• Title/Summary/Keyword: Anti-inflammatoin

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Anti-inflammatory Activity on LPS-stimulated in vitro RAW 264.7 Cells and in vivo Zebrafish of Heterosigma akshiwo

  • Kim, Junseong;Choi, Youn Kyung;Lee, Ji-Hyeok;Kim, Seo-Young;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Jeon, You-Jin;Heo, Soo-Jin
    • Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2017
  • Red tide Heterosigma akashiwo (H. akashiwo), a microscopic alga of the class Raphidophyceae, causes extensive damage to all marine ecosystems. It is essential to reduce the damage to marine ecosystems for them to be used as a resource. In this study, we used organic solvent fractionation to obtain an ethyl acetate-methanol extract from H. akashiwo (HAEM80) and then evaluated its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and a zebrafish model. HAME80 markedly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$). It also down-regulated the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and decreased the secretion of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. HAME80 reduced yolk edema and improved the survival rate of LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos; in addition, the extract significantly reduced the production of ROS and NO and attenuated cell death in this model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the extract was used to confirm the identity of peaks 1-20. Taken together, our data suggest that H. akashiwo is a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent.