• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2006

남학생 3,391명과 여학생 5,136명 총 8,527명의 대학생을 대상으로 2004년 조사결과 B형간염 표면항원 양성률은 2.7%이었으며 표면항체 양성률은 61.1%이었다. 성별로 표면항원 양성률은 남학생에서 3.3%, 여학생에서 2.3%로 남학생이 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(p< .05) 표면항체 양성률은 남학생에서 59.6%, 여학생에서 62.1%로 여학생에서 양성률이 유의하게 높았다(p< .05). 출생년도에 따른 B형간염 표면항원 양성률은 1980년 이전 출생군 3.8%에서 1986년 출생군 2.3%까지로 최근 출생군에서 다소 낮게 나타났으나 일정한 양상은 보이지 않았다. 출생년도에 따른 B형간염 표면항체 양성률은 1980년 이전 출생군 38.7%에서 1984년 출생군 71.7%까지로 1983년 출생 이후군에서 다소 높게 나타났으나 일정한 양상은 보이지 않았다. B형간염 표면항원 양성자의 39.6%에서 e항원 양성률을 보였으며 비정상 간기능은 19.1%를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 적극적인 보건교육, B형간염 예방접종 등으로 인하여 B형간염 바이러스 감염의 유행지역으로 불리는 우리나라에서도 B형간염 표면항원 및 표면항체 양성률이 상당히 개선되었음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1987

의대생들의 B형바이러스성 간염의 감염율을 조사하고 그 예방대책을 강구하기 위하여 경북의대 1, 2, 3학년 가운데 B형 간염 백신 예방접종을 받은 학생을 제외한 자원자 385명을 대상으로 HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc를 RIA방법으로 측정하여 B형간염 감염율을 조사하고 설문지로 수혈력, 침술력, 수술력을 조사하고 HBsAg양성인 사람은 16개월 후에 재검사하여 변화양상을 조사하였다. HBsAg양성율은 6.8%이었으며 연령에 대한 보정을 했을 때 남자가 7.2%로 여자의 4.9%보다 높았으며, anti-HBs양성율은 35.8% (남자 36.1%, 여자 37 9%), anti-HBc양성율은 45.5% (남자 46.5%, 여자 44.5%)이었다. 따라서 B형간염 감염율은 49.1%로서 역시 남자(50.3%)가 여자보다(46.5%) 높았다. 학년별 HBsAg양성율 및 HBV감염율의 차이는 연령구성의 차이에 기인된 것 이었으며 연령별 HBsAg양성율은 20세가 1.7%, 21세 6.6%, 22세 6.1%, 23세 12.2%, 24세 이상에서 6.4%로 23세에서 가장 높게 나타났다. HBV감염율은 20세에서 45.8%, 21세 41.5%, 22세 49.5%, 23세 55.4%, 24세이상에서 59.6%로 나타나 연령이 증가할수록 감염율은 증가하였다. 이와같은 연령별 차이는 통계적으로 유의한 것은 아니었으나 타 연구결과와 종합해 볼 때 연령별 차이가 있을 것으로 생각되므로 같은 연령의 다른 학교 및 다른 계층을 대상으로 조사해 보고 연령에 따른 차이가 생기는 이유를 규명한다면 이 연령층에서 B형간염의 주요전파 경로를 밝힐 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. HBsAg양성인 26명가운데 1명만이 B형간염을 않고 있는 환자로 밝혀졌고 이들은 16개월 후에 재경사한 결과 검사에 응한 24명 중 22명이 계속 HBsAg양성이고 2명은 음성으로 되고 anti-HBs가 양성으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과로 보아 20세 이전에 약 반이 B형간염에 감염되었고 재학중에도 감염이 일어나고 있으므로 입학 즉시 감염여부를 확인하고 미감염자에 대해 예방접종을 실시하고 임상에 종사하기 시작할 때 추가접종하는 것이 이상적일 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.280-286
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• 1987

For evaluating the boosting (anamnestic) effects of the most recent commercially produced plasma derived heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (A. Co.), 117 adults with naturally acquired antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were selected at random. In addition, out of case immunized at zero and 1 month, and boosted at 6 months (primary boosting) by conventional vaccine (B. Co), inactivated by pepsin digestion and formalin treatment, 11 cases who showed elevated titer after primary boosting were also submitted to the study. The results were as follows: 1) Out of the 117 subjects with naturally acquired anti-HBs, 6(5.1%) showed isolated anti-HBs and the titers were below 10 ratio units (RU). Negative seroconversion was seen in 4(3.4%) of the 117 cases at 12 months after the screening and, of these cases, 3 showed isolated anti-HBs and the titers were below 10 RU. 2) Eighty-three percent of the cases with naturally acquired isolated anti-HBs below 10 RU did not respond to a booster injection with 3 us dose of A. Co. vaccine at all, but 90% of the other subjects responded. 3) The anti-HBs titers of all the 11 cases who showed a rise of more than 10 RU (increased GMT, 28.04) at one month after primary booster injection by $20{\mu}g$ dose of B. Co. vaccine decreased at 19 months after the primary booster. And 3 subjects (27.3%) of the 11 reached negative seroconversion. All of the 11 cases, who had secondary booster injection with $3{\mu}g$ dose of A. Co. vaccine at 19 months after primary boosting, showed increased anti-HBs titer at least 20 RU or more (increased GMT, 57. 72) at one month after the boosting. According to the above results in the anti-HBs screening survey for the purpose of immunization with hepatitis B vaccine, subjects with isolated anti-HBs below 10 RU should be regarded as being in an unimmunized state. In cases who are in risk circumstances, immunized primarily with a $20{\mu}g$ dose of B. Co. vaccine, a secondary booster injection should be given within 2 years after initiation of primary immunization and a $3{\mu}g$ booster dose of A. Co. vaccine can be reliably used.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1981

Serum HBsAg and Anti-HBs obtained by radioimmunoassay were studied in 109 cases of various liver diseases who visited or were admitted to National Medical Center from December, 1980 to July, 1981. The results were as follows; 1) HBsAg was detected in 67.0% of total 109 cases; 71.9% of 32 cases with acute viral hepatitis, 71.4% of 14 cases with chronic hepatitis, 65.2% of 46 cases with liver cirrhosis and 58.8% of 17 cases with hepatoma. 2) Anti-HBs was detected in 32.1% of total 109 cases; 37.0% of 46 cases with liver cirrhosis, 29.4% of 17 cases with hepatoma, 28.6% of 14 cases with chronic hepatitis, 28.1% of 32 cases with acute viral hepatitis. 3) HBsAg or Anti-HBs, the markers of Hepatitis B virus was detected in 89.0% of total 109 cases; 93.6% of 32 cases with acute viral hepatitis, 89.1% of 46 cases with liver cirrhosis, 85.7% of 14 cases with chronic hepatitis and 82.4% of 17 cases with hepatoma, which strongly suggested that the various liver diseases were associated with hepatitis B virus infection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1997

To investigate the association between hepatocellular carcinema(HCC) and infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) in an HBV endemic area, a case-control study of 254 patients with HCC and of 1,270 age and sex matched health control subjects was done. Among the 254 HCC patients 166(65.4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg), 49(19.3%) were positive for HCV antibody (anti-HCV Ab). The crude odd ratio of patients with HBsAg was 36.1(95% CI :22.4-58.2) and with anti-HCV Ab was 9.0(95% CI :5.5-14.6). In an analysis, which HBsAg(-), HBcAb(-), anti-HCV Ab(-) group was chosen as referent group, odd ratio of HBsAg(+) group was 14.4(95% CI: 7.2-28.9) and of anti- HCV Ab(+) was 10.7(95% CI: 2.9-40.0). odd ratio of anti-HCV Ab(+), HBsAg(+) group and anti-HCV Ab(+), HBsAg(-), HbcAb(+) group for HCC were elevated to 27.3(95% CI : 9.0-82.9), 15.9(95% CI:7.1-35.8) respectly, The odd ratio of anti-HCV Ab(-), HBsAg(-), HBcAb(+) group was 2.4(95% CI : 1.1-5.0). These result suggested that HBV and HCV were associated with HCC. In HBV endemic area patients with HBcAb alone should be considered risk group for HCC.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2003

The 5 year follow up study was conducted to assess the positive seroprevalence of HbsAg and magnitude of new cases in a steel manufacturing big scale workpalce. About 2,000 serum samples collected from 1998 to 2002 for hepatititis B surface antigen(HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg(anti-HBs), sAST, sALT, r-GTP, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were tested. The commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized in serologic test of hepatititis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibody to HBsAg(anti-HBs). The preceived seroprevalence rates in the study were ranged 6.3~6.9%. The seroprevalences of HbsAg were 4.3~4.9% among the age of thirties, a significantly decreased seroprevalence compared with those among other age groups(in forties, 7.1~8.2%, and in fifties 7.1~7.6%). The positive seroprevalence of anti-HBs were 71.0~77.9%. A new case was not detected in the group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1984

산모(産母)의 B형 간염(肝炎) virus감염에 관련되는 위험요소와 HBsAg 보유(保有)가 신생아의 건강에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 개명대학교 동산의료원 산부인과에서 1982연(年) 2월(月) 1일(日)부터 동년(同年) 5월(月) 30일(日) 사이에 분만한 729명의 산모(産母)를 대상으로 혈청 HBsAg과 anti-HBs를 조사하였다. 산모(産母)의 HBsAg 양성율은 729명중 43명으로 5.9%, anti-HBs는 246명으로 33.7%의 양성율을 보여 전체적인 B형 간염(肝炎) 감염율은 39.6%였다. HBsAg 양성인 산모(産母) 43명과 음성 산모(産母) 210명을 무작위로 뽑아 면접 조사하여 비교한 결과 침술력이 HBsAg 보유(保有)와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 (p<0.005) 침술을 통해 B형 간염(肝炎)이 상당히 전파되었을 가능성을 보였다. 또한 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)가 음성 산모(産母)에 비해 생활수준이 일반적으로 낮아 B형 간염(肝炎) 감염에 환경적 요소가 관여한다는 설(設)과 일치하는 결과를 보였다. HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)에서 태어난 신생아 43명의 제대혈액에서는 한명도 HBsAg 양성 발견이 없었다. 43명의 신생아중 생후 3개월까지 추적 가능하였던 35명중 한명이, 그리고 6개월까지 추적 가능했던 32명중 한명이 HBsAg 양성 발현을 보였는데 이는 동일아(同一兒)였다. 대조군으로 본 조사에 응했던 HBsAg 음성 산모(産母)에서 태어난 신생아 20명을 3개월, 6개월 2차에 걸쳐 추적 검사한 결과 한명의 HBsAg 양성 발현을 볼 수 없어 한국을 비롯한 동남아의 B형 간염(肝炎)은 주산기(周産期) 감염이 주전파경로(主傳播經路)라는 설(說)과는 일치하지 않았다. 조산아 출산율은 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)(27.9%)가 음성 산모(産母)(11.7%)에 비하여 현저하게 높았다(p<0.05). 저체중아 출산율은 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)가 23.3%로 HBsAg 음성 산모(産母)의 14.1%보다 높았으나 통계적 유의 수준에는 미달하였다(p=0.16). 조기파막의 빈도는 HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)(25.5%)가 음성 산모(産母)(11.1%)에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). HBsAg 양성. 산모(産母)와 음성 산모(産母) 사이에 사산(死産)과 선친성 기형아 출산율에는 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. HBsAg 양성 산모(産母)가 음성 산모(産母)보다 높은 조기파막의 빈도와 조산아 출산율은 HBsAg 보유(保有) 그 자체에 기인하는 것인지 아니면 HBsAg 보유(保有) 산모(産母)의 낮은 생활수준에 기인한 것인지는 연구대상자 수가 적어 규명할 수 없었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2005

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to a hepatitis B vaccination, and investigate the HBV DNA in subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Methods: 34 subjects with persistent isolated anti-HBc were included in the study. 32 subjects negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were included as a control group. They were all vaccinated with Hepaccine at 0, 1 and 2 months, and anti-HBs titers were measured 1 month after the 1st and 3rd vaccinations (1 and 3 months). The HBV-DNA was tested by polymerase chain reaction in subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Results: After the 1st & 3rd vaccinations, the anti-HBs titers$\geq$10mIU/ml were 70.6 & 70.6% in isolated anti-HBc group, and 34.4 & 81.2% in the control group, respectively. There were statistically significant differences after the 1st vaccination, but none after the 3rd, between the two groups. In the isolated anti-HBc and control groups, the primary, amnestic and no responses were 0 vs. 46.9%, 55.9 vs. 6.3% and 29.4 vs. 18.8%, respectively. The HBV DNA was not detected in all subjects with isolated anti-HBc. Conclusion: None of the subjects with isolated anti-HBc had a false positive result (primary response); therefore, they should be excluded from vaccination programs in Korea. To differentiate between immunity and occult infections, a single dose of vaccine, with a follow-up anti-HBs test, is preferable for subjects with isolated anti-HBc. An amnestic response indicates late immunity, and no response a suspect occult infection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.226-230
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to suggest a proper method for the detection of heaptitis B surface antibody(anti-HBs) in a screening program for hepatitis B vaccination. Methods : Sensivitity, specificity and predictive values were compared between Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and passive hemagglutination(PHA) in 978 subjects(565 males, 413 females, 19-78 years ranging in age, mean 46.5 years old). EIA was used as a standard method for the detection of HBsAb. Results : Sensitivity in the detection of anti-HBs of PHA and ICA was 88.7%, and 94.9%, specificity was 94.3% and 96.6%, negative predictive value was 96.5%, and 98.0%, and positive predictive value was 82.3%, and 91.3%,, respectively. False negative rate(11.3%) of PHA was higher than that(5.1%) of ICA. The higher the titer of anti-HBs in EIA was, the lower the false negative rate was. There was no false negative result in the cases with $101mIU/{\beta}c$ or more in EIA Conclusion : We suggest that ICA should be the choice of screening method in the detection of anti-HBs in Hepatitis B vaccination program.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.281-292
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• 1986

Infection by hepatitis B virus is one of the major health problems of this nation. HBsAg positive rates of general population and school children were known to be as about 8 percent and 3.9 to 5.9 percent respectively. To study the incidence rate of hepatitis B infection in school children of rural area, author had examined 475 school children of relatively isolated agricultural area for baseline prevalence of hepatitis B virus serologic markers and followed up 415 school children during 10 months to determined the frequency of serologic conversion. The major results are summarized as followings: 1) Among the 278 susceptible children who were followed up, 26 had seroconversion for HBsAg or Anti-HBs. Therefore, the cumulative incidence rate during 10 months is estimated 9.4%. 2) The incidence rate of hepatitis B infection tends to increase with age (6-9yrs: 3.2%, 10-14yrs: 9.5%, 15-17yrs: 18.9%), and the incidence rate in male (13.0%) was higher than in female (5.7%). 3) The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus infection were not different statistically among three economic classes (The rates of lower, middle and higher class were 11.8%, 7.1% and 10.5%.). 4) The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus infection were not different statistically between visitors and non-visitors of clinic or hospital, dental clinic, persons received IV and not received IV, and persons with familial history and without familial history of liver diseases. Therefore all of these factors were not identified as risk factor of hepatitis B virus infection. And the transmissibility within the class of school was not recognized, too. 5) Among the 25 children who were HBsAg positive when enrolled, 15 (60%) were still HBsAg positive, who were identified as chronic carrier 15 of 415 school children were chronic carriers, then chronic carrier rate was estimated 3.6%, and there was no difference between sexes. 6) Of 38 children who had been Anti-HBs positive when enrolled, 5 (13.2%) lost Anti-HBs. Therefore, the loss rate of Anti-HBs per year is estimated to be 15.8%.