• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits various symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia or death. The major features of patients in severe COVID-19 are the dysregulation of cytokine secretion, pneumonia, and acute lung injury. Consequently, it leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure, and death. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, influences nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), the sensor of inflammasomes, directly or indirectly, culminating in the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of inflammatory caspases, which induce the inflammatory disruption in severe COVID-19. Accordingly, the target therapeutics for inflammasome has attracted attention as a treatment for COVID-19. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) inhibits several inflammatory responses, including the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. This review discusses the role of KRG in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 based on its anti-NLRP3 inflammasome efficacy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that affects various body organ systems. We evaluated the prevalence of a vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its potential role in the clinical condition of critically ill Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Patients under 18 years old with a 25(OH) vitamin D measurement on the first day of PICU admission were included from among the children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary children's hospital between October 2017 and January 2019. RESULTS: A total of 172 pediatric patients were enrolled. The mean 25(OH) vitamin D level was 17.5 ± 12.8 ng/mL. There was a 65.1% prevalence of VDD (25(OH) vitamin D level < 20 ng/mL). VDD was associated with age at PICU admission, gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary disorders, International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis disseminated intravascular coagulation (ISTH DIC) score, pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (pMODS) score and with several laboratory test findings including hemoglobin, platelet, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, and anti-thrombin III levels. Most of these parameters also showed significant linear correlations with the 25(OH) vitamin D level (P < 0.05). However, no statistically meaningful association was found between VDD and other clinical conditions such as the need for a mechanical ventilator, requirement for vasoactive drugs, duration of the PICU and hospital stays, or PICU mortality. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of VDD in critically ill Korean children. There were significant associations between the 25(OH) vitamin D level and gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary disorders, the pMODS score and with coagulation related factors. Further large-scale studies with more specific subgroup analyses are required to more precisely assess the clinical implications of VDD in critically ill pediatric patients.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.418-423
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• 2006

Tabanus anticoagulant protein (TAP) was isolated from the whole body of the tabanus, Tabanus bivittatus, using three purification steps (ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-60, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex gel). The purified TAP, with a molecular weight of 65 kDa, was assessed to be homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an isoelectric point of 7.9 was determined by isoelectric focusing. The internal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was composed of Ser-Leu-Asn-Asn-Gln-Phe-Ala-Ser-Phe-lle-Asp-Lys-Val-Arg. The protein was activated by $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$, and the optimal conditions were found to be at pH $3\sim6\;and\;40\sim70^{\circ}C$. Standard coagulation screen assays were used to determine thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Chromogenic substrate assays were performed for thrombin and factor Xa activity. TAP considerably prolonged human plasma clotting time, especially activated partial thromboplastin time in a dose-dependent manner; it showed potent and specific antithrombin activity in the chromogenic substrate assay. Specific anti-factor Xa activity in TAP was not detected. Overall, this result suggested that TAP has significant anticoagulant activity on blood coagulation system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.977-983
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• 2006

The objective was to devise an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI) against which cardioprotective drugs might be tested. We describe the effects of nimesulide, a COX experience with development and validation of such a model. The rabbit was chosen in preference to rodents because its heart and cardiac circulation more closely resemble those of human. Thus, the cardiovascular system of anaesthetized male rabbits, 1 to 1.5 kg (n=11), was stressed by a single bolus intravenous injection of isoprenaline (ISP), 65 mg/kg. The effects of the injection were followed for sixteen days and were evaluated in four ways: 1) measurements of creatinine kinase isozyme and troponin-I (TPI) in serum 2) Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes (ST elevation and Q wave development) 3) Cardiac histopathology observed in tissue sections of the isolated of the heart. The histopathological analysis showed that rabbit heart on 2nd day after ISP injection showed changes of coagulation necrosis. Day 4 total coagulation with the loss of nuclear and striation associated with heavy interstitial infiltrate of neutrophils was found. Day 8 after infarction showed collagen deposition with capillary channels in between the remaining islands of myocytes in the infarcted area. On the 16th day scarring was complete. Coronary perfusion rates (CPR) and heart rate (HR) of the infarcted and nimesulide (a COX-2 inhibitor) treated rabbits displayed significant improvement (n=11) on each corresponding day after infarction as compared to the infarcted and saline treated rabbits (P<0.05). All four indices revealed similarities with effects commonly associated with MI in humans.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권2호통권149호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2007

Regarding chemical changes in oriental drugs after food processing such as roasting, fermentation, and extrusion, fifty commonly-used medicinal plants were investigated. As a result, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium (a tangerine peel from Citrus unshu Markovich) showed remarkably different HPLC profiles after being roasted. An increased peak was isolated by repeated chromatography and identified as 5-hydroxymethyl furfral (5-HMF) by means of instrumental analyses. The 5-HMF content of Aurantii nobilis Pericarpoum reached its maximum level after being roasted for 30 min at 225$^{\circ}C$ (49.2 mg/g extract, ca 42 times of increase over untreated control). Although there were no significant changes in in vitro biological activity such as antioxidative, anti-dementia, anti-hypertension, anti-coagulation, or cytotoxicity, before and after roasting process, our results suggested that simple heat treatment might improve the value of the above oriental drug since 5-HMF has been known to possess inhibitory activities toward nitric oxide formation, tyrosinase, and sickling of red blood cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.501-509
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• 2022

도토리 화분은 국내에서 가장 많이 생산되는 단일 화분으로, 민간에서는 지혈, 빈혈방지, 전립선염 치료 등에 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 식물 화분을 이용한 기능성 식의약품 소재 개발 가능성을 검토하고자, 도토리 화분의 에탄올 추출물의 극성별 유기용매 분획물을 제조하고 이의 성분 분석, 항산화, 항응고, 혈소판 응집 저해활성 및 활성 분획물의 적혈구 용혈 활성을 평가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 도토리 화분 에탄올 추출물 중 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 가장 높은 225.0 mg/g을 나타내었다. 상기 에틸아세테이트 분획은 DPPH, ABTS 및 nitrite에 대한 RC₅₀값이 각각 72.2, 27.7 및 62.6 ㎍/ml를 나타내어 강력한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 한편 도토리 화분의 항혈전 활성 평가를 위해 혈액응고저해 활성 평가 결과, 모든 분획물에서 5 mg/ml 농도까지 특이한 항응고 활성은 나타나지 않았다. 반면 혈소판 응집저해활성 평가 결과, 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물, 부탄올 분획물 및 물 잔류물에서 우수한 응집저해가 나타났으나, 헥산 분획물에서는 오히려 응집촉진 효과를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성 및 혈소판 응집 저해활성이 우수한 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 1 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구 용혈활성이 없었으며, UPLC/MS/MS 분석결과 rutin, isoquercitrin 및 astragalin이 주요 활성물질임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 이용한 새로운 항산화 및 항혈전제로 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2016

Nucleotide metabolism in endothelium is variable between different species. Recent studies demonstrated that this variability could contribute coagulation dysfunction, even though organs of the alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout pig were transplanted into the primate. CD73 (ecto-5'-nucelotidase) is an enzyme at cell surface catalyzing the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine, which plays role on a substance for anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant. Thus, overexpression of CD73 in endothelial cells of the pig is considered as an approach to reduce coagulopathy. In this study, we constructed a human CD73 expression vector under control of porcine Icam2 promoter (pIcam2-hCD73), which is expressed specifically at endothelial cells, and of CMV promoter as a control (CMV-CD73). First, we transfected the CMV-CD73 vector into HEK293 cells, and then confirmed CD73 expression at cell surface by flow cytometry analysis. Next, we transfected the pIcma2-CD73 and CMV-CD73 vectors into primary porcine fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Consequence was that the pIcma2-CD73 vector was expressed only at the porcine endothelial cells, meaning that the pIcam2 promoter lead to endothelial cell-specific expression of CD73 in vitro. Finally, we nucleofected the pIcam2-hCD73 vector into passage 3 fibroblasts, and enforced hygromycin selection of 400mg/ml. We were able to obtain forty three colonies harboring pIcam2-CD73 to provide donor cells for transgenic cloned porcine production.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.447-451
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• 1998

우렁쉥이 (Halocynthia roretzi)의 껍질에서 최근 다양한 생리적 기능이 알려진 황산화다당를 분리하여 화학성 분과 조성 당을 분석하였으며 , 기능성을 살펴보았다. 황산화다당의 황산기함량은 $2.3\%$, 황산콘드로이틴은 $25.7\%$, 그리고 uronic acid의 함량은 $5.6\%$였다. 조성당 분석결과, 5탄당으로는 arabinose $0.7\%$와 xylose가 $0.4\%$였고, 6탄당으로는 glucose가 $1.5\%$였으나. 특이하게 galactose의 함량이 $60\%$이상 검출되었다. 한편, hexosamine으로는 N-acety1gucosamine이 $9.4\%$ 및 N-acetylgalactosarnine이 $14.8\%$ 검출되었으며, uronic acid로는 D-glucuronic acid가 $10.8\%$ 검출되었다. 지방흡수력은 대조구인 chitin과 chitosan에 비하여 다소 떨어졌으며, 추출한 황산화다당의 지방흡수력은 대략 $280\%$ 정도였다. 한편 포말성 및 포말안정성은 각각 0.70 과 0.50으로 비교적 우수하였다. 유화능 및 유화안정성은 $49.2\%$와 $48.3\%$ 정도였으며, 황산화다당의 항혈액응고능은 APTT가 65초로 저지효과가 인정되었으나, PT저지효과는 없었다. ACE저해능의 측정 결과. 약간의 ACE저해효과가 있었으며, 채택된 실험방법에 따라 동일시료의 경우에 있어서도 저해효과 값이 차이가 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1102-1110
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• 1996

1955년 9월 부터 1995년 7월까지 230례의 승모판치환수술이 시행되었다. 이 중 남자는 77명 여자가 153명이 었고 평균 연령은 35.7였다. 동반된 수술은 대동맥 판막치 환술(40례), 삼첨 판윤성 형술(25례), 대동맥판치환술+삼첨판성형술(8례),삼첨판치환술(2례)등이 있었다. 139례의 기계판막과 91개의 조직판막이 치환되었으며, 판막의 크기와 사용된 수는 31 mm(75개), 29mm(66개), 33mm(46개), 27mm(29개) 및 25mm(14개) 등이었다. 수술전 NYHA 기능적 등급은 II(76례), III(123례), IV(31례)였으며 술후 I(175례), II(49례) 등으로 호전되었다. 술후 조기 합병증은 28에서 발생하였으며 저심박출증씨 8례로 가장 많았다. 조기사망은 6례 (2.6%)였으며 사망원인은 저심박출증(2례), 부정맥(2례), 심장파열(2례) 등이 었다. 총 추적 기간 누계는 764.4 환자-년이었으며 평균추적 기간은 43.9개월이었다. 판막과 유관한 장기 합병증은 21례에서 발생하였으며 이중 판막파괴가 10례(1.3%1환자-년), 항응혈제 출혈 5례(0.7%/환자-년), 심내막염 4례(0.5%1환자-년) 혈색전증 2례(0.3%/환자-년) 등이었고 심장에 연유한 사망은 5례(0.7%/환자-년)에서 발생하였다. 9년 장기추적중 합병증 및 사망비발생률이 판막 상호간에 유의한 차가 없었으나 판막파괴비 발생률이 기계 판막(100%)과 조직 판막(34.4%) 사이에 유의한 차가 있었다(p=0.032). 9년간 보험통계적 생존률은 96.6%였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.386-393
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• 2020

최근, 환경오염의 심화, 식량·에너지 부족, 지구온난화 문제에 대한 대안으로 곤충산업이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 환경정화 곤충 및 사료용 곤충으로 각광받고 있는 동애등에(Black soldier fly, Hermetia illicens)의 고부가 가치화를 위해, 생육시기별로 유충(2령~6령), 번데기, 용각 및 성충을 회수하여 이의 에탄올 추출물을 조제하고, 이의 유용성분 함량, 혈액응고저해 및 혈소판 응집저해 활성을 평가하였다. 동애등에 유충은 15일 사육(2령~6령) 동안 25배 무게가 증가하였으며, 흰색-미색-흑갈색으로 변화하였으며, 에탄올 추출수율은 생육시기에 따라 1.0~18.5%로 다양하였다. 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 용각(17.2 mg/g)에서 가장 높았으며, 번데기, 성충, 2령 순으로 나타났으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 번데기(3.4 mg/g), 용각, 6령 순으로 나타났다. 반면 총당 함량은 6령(37.6 mg/g)에서 특이하게 높게 나타났으며, 용각, 번데기, 5령순으로 나타났다. 혈액응고 저해 활성 평가결과, 용각 추출물에서 가장 우수한 트롬빈저해, 내인성 및 외인성 응고 저해를 나타내었으며, 6령 및 번데기 추출물에서도 우수한 항응고 활성을 확인하였다. 혈소판 응집저해 활성 평가에서는 3령, 용각 및 성충 추출물에서 우수한 응집저해능이 나타났으며, 4령 및 5령 추출물은 오히려 혈소판 응집을 촉진함을 확인하였다. 현재까지 동애등에의 항혈전 활성은 보고된 바 없으며, 특히 생육시기별 활성 평가도 보고된 바 없다. 본 연구결과는 동애등애 번데기 및 용각을 이용한 항혈전 소재 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.