• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1038-1042
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• 2003

In order to evaluate dynamic impedance of a hand-arm system it is necessary to measure the hand-transmitted vibration and the reaction force at the same time while gripping the vibrating handle. In the study a device was developed to measure both the vibration and the force. The device consists of a measurement handle with four strain gauge and two accelerometers and a PC based control system with a program for the signal processing and evaluation of the hand-transmitted vibration and reaction force. The handle was installed on the vibration shaker so that it can move by the generated signal from the control system. As an application of the system dynamic reaction force and the frequency weighted acceleration at the handle attached to the shaker were measured at various grip force and feed force. This system will be very useful in the area of impedance measurement and the evaluation of performance of anti-vibration gloves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.251-254
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• 2005

In this study vibration transmissibilities of the selected anti-vibration gloves were measured, and the measurement uncertainty was estimated. Since human factors such as palm size, gripping condition and dynamic properties of the hand-arm effect the measurement a lot, it is necessary to know ow much the uncertainty is. This study takes the measurement procedure suggested in ISO 10819. Three subjects Joined at each test and each anti-vibration glove was tested twice per a subject. Average and standard deviation of vibration transmissibility were calculated and uncertainty of them were estimated at 95% confidence level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

Basement membrane laminin is a multidomain glycoprotein that interacts with itself, heparin and cells. The distal long arm plays major cell and heparin interactive roles. The long arm consists of three subunits (A, B1, B2) joined in a coiled-coil rod attached to a terminal A chain globule (G). The globule is in turn subdivided into five subdomains (Gl-5). In order to analyze the functions of this region, recombinant G domains (rG, rAiG, rG5, rGΔ2980-3028) were expressed in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector. A hybrid molecule (B-rAiG), consisting of recombinant A chain(rAiG) and the authentic B chains (E8-B)was assembled in vitro. The intercalation of rAiG into E8-B chains suppressed a heparin binding activity identified in subdomain Gl-2. By the peptide napping and ligand blotting, the relative affinity of each subeomain to heparin was assigned as Gl> G2= G4> G5> G3, such that G1 bound strongly and G3 not at all. The active heparin binding site of G domain in intact laminin appears to be located in G4 and proximal G5. Cell binding was examined using fibrosarcoma Cells. Cells adhered to E8, B-rAiG, rAiG and rG, did not bind on denatured substrates, poorly bound to the mixture of E8-B and rG. Anti-${\alpha}$6 and anti-${\beta}$1 integrin subunit separately blocked cell adhesion on E8 and B-rAiG, but not on rAiG. Heparin inhibited cell adhesion on rAiG, partially on B-rAiG, and not on E8. In conclusion, 1) There are active and cryptic cell and heparin binding activities in G domain. 2) Triple-helix assembly inactivates cell and heparin binding activities and restores u6131 dependent cell binding activities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

In order to evaluate performance of anti-vibration gloves, it is necessary to measure the transmitted vibration to the hand and the applied forces at the same time while gripping the vibrating handle. In the study a system was developed to measure both the vibration and the forces. The system consists of a measurement handle with eight strain gauges and two accelerometers and a PC-based system with a software for signal processing, evaluation of the hand-transmitted vibration and for control of applied forces in the pre-determined range. The handle was installed on the vibration shaker which is strong enough so as not to be affected by dynamic coupling with the hand-arm. Whole procedure of ISO 10819:1996 to determine the vibration transmissibility of anti-vibration gloves was programmed into the system. As an example of the application, three subjects joined the test to get vibration transmissibilities of 9 anti-vibration gloves where each glove was tested twice a subject. Average and standard deviation of the corrected vibration transmissibility were also calculated. All tested gloves fulfilled criterion for M-spectrum($\overline{TR_M}$<1.0), but one glove fulfilled criterion for H-spectrum($\overline{TR_H}$<6.0),

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.6 s.111
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• pp.602-608
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• 2006

In order to evaluate performance of anti-vibration gloves, it is necessary to measure the transmitted vibration to the hand and the applied forces at the same time while gripping the vibrating handle. In the study a system was developed to measure both the vibration and the forces. The system consists of a measurement handle with eight strain gauges and two accelerometers and a PC-based system with a software for signal processing and evaluation of the hand-transmitted vibration and for control of applied forces in the pre-determined range. The handle was installed on the vibration shaker which is strong enough so as not to be affected by dynamic coupling with the hand-arm system. Whole procedure of ISO 10819 to determine the vibration transmissibility of anti-vibration gloves was programmed into the system. As an example of the application, three subjects joined the test to get vibration transmissibilities of anti-vibration gloves where each glove was tested twice a subject. Average and standard deviation of vibration transmissibility were also calculated.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.140-144
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• 2023

While CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells have long been considered the primary effector in controlling tumors, the involvement of CD4⁺ "helper" T cells in anti-tumor immunity has been underappreciated. The investigations of intra-tumoral T cells, fueled by the recent advances in genomic technologies, have led to a rethinking of the indirect role of CD4⁺ T cells that have traditionally been described as a "helper". Accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that CD4⁺ T cells can acquire intrinsic cytotoxic properties and directly kill various types of tumor cells in a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-dependent manner, as opposed to the indirect "helper" function, thus underscoring a potentially critical contribution of CD4⁺ cytotoxic T cells to immune responses against a wide range of tumor types. Here, we discuss the biological properties of anti-tumor CD4⁺ T cells with cytotoxic capability and highlight the emerging observations suggesting their more significant role in anti-tumor immunity than previously appreciated.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.367-374
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• 2012

Cigarette smoking (SM) is considered to be well known environmental toxin which contributes to the onset of various diseases. SM cause direct lungs damage, activate lungs inflammatory responses, and in some cases leads to the development of lung cancer. Cytokines in injured starfish (Asterina pectinifera) is the potential changes in its expression during the regeneration process. Especially, expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ has increased in arm cut starfish extract after eight days. Also, starfish including saponin like the ginseng. Saponin is widely used in the world because of some effective pharmacological activities. Therefore, the current study was designed to elucidate the pharmacological activities of starfish extract against cigarette smoking induced damage in cell line and pulmonary tissue. We investigate that the effect of eight days starfish extract after arm cut (8d) and intact starfish extract on cell line and mouse lung injury by SM. In cell proliferation analysis, although cigarette smoking extract (CSE) was co-treated, the higher proliferation ability is shown in 8d treatment than intact starfish extract. 8d and intact starfish extract was directly transported to pulmonary cells through respiratory organ by nebulizer inhalation. In this case of cigarette smoking, the pulmonary structure was damaged and functions become abnormal. However, 8d treated groups showed similar with the control group compared with SM group. Among them, 8d was proved to be more effective than intact starfish extract. These results demonstrate that 8d could more protect pulmonary structure and function than intact starfish extract against cigarette smoking by ginseng like saponin and regulation of inflammatory cytokines.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the effects of eggshell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) on the anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, anti-microbial activity, and moisture-protection for cosmetic use. Whole ESMH (before fractionation), and fraction I (>10 kDa), fraction II (3-10 kDa), and fraction III (<3 kDa) of the hydrolysates were assessed in this experiment. As lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-${\gamma}$ caused the inflammation on Raw264.7 cell, whole ESMH and fraction I showed to be effective in inhibiting the induction of cell inflammation depending on the concentration, and also showed outstanding effect to suppress the skin inflammation. Fraction I inhibited collagenase and elastase activities to a greater extent than the other fractions, while all fractions had antibiotic effects at concentrations of 10 mg/disc and 20 mg/disc. In addition, it showed the moisture protection effects of skin on the holding amount and losing amount of moisture in upper-inner arm of the human body with a relatively low loss rate in skin, which confirmed that the hydrolyzed fractions of ESM helps to form the superior protective layer of moisture. It was concluded that ESMH fractions with different molecular weights, especially the 10 kDa fraction, have anti-lipopolysaccharide, anti-IFN-${\gamma}$-induced inflammation, anti-collagenase and elastase activities, and thus can be used as a cosmetic agent to protect skin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 2003

This work measured the hand-transmitted vibration due to shipyard worker's grinding and assessed the vibration exposure for predicted 10% prevalence of vibration-induced white finger in a group of exposed persons according to test procedure of ISO 5349-1. And also the transmissibility performance of resilient material, mainly applied to anti-vibration gloves in present market was measured on the basis of ISO 13753 and confirmed that the material would Probably not provide greater attenuation below 30㎐, the dominant frequency range of hand-transmitted vibration due to grinder.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2010

We tested whether ginsenosides $Rg_3$-standardized ginseng extract (RGE) has anti-stress effects in restraint-stressed animals. RGE increased time spent in the open arms and open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze test. In addition, RGE blocked the reduction of center zone distance and stereotypes behaviors in the open-field test. RGE also increased head dips in stressed mice, indicating anxiolytic-like effects. Stress decreased movement distance and duration, burrowing, and rearing frequency but increased face washing and grooming. RGE significantly reversed burrowing and rearing activity in stressed mice. In addition, we measured sleep architecture in restraint stressed rats using EEG recorder. Stress increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but total sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep were not changed. RGE did not affect sleep architecture in stressed rats. These behavioral experiments suggest that RGE has anti-stress effects in restraint-stressed animal models.