• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins and contains proteins such as phospholipase and melittin, which have an effect on blood clotting and blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-coagulation effect of BV and its effects on blood coagulation and purification. Methods: Crude venom obtained from Apis mellifera was selected. The anti-coagulation factor of the crude venom from this species was purified by using gel filtration chromatography (sephadex G-50), and the molecular weights of the anti-coagulants in this venom estimated by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Blood samples were obtained from 10 rabbits, and the prothrombin time (PT) and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests were conducted. The approximate lethal dose (LD) values of BV were determined. Results: Crude BV increased the blood clotting time. For BV concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/mL, clotting was not observed even at more than 300 seconds, standard deviations $(SDs)={\pm}0.71$; however, clotting was observed in the control group 13.8 s, $SDs={\pm}0.52$. Thus, BV can be considered as containing anti-coagulation factors. Crude BV is composed 4 protein bands with molecular weights of 3, 15, 20 and 41 kilodalton (kDa), respectively. The $LD_{50}$ of the crude BV was found to be $177.8{\mu}g/mouse$. Conclusion: BV contains anti-coagulation factors. The fraction extracted from the Iranian bees contains proteins that are similar to anti-coagulation proteins, such as phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2)$ and melittin, and that can increase the blood clotting times in vitro.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-82
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity and anti-thrombosis effect of Manbunbang(MBB) prescribed to chronic PID patients. Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet aggregation, suppression effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity and inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis which were caused by ADP, epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid in vitro. And suppression of pulmonary embolism, changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model and anti-oxidative effect of oxidative damage were studied in vivo. Results: MBB extract showed LD50 of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ or higher in mouse lung fibroblast cells, and significantly decreased the GPT and GPT level in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control. MBB extract showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. MBB extract showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control. MBB extract significantly suppressed TXB2 and PGE2 biosynthesis compared to the control. MBB extract suppressed pulmonary embolism triggered by collagen and epinephrine by 37.5% compared to the control. MBB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control. Concluson : The results strongly suggest the anti-inflammatory activity of Manbunbang through anti-thrombus. Various applications using Manbunbang on inflammatory diseases are anticipated. Anti-oxidative efficacy comparison data between the Manbunbang prescription and the drug compositions may be used as important clinical information, and further investigation of anti-oxidative activities of Chrysanthemum indicum and Rhemaniae Radix should be followed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1068-1075
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• 2018

Kaempferia parviflora, an herbaceous plant in the family Zingiberaceae, is popular in many tropical regions. It is called as black ginger or krachaidum in Thailand and Laos, and its raw or dried root have been used as spices and teas. The rhizomes also have been traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, ulcers, gout, dysentery, allergies and to improve physical work capacity. Recently, its anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and blood clot-lysis activities were reported. In this study, the anti-thrombosis activity of black ginger was investigated, since improvement in blood fluidity leads to the prevention of various lifestyle-related diseases. The hot water and ethanol extract and their subsequent solvent fractions (hexane, ethylacetate, butanol fractions and water residue) were prepared, and their anti-coagulation and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities were determined, respectively. Among the black ginger extracts and their fractions, the ethylacetate fraction (EAF) of ethanol extract only showed significant extensions of blood coagulation time determined by thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). At 5 mg/ml concentration, TT, PT and aPTT were extended to 1.22, 1.49 and >15-folds compared to non-treatment. The EAFs of ethanol and hot water extract showed strong inhibitions against collagen-induced platelet aggregations, which are comparable to inhibitions of aspirin. Also the EAFs from black ginger did not show any hemolysis activity against human RBC up to 0.5 mg/ml. Our results suggest that the EAF of black ginger has a potential as novel anti-coagulation and ant-platelet aggregation agent. This report provides the first evidence of anti-coagulation activity of black ginger.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 2015

The mature fruit of Sorbus commixta is known as magaja in Korea and is consumed in the form of tea and wine. In addition, it has been used to treat hypertension and articular neuralgia in folk medicine. In this study, the ethanol extract of magaja and its subsequent organic solvent fractions were prepared, and their in vitro anti-coagulation, and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities were evaluated. Among the fractions, the ethylacetate fraction demonstrated significant inhibition against thrombin, prothrombin, blood coagulation factors and platelet aggregation, without hemolysis activity up to 0.5 mg/ml. Our results suggest that the ethylacetate fraction of magaja has the potential to be used as a new anti-coagulation agent.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2023

Tenebrio molitor, rich in protein, is used as an alternative protein source. Many studies have evaluated Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML) for anti-obesity effects, fatty liver relief, antithrombosis, and antioxidant effects. In this study, we prepared an experimental diet by adding Tenebrio molitor larvae oil (TMLO) to feed and administered it to adult male ICR mice for six weeks. The study assessed the weight gain of mice, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), blood coagulation time, and the activities of coagulation factor VII and coagulation factor XII. The weight gain of mice was suppressed in the groups fed with TMLO, indicating a potential anti-obesity effect. The blood coagulation time was delayed in the TMLO-fed groups, as evidenced by amplified PT and aPTT values. Furthermore, the activities of coagulation factor VII and coagulation factor XII were diminished in the TMLO-treated groups, indicating a potential thrombosis relieving effect. The concentrations of thromboxane B2 and serotonin declined in the TMLO-fed groups, signifying potential blood circulation effects. Finally, blood triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were reduced in the TMLO-fed groups. In summary, TMLO supplementation may have an inhibitory effect on liver damage and blood clot formation caused by obesity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-151
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam(EGB)" currently used in clinical treatment of PID Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet cohesion, suppressive effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity, inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis, and oxidative damage suppression effects of "EGB" in vitro. Also, suppression of pulmonary embolism and changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model were studied in vivo. Results: In this study, EGB extract showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. Also it showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control group. EGB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model and increased the number of platelets and amount of fibrinogen, and decreased the APTT in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control group. EGB extract showed dose-dependent decrease of oxidative damages caused by DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, whereas dose-dependent increase of superoxide dismutase like activity was observed compared to the control group. Conclusion: We confirmed the anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam". Various clinical applications of "Eungapbang-gagam" as well as use of data for the construction of EBM is anticipated.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1400-1408
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• 2016

The black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is belong to the Grossulariaceae family, and has piquant berries, which can be eaten as raw or as processed foods, such as jams, jelly, juice and syrups. In this study, the fresh juice of black currant (FJBC) from Austria and its subsequent organic solvent fractions, such as hexane fraction, ethylacetate (EA) fraction, butanol fraction and water residue, were prepared and their in-vitro anti-oxidant, anti-coagulation and anti-platelet aggregation activities were evaluated. The FJBC and EA fraction, which has concentrated polyphenol and flavonoid, showed strong radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The $RC_{50}s$ of EA fraction against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, nitrite were 136.3, 66.2 and $115.5{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, those are 1/10, 1/16, and 1/7.7 of $RC_{50}s$ of vitamin C. In anti-coagulation assay, the FJBC, EA and butanol fraction showed significant inhibitory activities against thrombin, prothrombin and coagulation factors. Furthermore, the anti-platelet aggregation activities of EA and butanol fraction were the stronger than that of aspirin. The concentrations required for 50% platelet aggregation inhibition of aspirin, EA and butanol fraction were 0.395, 0.192 and 0.261 mg/ml, respectively. The EA and butanol fraction have no hemolysis activities up to 0.5 mg/ml against human red blood cells. The results suggest that the FJBC and its EA and butanol fraction have high potentials as novel anti-thrombosis agents. This report provides the first evidence of anti-thrombosis activity of black currant.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was carried out to investigate anti-coagulation effects and mechanism of Hongdeung-tang on the dissentimenated intravascular coagulation Methods : Each 10 rats were classified as normal gorup, control group and treated group. The control group was given a 0.5mg/ml endotoxin intra-vein injection and was occurred Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC). The treated group were orally administrated 1ml Hongdeung-tang concentration once a day for 6 days and then it was treated the same as the control group. We took the blood from heart and were investigated number of Platelet and white blood cell(WBC), fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time(PT), activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), interleukin-6(IL-6), Tumor Necrosis $Factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, Prostaglandin $E2(PGE_2)$ from them. Results : There were a statistically significant increase of platelet and fibrinogen concentration in the treated group compared to the treated group. The PT was a significantly reduced in treated group compared to the control group. There was no significant change in numbers of WBC and APTT between control and treated group. On the contrary, the number of PT, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ were significantly decreased in treated group compared to the control group. Conclusion : DIC which was occurred by endotoxin intravenous injection seems to related to the increase of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and Hongdeung-tang has an effect that supress those factors. we can assume Hongdeung-tang has an anti-coagulation effect by those supressing effect.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2016

This study was designed to develop the functional beverage using Salicornia herbacea L (SH). To evaluate the anti-oxidation and anti-thrombosis activities of SH, the ethanol extracts of leaf (LF), stem (ST) and seed (SD) of SH were prepared. Components analysis showed the total polyphenol of LF > ST > SD, and the total flavonoid of LF > SE > ST, respectively. Amounts of total sugar and reducing sugar of LF and ST were similar, but the SD had only 1/10 of sugar contents of LF. Anti-oxidation activities of each extract determined by calculated RC₅₀ showed LF > SD > ST for DPPH anion, nitrite and reducing power, and LF = SD > ST for ABTS cation scavenging activity, respectively. In anti-coagulation assay, SD showed strong inhibition activity against thrombin and blood coagulation factors. All the extracts had no platelet aggregation activities against human platelet and no hemolysis against human RBC. Our results suggest that the SD from SH has a great potential as a new anti-coagulation agent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare anti-thrombotic activities of 4 Rhubarb species. Methods : Rhubarb has been used as medical and edible resources worldwide for the therapy of cancer, constipation and inflammation, etc. To compare the anti-thrombotic activities among the species within rhubarb, we investigated and compared the inhibitory properties of water extracts from R. palmatum(RPE), R. officinale(ROE), R. nobile(RNE), and R. franzenbachii (RFE) on the fibrinolysis, blood coagulation and platelet aggregation. APTT and PT, blood coagulation time, were measured by apparatus of auto blood coagulation analysis that called ACL-7000. The measurement of fibrinolysis was measured and compares with the width of clear zone from melted fibrin plate. The platelet aggregation was measured and compared with inhibition rate of aggregation. Results : We found out the best species from rhubarb showing the significant fibrinolytic, anti-coagulant and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Our results show that Rheum nobile (RNE) has the most effective anti-thrombotic activity among 4 tested rhubarb. Conclusions : This study, therefore, RNE will be able to be used the development of drug which is thrombosis treatment.