• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.592-601
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• 2015

Rubus coreanus is known as Korean black raspberry, native to Korea, Japan, and China. Preliminary studies evaluating their potential for cancer treatment in mammalian test systems are ongoing. In recent years, interest has been renewed due to their high levels of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins in black raspberry are important due to their potential health benefits as dietary antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and as a chemopreventive agent. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BA29 was isolated from black raspberry fruit and fruit juice as a biogenic amine non-producing strain for manufacturing of black raspberry wine, after which we investigated its characteristics: biogenic amine-producing ability, cell growth ability, alcohol-fermentation ability, and resistance to alcohol, glucose, and sulfur dioxide. Based on preliminary experiments, we optimized culture medium compositions for improving dried cell weight of S. cerevisiae BA29 by response surface methodology (RSM) as a statistical method. Design for RSM used a central composite design, and molasses with the industrial applicability was used as a carbon source. Through statistical analysis, we obtained optimum values as follows: molasses 200 g/L, peptone 30 g/L, and yeast extract 40 g/L. For the model verification, we confirmed about 3-fold improvement of dried cell weight from 6.39 to 20.9167 g/L compared to basal yeast peptone dextrose medium. Finally, we manufactured black raspberry wine using S. cerevisiae BA29 and produced alcohol of 20.33%. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae isolated from black raspberry fruit and juices has a great potential in the fermentation of black raspberry wine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

Saccharomyces lysate has the well-known function of soothing the skin in various ways: it is an anti-irritant and can treat skin care conditions, such as skin whitening and antioxidative activity. However, data on the safety for use of Saccharomyces lysate in cosmetics and skin care products are still limited. To design a new cosmetic material with antioxidant and skin-whitening effects, 80 yeast strains were isolated from berries grown in Sunchang. Among the isolates, the FT4-4 strain, which exhibited superior biological activities, was selected for further experiments. The FT4-4 strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by 18S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. S. cerevisiae FT4-4 showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging (51.41%), superoxide dismutase (62.23%), and tyrosinase inhibition (64.75%) activities. The highest yield of biomass (3.16 g/l) and maximum growth rate of S. cerevisiae FT4-4 were observed within 16 h. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity potential of S. cerevisiae FT4-4 on B16F10 melanoma cells was measured by an MTT assay, and the results indicated that S. cerevisiae FT4-4 had a capacity to inhibit melanin up to 72.02% at an initial 10 mg/ml concentration. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae FT4-4 could be a promising candidate as a multi-functional material for application in the cosmetic industry, especially because of its antioxidant and skin-whitening effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.751-756
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• 2013

This research old age chestnut tree that loss function chestnut leaf renewal efficiency enlargement and development of cosmeceutical product by purpose. Chestnut leaf (CL) exhibits numerous pharmacological effect including anti-allergy and anti-microbial properties. However, the anti-wrinkle effect of CL is not completely understood. In this study, to find a possible explanation for the anti-wrinkle effects of CL, we evaluated the effects of CL on radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibition activity and collagenase inhibition activity. CL was extracted with various solvents including water (CLW), 70% ethanol (CLE) and 70% acetone (CLA). The results showed that CLW, CLE, and CLA have the radical scavenging activity. In addition, we showed that CLW, CLE, and CLA have the elastase inhibition activity and collagenase inhibition activity. Consequently, the CL has a potent anti-wrinkle effect and it could be a useful cosmeceutical product for anti-aging purposes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.783-786
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• 2011

Various mushroom extracts were examined for their anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities. Mushrooms were extracted with chloroform, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity than that of the others. The inhibitory effects of the chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Lyopyllum ulmarium, which have high anti-microbial and GTase activities, on the growth of S. mutans were examined and the optimal ratio of solvents was also evaluated to investigate the influence of solvents using a simplex centroid design. The anti-cariogenic effects of the L. ulmarium extract on S. mutans was influenced by the solvent, and the optimum anti-cariogenic activity of the extract was obtained with the ratio of chloroform:methanol:ethyl acetate=1:1:1 (v/v/v). These results suggest that solvent selection is an important factor to extract anti-cariogenic materials effectively from mushrooms.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.29-48
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• 2021

Objectives: Banchong-san (BCS) is a herbal formula composed of 13 korean medicinal herbs and is traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases and pain. The object of this study was to research the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and antimicrobial effects of the BCS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: In this experiment, effects of BCS on the following four were measured as follows: (1) Anti-oxidative effects were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) Radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) Radical scavenging activity. (2) Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by the production amount of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)(the previous two are "mRNA"), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκBα), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (the previous five are "Protein") in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. (3)Antipruritic effects were evaluated by the production amount of histamine, Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), LeukotrieneC4 (LTC4) Levels in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)/ionomycin-stimulated MC/9 mast cell. (4) Anti-microbial effects were evaluated by the growth suppression of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger. Results: The following results were obtained through each measurement: (1) DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, ABTS Radical Scavenging Activity evoked a significant concentration-dependent increase. (2) ROS, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE₂ production amount, iNOS, COX-2 mRNA expression were significantly reduced in the BCS extraction group compared with the control group and significantly decreased the amount of ERK, JNK, p38, NF-κB Protein expression. The amount of IκB-α Protein Expression have increased significantly. (3) The amounts of histamine, LTB4, LTC4 were significantly decreased. (4) The antibacterial efficacy, BCS inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of 5 ㎍/ml, but did not suppress the growth of staphylococcus aureus and aspergillus niger. Conclusions: The experimental results show that BCS has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and antimicrobial properties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48
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• pp.41-48
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• 2003

The number of natural products obtained from plants has now reached over 100,000 and new chemical compounds are being discovered ever year. Medicinal and Aromatic plants and their extracts have been used for centuries to relieve pain, aid healing, kill bacteria and insects are important as the antifungal and anti-herbivore agents with further compounds being involved in the symbiotic associations. Although their functions in plants have not been fully established, it is Known that some substances have growth regulatory properties while others are involved in pollination and seed dispersal. The complex nature of these chemicals are usually produced in various types of secretory structures which is an important character of a plant family and also influenced and controlled by genetic and ecological factors. Detailed anatomical description of these structures ave relevant to the market value of the plants, the verification of authenticity of a given species and for the detection of substitution or adulteration. Volatile oils are used for their therapeutic action for flavoring of lemon, in perfumery of rose or as starting materials for the synthesis of other compounds of turpentine. For therapeutic purposes they are administered as inhalations of eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, as gargles and mouthwashes of thymol and transdermally many essential oils including those of lavender, etc. With these current trend for using volatile components in essential oil will be increasing in the future in Korea and in the world as well.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

Coffee is one of the most popular and consumed beverages in the world, which leads to a high contents of solid residue known as spent coffee grounds (SCG). As is known, coffee beans contain several classes of health related chemicals, including phenolic compounds, melanoidins, diterpenes, xanthines and carotenoids. The waste water coming out of coffee industries has high concentration of organic pollutants and is very harmful for surrounding water bodies, human health and aquatic life if discharged directly into the surface waters. Hence it is essential to treat and manage the coffee waste. Oyster shells are a waste product from mariculture that creates a major disposal problem in coastal regions of southeast Korea. In the study, the oyster shell waste was used to treat the coffee waste and its effluents. Oyster shells are calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, and allowed to test the calcined CaO powder ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in different aging coffee wastes. Calcined oyster shell powder showed anti-bacterial effect that inhibited cell growth of Escherichia coli and other bacterial forms. The antimicrobial activity of calcium oxide from oyster shell waste for biological treatment and utilization as a fertilizers with economic ecofriendly in nature.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 2009

In DPPH radical and nitric oxide scavenging ability, the extract of lowest temperature condition(40-15H ; 15 hours at $40^{\circ}C$ for drying) exhibited highest activity. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of each extracts were found to be $120.4{\sim}193.3\;mg$/g and $86.91{\sim}94.55\;mg$/g respectively. It is shown that 40-15H was the highest content in each compound. In antimicrobial activity, a lower drying temperature conditions were found to be more strong activities in disc diffusion assay and each extracts showed MIC of identical level against every tested microbial strains. However 100-2H(2 hours at $100^{\circ}C$ for drying) was exhibited MIC of slightly low level against some strains. And every extract showed fine cell viabilities($101.7{\sim}122.9%$) against RAW 264.7 cell. In anti-proliferation activity against AGS, each extract showed a similar inhibition activity. However in anti-proliferation activity against HeLa, a lower drying temperature conditions showed more strong activities.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2008

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of kinases involved in the transduction of cellular signals that promote lipid hydrolysis. PKC plays a pivotal role in mediating cellular responses to extracellular stimuli involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Comparative analysis of the PKC-${\alpha},{\beta},{\varepsilon}$ isozymes of 200 recently sequenced microbial genomes was carried out using variety of bioinformatics tools. Diversity and evolution of PKC was determined by sequence alignment. The ser/thr protein kinases of Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2), is the only bacteria to show sequence alignment score greater than 30% with all the three PKC isotypes in the sequence alignment. S.coelicolor is the subject of our interest because it is notable for the production of pharmaceutically useful compounds including anti-tumor agents, immunosupressants and over two-thirds of all natural antibiotics currently available. The comparative analysis of three human isotypes of PKC and Serine/threonine protein kinase of S.coelicolor was carried out and possible mechanism of action of PKC was derived. Our analysis indicates that Serine/ threonine protein kinase from S. coelicolor can be a good candidate for potent anti-tumor agent. The presence of three representative isotypes of the PKC super family in this organism helps us to understand the mechanism of PKC from evolutionary perspective.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

The spice phenomenon therapy is to adhibit aromatic herbs or materials to the human body or clothing, for the purpose of preventing and treating diseases. Mankind found the fire, and found that some plants and trees give off smoke when they are burning. Then, they found that some of aromatic substances had certain actions after being absorbed through the respiratory organ, which was the beginning of the spice phenomenon therapy. The spice phenomenon therapy is effective to relieve the exterior syndrome, to eliminate dampness, to regulate Qi flow, and to induce resuscitation. It has two actions. One is that the aromas that permeated the body, refreshes the mind, stimulates the appetite, strengthens the spleen and the stomach, and makes a relaxing sleep. The other is that the aromatic substances, absorbed into the human body, have pharmacological actions. The volatile aromatic substances have various pharmacological actions such as stimulating cranial nerves, dilating cardiac blood vessels, promoting gastric secretion, relaxing and sleep-inducing. It has been proved that the spice phenomenon therapy is anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial and is effective to dilate cerebral blood vessels and to ease the pain. It is expected to be studied more aggressively.