• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

With particular regards to the hepatitis A virus (HAV), a terminal dry-heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor IX concentrate. The loss of factor IX activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 3%, as estimated by a clotting assay. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the dry-heat-treated factor IX compared with those of the factor IX before dry-heat treatment. The dry-heat-treated factor IX was stable for up to 24 months at $4^{\circ}C$, The dry-heat treatment after lyophilization was an effective process for inactivating viruses. The HAV and murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) were completely inactivated to below detectable levels within 10 min of the dry-heat treatment. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV) were potentially sensitive to the treatment. The log reduction factors achieved during lyophilization and dry-heat treatment were ${\ge}5.60$ for HAV, ${\ge}6.08$ for EMCV, 2.64 for PPV, and 3.59 for BHV. These results indicate that dry-heat treatment improves the virus safety of factor IX concentrates, without destroying the activity. Moreover, the treatment represents an effective measure for the inactivation of non-lipid enveloped viruses, in particular HAV, which is resistant to solvent/detergent treatment.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1998

1997년 3월 전라남도 및 경상남도의 해산어 육상 및 가두리 양식장에서 양성 중이던 넙치가 HRV(hirame rhabdovirus, Rhabdovirus olivaceus) 감염증과 유사한 증상을 나타내어 그 원인을 조사한 결과 새로운 rhabdovirus가 분리 되었다. 분리 바이러스(DF-9708)는 RTG-2 및 EPC 세포주에서 $15^{\circ}C$로 배양하였을 때 랩도바이러스 특유의 세포변성효과(CPE)를 나타내었으나 CHSE-214에서는 증식되지 않았다. 투과전자현미경으로 감염 세포내의 바이러스 입자 형태를 관찰해본 결과 bullet-shape의 크기 $70nm{\times}100\sim150nm$으로 인벨롭을 가진 바이러스였다. 분리바이러스는 pH 3 및 diethyl ether의 처리 조건에서는 감염성을 상실하였고, 열($50^{\circ}C$ 5 min, $60^{\circ}C$ 1 min)에도 약한 성상을 나타내었다. DNA 저해제인 IUdR $10^{-4}$M 처리에 의해서는 바이러스 감염가에 영향을 받지 않았다. 분리 바이러스는 Anti-HRV(8401-H) rabbit serum에 의해서만 중화 되었고, 전염성 조혈기 괴사증 바이러스(IHNV), 연어과 레오바이러스(CSV), 바이러스성 선회병 바이러스(RVS) 및 전염성 췌장괴사증 바이러스(IPNV) 등의 국내에서 분리되어지는 바이러스 항체로는 중화되지 않았다. 초원심법으로 정제한 분리 바이러스를 전기영동 한 결과 polymerase(L), glycoprotein(G), nucleoprotein(N) 및 2개의 matrix proteins(M1 및 M2)으로 구성되어져 있었으며, 각 단백질의 분자량은 L, 160 kDa; G, 55 kDa; N, 45 kDa; M1, 26 kDa; M2, 22 kDa의 크기로 계산되었다. 새롭게 분리된 바이러스는 외부증상으로는 기존의 HRV 감염과 유사한 점을 나타내었으나 그 바이러스학적 특성에 있어 약간의 차이점이 있어 본 분리바이러스를 우선 Nubchi rhabdovirus(NRV)(HRV-like)로 부르기로 한다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.32.1-32.15
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• 2020

Influenza virus is the major cause of seasonal and pandemic flu. Currently, oseltamivir, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuraminidase of influenza A and B viruses, is the drug of choice for treating patients with influenza virus infection. However, recent emergence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses has limited its efficacy. Morin hydrate (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid isolated from Morus alba L. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects partly by the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, its effects on influenza virus have not been studied. We evaluated the antiviral activity of morin hydrate against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR/8; H1N1) and oseltamivir-resistant A/PR/8 influenza viruses in vitro. To determine its mode of action, we carried out time course experiments, and time of addition, hemolysis inhibition, and hemagglutination assays. The effects of the co-administration of morin hydrate and oseltamivir were assessed using the murine model of A/PR/8 infection. We found that morin hydrate reduced hemagglutination by A/PR/8 in vitro. It alleviated the symptoms of A/PR/8-infection, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α and CCL2, in infected mice. Co-administration of morin hydrate and oseltamivir phosphate reduced the virus titers and attenuated pulmonary inflammation. Our results suggest that morin hydrate exhibits antiviral activity by inhibiting the entry of the virus.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.587-593
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• 1998

갈조류중의 발암 promotion 억제인자를 밝히기 위하여 곰피, 미역 및 다시마의 용매추출물을 이용하여 발암 promotion 억제효과를 조사한 결과, 곰피. 미역 및 다시마의 수용성 추출물을 제외한 유기용매 분획물에서 우수한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이 중에서 억제효과가 강한 곰피를 이용하여 발암 promotion 억제인자를 살펴본 결과, 곰피중의 bromophenol, phloroglucinol 등의 phenol 을 비롯하여 chlorophyll 및 carotenoid 화합물에서 억제 효과가 높게 나타났다. 곰피의 chlorophyll a 및 pheophorbide a에서 5 $\mu$M 첨가시 $77.4\%$ 및 $66.6\%$의 억제효과가 나타났으며, 곰피의 carotenoid 화물 중에서는 lutein, $\alpha$-cryptoxanthin 및 $\beta$-carotene이 주요 억제인자로 밝혀졌다. Lutein 및 $\alpha$-cryptoxanthin 의 발암 promotion 억제효과는 20$\mu$g 첨가에 의해 각각 $76.9\%$ 및 $84.4\%$로 우수하였고, 세포 생잔율도 높게 나타났다.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2018

Background: Accurate, rapid, and cost-effective screening tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be useful in laboratories that cannot afford automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a novel rapid automated fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). Methods: A fluorescent LFIA using a small bench-top fluorescence reader, Automated Fluorescent Immunoassay System (AFIAS; Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Korea), was developed for qualitative detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) within 20 minutes. We compared the diagnostic performance of AFIAS with that of automated CLIAs-Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany) and ARCHITECT (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA)-using 20 seroconversion panels and 3,500 clinical serum samples. Results: Evaluation with the seroconversion panels demonstrated that AFIAS had adequate sensitivity for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection. From the clinical samples, AFIAS sensitivity and specificity were 99.8% and 99.3% for the HBsAg test, 100.0% and 100.0% for the anti-HBs test, and 98.8% and 99.1% for the anti-HCV test, respectively. Its agreement rates with the Elecsys HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV detection assays were 99.4%, 100.0%, and 99.0%, respectively. AFIAS detected all samples with HBsAg genotypes A-F and H and anti-HCV genotypes 1, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 4, and 6. Cross-reactivity with other infections was not observed. Conclusions: The AFIAS HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV tests demonstrated diagnostic performance equivalent to current automated CLIAs. AFIAS could be used for a large-scale HBV or HCV screening in low-resource laboratories or low-to middle-income areas.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

Sf9 cells have obvious advantages for the conventional production technology of vaccine. They are useful tools for high concentration and large-scale cultures. Sf9 cells were grown to maximal concentration, 8${\times}$l0$\^$6/ cells/$m\ell$ in a 500$m\ell$ spinner flask, with a doubling time at the exponentially growing phase of 24.5 hours, using serum-free media. To explore the ability of Sf9 cells to be infected by the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus Beijing-l strain, Sf9 cells were infected with the virus. By 4-5 days post-infection, 10-15 % of the Sf9 cells showed cytopathic effect (CPE), from granularity to the formation of syncytia and multinucleated giant cells continuously observed over a period of 35 days. Positive fluorescent reactions were detected in 30-40% of cells infected with the JE virus Beijing-l strain, and the uninfected Sf9 cells were completely negative. Virus particles, propagated in Sf9 and Vero cells, were concentrated by sedimentation on 40% trehalose cushions by ultracentrifugation, and showed identical patterns of viral morphogenesis. Complete virus particles, 40 to 50 nm in diameter, were observed, and JE virus envelope (E) proteins, at 53 kDa, were found in the western blot analysis to the anti-JE virus E protein monoclonal antibody and reacted as a magenta band in the same position to the glycoprotein staining. To evaluate whether the infectious virus was produced in Sf9 cells inoculated with the JE virus Beijing-l stain, Sf9 cells were inoculated with the virus, and sample harvested every 5 days. The titers of the JE virus Beijing-l strain rose from 1.0${\times}$l0$\^$5/ to 1.5${\times}$l0$\^$6/ pfu/$m\ell$. The infected Sf9 cells could be subcultured in serum-free medium, with no change in the plaque sizes formed by the JE virus Beijing-l strain in the plaque assay. It is suggested that the ability of the JE virus Beijing-l strain to infect Sf9 cells in serum-free media will provide a useful insect cell system, where the JE virus replication, cytopathogenicity and vaccine immunogen can be studied.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.239-242
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• 2004

This study examined the detection rate of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in serum and saliva samples, respectively, from 120 dental patients who were unaware if they have or had either hepatitis or tuberculosis. The frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HBs were determined using an immunochromatic assay. Mtb positivity was determined by the PCR method. Of the 120 patients, 7 (5.8％) were HBV positive and 30 (25.0％) were Mtb positive. This highlights the fact that dental health care workers (DHCWs) can be exposed to the risk of infection from blood- or saliva-borne pathogens as a consequence of their work. Therefore, it is very important to prevent cross infection between patients and dental personnel. Accordingly, laboratory tests prior to surgical treatment are needed to determine the infectious state of dental patients in order to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in dental clinics.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The two distinctive clinical features of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are varicella (chickenpox) by primary infection and zoster (singles) by the reactivation of latent infection. In addition to the two typical clinical symptoms mentioned above, diverse clinical manifestations have been reported as a result of VZV reactivation, including chronic radicular pain without rash, visual loss, facial palsy, dysphagia, sore throat, odynophagia, otalgia, hearing loss, dizziness, headache, hemiplegia, etc. Most of these symptoms are derived from neuropathy and vasculopathy of affected nerves and arteries. Diagnosis of VZV disease can be difficult if there is no appearance of a skin rash during development of atypical symptoms. In addition to natural infection, vaccination and anti-viral agent treatment have influenced the changes of epidemics and clinical presentations of varicella and zoster. In this article, diverse clinical manifestations caused by VZV reactivation, particular without skin rash, are reviewed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2005

Oriental medicinal herb extracts (OHE) showing anticancer activities were investigated for effectiveness as antiviral drugs. Infection of MuLV to cell line resulted in formation of giant syncytia. Number of giant syncytia in culture treated with OHE decreased by 40% compared to that of non-OHE-treated cell culture. To determine OHE effects on progeny release, RT-PCR was performed. In vivo animal studies demonstrated effectiveness of OHE as antiviral drug when administered orally. After OHE administration, viral cytopathic effects decreased. Infected mice showed splenomegaly and over-proliferation of lymphocytes with decreased CD4+ cell counts. These symptoms decreased in OHE-treated mice, indicating OHE maybe useful therapeutics against MuLV/MAIDS as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS animal model. Results show XC plaque assay and in vivo MAIDS model using MuLV are suitable tools for screening anti-retroviral drug candidates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2000

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was identified form CTV-infected early satsuma mandarin (Citus unshiu) and yuzu (C.junos) by RT-PCR. The total RNAs were isolated from citrus bark and seaf tissues infected with CTV and reverse transcription was followed with primers designed for amplifying CTV coat protein gene. DNA fragments 738 bp were amplified by RT-PCR and these products were colned for sequence analysis. Based on the sequence analysis, this PCR product has 97% sequence homology to CTV (T-385) CP gene isolated from USA. RT-PCR assay for CTV detection was more sensitivity than ELISA assay which was done with anti-CTV CP antibody. This is the frist report about CTV identification in Cheju island Korea.