric acids and cytotoxicity. Pseudolaric acids B and C were isolated from the root bark of P. kaempferi to use them as standard compounds. The five extracts were tested on cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines, A549 (lung), HCT116 (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), SNU638 (stomach), and SK-hep-1 (liver) by SRB assay, but against K562 (leukemia) by SRB- or MTT assay. HPLC quantification were performed on a Shisheido Capcell PAK C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6mm{\times}250mm$) using 254 nm wavelength. The cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$, $0.36{\mu}g/ml$ on K562 cell lines) of the root bark extract was potent and the content (101.1 mg/g extract) of pseudolaric acid B was very high in the root bark. These results suggest that the MeOH extract obtained from the root bark could be developed as the anti-cancer agent with a high quantity of pseudolaric acid B.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2019

Hibiscus syriacus L. is widely distributed throughout Eastern and Southern Asia and its root bark has been used as a traditional remedy. Recently, the extracts of H. syriacus L. exerts anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of anthocyanin-rich fraction of H. syriacus L. petals (PS) has not been studied under excessive oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the cellular protective effect of PS in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes under hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress conditions. PS at below $400{\mu}g/ml$ did not show any cell death; however, over $800{\mu}g/ml$ of PS gradually increased cell death. PS at below $400{\mu}g/ml$ significantly inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells concomitant with downregulation of Bax and upregulation of pro-PARP and p-Bcl-2. Additionally, PS remarkably reversed $H_2O_2$-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, and also significantly inhibited mitochondrial ROS production concomitant with suppression of $H_2O_2$-induced mitochondrial depolarization. $H_2O_2$-mediated ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, and caspase-3 activation were markedly abolished in the presence of PS. Moreover, the inhibition of HO-1 function using zinc protoporphyrin, an HO-1 inhibitor, significantly attenuated the cellular protective effects of PS against $H_2O_2$, indicating the significance of HO-1 in PS mediated cytoprotective effect, which was mediated by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Taken together, our results suggest that cytoprotective effect of PS in HaCaT keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is mediated by inhibiting cellular and mitochondrial ROS production, which is downregulated by activating Nrf2/HO-1 axis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.989-998
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• 2014

We investigated the characteristics and biological activities of vinegars added with different levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) of young leaves of Akebia quinata. During alcohol fermentation, alcohol and total acidity contents of vinegars increased. During acid fermentation, total acidity and amino acid contents increased. Vinegar added with 3% A. quinata leaf showed the highest total sensory score. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannin significantly increased during fermentation according to the amount of A. quinata leaf. After 22 days of fermentation, total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and tannin contents of vinegar added with 3% A. quinata were 4,079.08 mg GAE/100 g, 2,927.08 mg CE/100 g, and 3,618.00 mg TAE/100 g, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity of vinegar added with 3% A. quinata was 79.63%. Anti-cancer activities of vinegar added with 3% A. quinata were 48.65% and 52.90% against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, respectively. Vinegar added with 3% A. quinata showed anti-bacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Our results demonstrate that the biological activities of vinegar added with 3% A. quinata leaf (22 days of fermentation) were excellent, and their enhanced total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents were associated with antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities. Thus, A. quinata can be used as a functional material in vinegar and other foods.